Substance use and misuse

2021 ◽  
pp. 337-348
Author(s):  
Giang Le Minh ◽  
Steve Shoptaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Integration Of Services ◽  
One Stop

Around the world, substance use disorder is best understood along a spectrum that ranges from no use or use that causes no problems (i.e. the majority of people) through occasional use that brings occasional problems of moderate severity (i.e. some people) to frequent use that with severe problems (i.e. a minority of people). Across cultures, few people use substances (<10%) at levels that present severe problems. This chapter provides an overview of global trends of substance use and substance use disorder, offers criteria that define substance use disorder, and presents epidemiology on cannabis, opioids, amphetamine-type stimulants, and cocaine/crack. Relevant findings on public health consequences and intersections between substance use, infectious diseases, and other health threats are presented. A methodological toolbox containing best methods for studying substance use is provided. The chapter closes with a discussion of approaches to treatment and prevention of substance misuse, emphasizing integration of services (e.g. a one-stop shop).

scholarly journals Responding to the Opioid Epidemic: Educational Competencies for Pain and Substance Use Disorder from the Medical Schools of the University of California

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Servis ◽  
Scott M Fishman ◽  
Mark S Wallace ◽  
Stephen G Henry ◽  
Doug Ziedonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
The University

Abstract Objective The University of California (UC) leadership sought to develop a robust educational response to the epidemic of opioid-related deaths. Because the contributors to this current crisis are multifactorial, a comprehensive response requires educating future physicians about safe and effective management of pain, safer opioid prescribing, and identification and treatment of substance use disorder (SUD). Methods The six UC medical schools appointed an opioid crisis workgroup to develop educational strategies and a coordinated response to the opioid epidemic. The workgroup had diverse specialty and disciplinary representation. This workgroup focused on developing a foundational set of educational competencies for adoption across all UC medical schools that address pain, SUD, and public health concerns related to the opioid crisis. Results The UC pain and SUD competencies were either newly created or adapted from existing competencies that addressed pain, SUD, and opioid and other prescription drug misuse. The final competencies covered three domains: pain, SUD, and public health issues related to the opioid crisis. Conclusions The authors present a novel set of educational competencies as a response to the opioid crisis. These competencies emphasize the subject areas that are fundamental to the opioid crisis: pain management, the safe use of opioids, and understanding and treating SUD.

A Study of Drugs and Substance Abuse among Adolescents of Slum Dwellers

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mridula Sharma ◽  
Moni Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
The World

Drugs and substance abuse and dependence has become a worldwide public health crisis. The abuse of drug is an international problem, which affects almost every country in the world, both developed and developing. The present study was carried out with the objective: To study the prevalence and patterns of drugs and substance abuse among adolescents, living in slum of Meerut. A survey was conducted on slum area of Nauchandi compound, Meerut District. Sample was collected from 110 boys of 12 to 16 years old. The survey was based on drug addiction habits. Results shows that 46.36 % adolescents of the slum area used substance like Gutkha, Tobacco, Smoking, Alcohol, Afeem, Ganja, Thinner and Marijuana. 54.91% admitted to using one time, 23.53% admitted rarely, 15.68% admitted occasionally and 5.88%   admitted that they have craving for drugs, so use frequently. The most common substances used were Gutkha 46.36%, tobacco 40.91%, smoking 37.27%, and alcohol 13.63%.  8.18% substance abusers used multiple substances. Synthetic narcotics and LSD were not used by any of the abusers. Our study revealed that prevalence of substance use among adolescents is high and cause significant problem in this population, therefore there is necessity of targeted interventions to reduce this huge burden.

Emerging Issues in the Emerging Adult Substance Use Field

2017 ◽  
pp. 261-272
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
Clinical Program ◽  
Emerging Issues

Nearly two decades of research exist that use emerging adulthood as an organizing developmental construct to describe individuals ages 18–29. Yet, much remains to be learned regarding how to best provide effective substance use disorder prevention and treatment services to this population. This chapter argues that emerging adults should be considered a special population worthy of additional research and clinical program development efforts. Additionally, it provides one clinical scientist’s views on priority research and clinical practice areas that may improve substance use disorder treatment and prevention services to emerging adults. These priority research areas include increasing access and retention of emerging adults in substance use treatment, improving the diagnostic classification of substance use problems with emerging adults, monitoring macro-level trends with marijuana and opiate use among emerging adults, and gaining a better understanding of whether developmental constructs thought to be unique to emerging adults predict the onset, course, or treatment response of substance use disorders.

PTSD/Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity: Treatment Options and Public Health Needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-558
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Najavits ◽  
H. Westley Clark ◽  
Carlo C. DiClemente ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Howard J. Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Needs

scholarly journals Special Issue: Diagnosis and Management of Addiction and Other Mental Disorders (Dual Disorders)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Ana Adan ◽  
Marta Torrens
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
The World ◽  
Dual Disorder ◽  
Health Organization

The term “dual disorder” (DD) refers to the coexistence or concurrence of at least one substance use disorder (SUD) and another mental disorder in the same person, as the World Health Organization established in its lexicon of alcohol and drug terms [...]

Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) position statement: End the fatal paradox: change the names of our Federal Institutes on Addiction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Kelly ◽  
Valerie Earnshaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavioral Medicine ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Drug Use Disorders

Abstract Evidence demonstrates that exposure to the terms “abuse” and “substance abuser” increases stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes toward individuals suffering from drug and alcohol problems, ultimately leading to suboptimal clinical care delivery and poorer treatment outcomes. The American Psychiatric Association has dropped the term “abuse” from its diagnostic terminology; therefore, the term provides no advantage in terms of clinical precision or public health communication. Although numerous medical and public health associations have advocated against the term “abuse,” it remains embedded in the very titles of our major federal institutions and administrations whose explicit mission is to alleviate these endemic problems. Congress must act to change the names of the National Institutes of Health on addiction (i.e., NIAAA, NIDA) and related federal institutions (SAMHSA, CSAT). The Society of Behavioral Medicine supports the removal of the term “abuse” from the National Institutes of Health and related federal administrations pertaining to addiction and replacement with more neutral and nonstigmatizing terminology (e.g., disorder). Alternative names for the federal organizations that SBM supports are the “National Institute on Alcohol Use Disorder,” the “National Institute on Drug Use Disorders,” the “Substance Use Disorder and Mental Health Services Administration,” and the “Center for Substance Use Disorder Treatment.”

scholarly journals Addressing opioid misuse: Hero Help as a recovery and behavioural health response

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Ellen A. Donnelly ◽  
Madeline Stenger ◽  
Shannon Streisel ◽  
Daniel J. O'Connell ◽  
Jessica Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Behavioural Health ◽  
Using Data

Increases in opioid-related overdoses have required law enforcement and public health officials to collectively develop new approaches that treat substance use disorders and save lives. This essay describes the Hero Help recovery and behavioural health assistance program, a Delaware-based initiative providing drug treatment to qualifying adults who contact the police and ask for treatment, or to individuals in lieu of an arrest or upon recommendation by a police officer. Led by the New Castle County Division of Police, this collaborative project has brought together stakeholders from public health and criminal justice to coordinate treatment for people suffering from a substance use disorder and/or mental health problems. This essay describes the goals, evolution, and key activities of the program. It further highlights lessons learned, including improving credibility through concerted community outreach, finding ways to overcome the stigma associated with participating in a law enforcement–based program, gaining officer buy-in, and using data to inform treatment responses. Effectively, this essay seeks to disseminate emerging lessons in creating programming responsive to substance use disorder and mental illness among police departments and their community partners.

Recent Advances on Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Treatment, and Prevention of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 389-411
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Since the end of 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, commonly known as COVID-19, has become an infectious disease that has produced a severe global public health problem that requires solutions from different scientific initiatives. Nanomaterials are used to diagnose, treat, and prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its potential is highlighted through specific applications and developments carried out by researchers around the world. In addition to highlighting the characteristics and properties of the COVID-19 virus, the purpose of the chapter is focused on describing the role that nanomaterials are playing and that must be overcome due to the pandemic. Future research directions are described to guide readers on the innovations that are required related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. The impact that nanomaterials will have on COVID-19 will reduce the time for humans to return to the rhythm of life before the pandemic.

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) as a Public Health and Prevention Strategy to Address Substance Misuse and Addiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Nowalk ◽  
Janice Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Increasing Risk

SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment) is a comprehensive and integrated public health approach that aims to address hazardous and harmful substance use in patients through universal screening for substance misuse risk and the subsequent delivery of appropriate evidence-based interventions to reduce this risk. SBIRT has been implemented throughout all 50 states in a wide variety of medical settings. Thus far, over one million people across the country have been screened for substance use using SBIRT practices. SBIRT has also been implemented internationally. SBIRT is predicated on the premise that, like other chronic diseases, substance use falls along a clinical spectrum ranging from low to high risk. Patient substance use can be stratified across increasing risk levels that correlate with an appropriate disease state extending from abstinence to a diagnosable substance use disorder. Implications for treatment and prevention programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Is problematic Internet use associated with substance use among youth? A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lanthier-Labonté ◽  
M Dufour ◽  
D M Milot ◽  
J Loslier
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Problematic Internet use is an important emerging public health problem. Among youth, the link between problematic Internet use and other risky behaviors needs to be define. The National Institute on Drug Abuse was recently questioning if this new problem can explain the downward trend in substance use among young people. The objective of the systematic review is to explore the association between Internet use (with an average time measure and a problematic Internet use measure) and psychoactive substance use (alcohol, cannabis) among youth. Methods Empirical studies meeting inclusion criteria were chosen from important databases and then screened. Quality assessment and narrative synthesis were executed giving the high heterogeneity. Forty-three studies were eligible. Results A majority of studies found a positive association for the association between Internet problematic use and alcohol use, and between Internet problematic use and cannabis use. High heterogeneity in the assessment of alcohol and cannabis use made the synthesis a great challenge. Studies with substance use assessment that were reflecting a higher risk measure more often found a positive association. Conclusions Despite the diversity of the measures used, it seems that Internet use has a potential association with alcohol and cannabis use among youth around the world. When addressing risky behavior such as substance use among youth, professionals should also address problematic Internet use. Further studies are needed to assess the longitudinal impact of Internet use on youth substance use. A golden standard on how to assess alcohol and cannabis use among youth would be welcomed and certainly help future knowledge synthesis. Key messages Internet problematic use has a potential positive association with alcohol and cannabis use among youth around the world. Prevention programs for youth addressing risky behavior should include problematic Internet use, an important emerging public health problem.

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