Principles of wound care

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jibawi ◽  
Mohamed Baguneid ◽  
Arnab Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Careful Assessment

It’s important to be aware of healing process, associated comorbidities, and the role of nutrition in wound care management. Assessment of the amount and type of wound exudate plays an important role in deciding the type of dressing used. Infection or underlying osteomyelitis needs careful assessment, further investigation, and administration of systemic/oral anti-microbial therapy. Early use of non-surgical or surgical debridement is necessary to speed up the healing process. Diagnostic criteria of surgical site infection are increasingly used in postoperative wounds in hospitals for audit of infection control measures. No one type of dressing appears superior over other. Dressings should be cost effective, acceptable to the patients, and easy to use. In addition, in recent decades newer non-surgical debriding method, e.g. larvae therapy and negative pressure wound therapy, are increasingly being used and supported by recent NICE guidelines, especially in diabetic foot care.

Infection Control in a Country with Annual Inflation of 3,600%

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Sergio B. Wey
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Infection Control Rate ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Budget Shortfalls

AbstractThe economic crisis that has been seen worldwide affects developing countries such as Brazil even more severely. Worsening budget shortfalls for the healthcare system progressively threaten patient care. Infection control programs also are affected, and basic preventive policies are not implemented. Infection control practitioners face lack of equipment and poor microbiological support. In contrast, the motivation of the infection control people can be maintained through training courses, conferences, and meetings. Administrative support may be the most important single factor determining success in decreasing the infection control rate and should be (but is not always) provided, given that several infection control measures are cost effective.

scholarly journals The role of genomics in understanding COVID-19 outbreaks in long term care facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Aggarwal ◽  
Richard Myers ◽  
William L. Hamilton ◽  
Tehmina Bharucha ◽  
Niamh Tumelty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

A review was undertaken of all genomic epidemiology studies on COVID-19 in long term care facilities (LTCF) that have been published to date. It was found that staff and residents were usually infected with identical, or near identical, SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Outbreaks usually involved one predominant lineage, and the same lineages persisted in LTCFs despite infection control measures. Outbreaks were most commonly due to single or few introductions followed by spread rather than a series of seeding events from the community into LTCFs. Sequencing of samples taken consecutively from the same cases showed persistence of the same genome sequence indicating that the sequencing technique was robust over time. When combined with local epidemiology, genomics facilitated likely transmission sources to be better characterised. Transmission between LTCFs was detected in multiple studies. The mortality rate amongst residents was high in all cases, regardless of the lineage. Bioinformatics methods were inadequate in one third of the studies reviewed, and reproducing the analyses was difficult as sequencing data were not available in many cases.

scholarly journals Transmission of Helicobacter pylori and the role of water and biofilms

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Percival ◽  
John G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Primary Transmission

Documented evidence relating to the survival of Helicobacter pylori outside the gastric niche is extremely limited. To date the primary transmission routes of H. pylori have yet to be confirmed and when this is achieved preventive infection control measures can be implemented to reduce and ultimately prevent human infection from this pathogen. There is mounting evidence which suggests that the prevalence of H. pylori infection has a strong correlation with access to clean water, suggesting a transmission route to the host. However, there are no established culture methods for the detection of viable H. pylori in the environment, in particular drinking water supplies, preventing the development of true epidemiological and risk assessments. The aim of this review is to highlight the available data to date that suggests drinking water and possible survival in biofilms as a probable transmission mode for H. pylori.

Epidemic Bullous Impetigo in a Nursery Due to a Nasal Carrier of Staphylococcus aureus: Role of Epidemiology and Control Measures

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyn K. Nakashima ◽  
James R. Allen ◽  
William J. Martone ◽  
Brian D. Plikaytis ◽  
Beth Storer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
And Control

AbstractFrom September 14, 1981 to February 28, 1982, an epidemic of bullous impetigo caused by a penicillin/tetracycline resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 3A/3C, occurred in a newborn nursery in Louisville, Kentucky. Twenty of 1,181 (1.7%) infants at risk developed disease during the six-month epidemic period. Clinically all case-infants had bullous impetigo skin lesions. One infant developed staphylococcal septicemia. No infant died. An epidemiologic investigation identified a nurse as having significantly greater contact with case-infants than control-infants (p=0.0013). She was also found to be a nasal carrier of the epidemic strain. Infection control measures appeared to decrease infant-to-infant transmission via the hands of non-colonized nurses, but did not affect transmission from the nurse carrying the epidemic strain to infants. No cases of bullous impetigo have occurred since this nurse was temporarily removed from the nursery for treatment.

Role of infection control measures in limiting morbidity associated with multi-resistant organisms in critically ill patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Souweine ◽  
O. Traore ◽  
B. Aublet-Cuvelier ◽  
L. Bret ◽  
J. Sirot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures

scholarly journals Biological hazards associated with microblading and evaluation of its infection control procedures and wound care

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Wong ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogen

  Background: Microblading is emerging as one of the fastest growing beauty trends, appearing in tattoo shops, hair salons, and even in private home studios. The procedure uses a tool with single blade to penetrate the upper layer of the dermis and deposit semi-permanent pigments to mimic hair-like strokes. This study compares the risks of microblading to those in tattooing and analyzes the similarities in order to determine the biological hazards associated with microblading. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge on microblading practices specifically, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of infection control knowledge and practices in place, as well as the attitudes towards regulations in British Columbia. Method: Self-administered electronic surveys created on Google Forms were distributed to microblading establishments in B.C. through email. The survey assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of microbladers in B.C. through a series of questions regarding demographics, infection control, and wound care. A list of 130 microblading establishments were contacted and asked to participate in the online survey. Results: Among the 130 microblading establishments contacted, 41 agreed to participate. The majority of microbladers had a college certificate or diploma, 1-5 years of experience, and have taken a bloodborne pathogen course. Over 31% of the participants operated both in microblading as well as permanent makeup, 27% operated solely as microbladers, and 22% of the participants had both microblading and spa operations. The most prevalent form of training was a microblading course that lasted a week or longer, and 78% of the participants felt that there should be more training required for becoming a microblader. There was no association between the years of experience and level of pathogen knowledge according to the Chi square test (p=0.78), and no association between the attitude towards regulations regarding microblading and the number of infection control measures in place (p=0.38). However, there was a statistically significant association between taking a bloodborne pathogen course and knowing the correct bloodborne pathogens of concern. Conclusion: Microbladers in British Columbia are fairly new and thus only have 1-5 years of experience, and minimal training of week-long microblading courses. A majority of them feel that more training or certification should be required and that there should be more regulations regarding microblading. The results indicated that education and training provide the most knowledge rather than years of experience. This suggests that health authorities should focus on providing more access to education for microblading, such as offering a TattooSafe program for tattooing microblading, and permanent makeup, similar to FoodSafe, and developing more material to inform microblading fact sheets.  

scholarly journals Probable immersions for novel Coronavirus and its preventions: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth M. Kapatel ◽  
Nagma ara Malik
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The new public health crisis threatening the world with the emergence due to the spreading of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or it can also say as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus instigated in bats and was transmitted to humans through yet unknown transitional animals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. There have been around 3.04 million reported cases by WHO of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and 895 thousand are recovered, 211 thousand reported deaths to date (28/04/2020) from all over the world. The disease is spread by inhalation/breathing or interaction with infected droplets. The quarantine period ranges from 2 to 14 days. The symptoms are typically breathlessness, cough, sore throat, fever, fatigue, malaise, among others. The disease is mild in most people; while in about some (generally the aged and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. Treatment is very essentially supportive; the role of antiviral agents is up till now to be recognized. Prevention requires home quarantine of alleged cases and those with mild illnesses and severe infection control measures at hospitals that contain interaction, touch and droplet precautions.

Prevalence, Prediction, and Clonality of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusCarriage at Admission to Medical Units in Hong Kong, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shik Luk ◽  
Alex Yat Man Ho ◽  
Tak Keung Ng ◽  
Iris Hoi Ling Tsang ◽  
Eliza Hoi Ying Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Old Age Homes

Objective.To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) colonization at the time of admission to acute medical units and to develop a cost-effective screening strategy.Methods.Nasal and groin screening cultures were performed for patients at admission to 15 acute medical units in all 7 catchment regions in Hong Kong. All MRSA isolates were subjected tospatyping.Results.The overall carriage rate of MRSA was 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.5–15.1). MRSA history within the past 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.60 [95% CI, 3.28–6.44]), old age home residence (adjusted OR, 3.32 [95% CI, 2.78–3.98]), and bedbound state (adjusted OR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.75–2.74]) were risk factors selected as MRSA screening criteria that provided reasonable sensitivity (67.4%) and specificity (81.8%), with an affordable burden (25.2%).spatyping showed that 89.5% (848/948) of the isolates were clustered into the 4spaclonal complexes (CCs):spaCC1081,spaCC032,spaCC002, andspaCC4677. Patients colonized with MRSAspatypes t1081 (OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.49–2.09]) and t4677 (OR, 3.09 [95% CI, 1.54–6.02]) were more likely to be old age home residents.Conclusions.MRSA carriage at admission to acute medical units was prevalent in Hong Kong. Our results suggest that targeted screening is a pragmatic approach to increase the detection of the MRSA reservoir. Molecular typing suggests that old age homes are epicenters in amplifying the MRSA burden in acute hospitals. Enhancement of infection control measures in old age homes is important for the control of MRSA in hospitals.

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