Geopolitics of migration and refugees

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Albert Persaud ◽  
Antonio Ventriglio ◽  
Koravangattu Valsraj ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Different Parts

Humankind is on the move all the time, but in the past few decades this movement has become massive in different parts of the world. We are living in an era of unprecedented mobility of ideas, technology, money, and people. Globalization has changed the world and is continuing to change the relationships between nation-states, corporations, and international organizations. By 2030, 80% of the world’s poor will be living in an area defined as ‘fragile’—a status that may reflect any number of political, social, security, economic, or environmental causes, forcing millions who are suffering to flee their country and homes. The CAPE Vulnerability Index tool helps assess the causes of violent conflict, terrorism, climate change, poverty, inequality and injustice, migration and displacement through this new axis of geopolitical determinants of health rather than focusing disproportionately on the effects. Leaders across the globe have a moral imperative to provide security, economic prosperity, and well-being to their people, but the policy needs to be fit for the local environment, be it geographical, political, or cultural, to help people to function well.

scholarly journals Comparing climate change indices between a northern (arid) and a southern (humid) basin in Mexico during the last decades

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín José Montero-Martínez ◽  
Julio Sergio Santana-Sepúlveda ◽  
Naydú Isabel Pérez-Ortiz ◽  
Óscar Pita-Díaz ◽  
Salvador Castillo-Liñan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Humid Area ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract. It is a matter of current study to determine potential climate changes in different parts of the world, especially in regions like a basin which has the potential to affect socioeconomic and environmental issues in a defined area. This study provides a comparison between several climate change indices trends of two very different basins in Mexico, one located in the northern arid region (the Conchos River basin) and the other in the southern humid area (the Usumacinta River basin). First, quality control, homogenization, and completion of the missing data were applied before calculating the climate change indices and their respective trends for the combined period 1961–1994. A clear warming signal was found for the two basins in addition to an increment in the DTR, in agreement with other studies in Mexico. Also, the Conchos River basin was found to be more humid and the Usumacinta River basin drier, in accordance to a supposed seesaw behavior indicated in previous analysis.

Consequentialism as an Intergenerational Ethic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Mulgan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Intergenerational Ethics ◽  
Human Extinction

Consequentialist morality is about making the world a better place—by promoting value and producing valuable outcomes. Consequentialist ethics competes with non-consequentialist alternatives where values are to be honored or instantiated rather than promoted and/or where morality is based on rules, virtues, or rights rather than values. Consequentialism’s main rivals in intergenerational ethics are contract-based theories. This chapter first argues that consequentialism has significant comparative advantages over its contract-based rivals, especially in relation to non-identity, the absence of reciprocity, and the need for flexibility and radical critique. These advantages outweigh the challenges facing any consequentialist intergenerational ethics—including cluelessness, counterintuitive demands, and puzzles of aggregation. The chapter then explores many varieties of contemporary consequentialism, arguing that the best consequentialist approach to intergenerational justice is agnostic, moderate, collective consequentialism. Different possible futures—including futures broken by climate change or transformed by new technologies—present new ethical challenges that consequentialism has the flexibility to address. Collective consequentialism can also resolve long-standing debates about the aggregation of well-being. The chapter ends by asking how consequentialist intergenerational ethics might evaluate threats of human extinction, incorporate the value of nonhuman nature, and motivate its potentially extreme demands.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hydrology on Soil Erosion

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
José María Senciales-González ◽  
José Damián Ruiz-Sinoga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
New Research ◽  
Different Parts

In this Special Issue, we have tried to include manuscripts about soil erosion and degradation processes and the accelerated rates due to hydrological processes and climate change. We considered that the main goal was successfully reached. The new research focused on measurements, modelling, and experiments under field or laboratory conditions developed at different scales (pedon, hillslope, and catchment) were submitted and published. This Special Issue received investigations from different parts of the world such as Ethiopia, Morocco, China, Iran, Italy, Portugal, Greece and Spain, among others. We are happy to see that all papers presented findings characterized as unconventional, provocative, innovative and methodologically new. We hope that the readers of the journal Water can enjoy and learn about hydrology and soil erosion using the published material, and share the results with the scientific community, policymakers and stakeholders new research to continue this amazing adventure, featuring plenty of issues and challenges.

Global Patterns of Climate-resilient Agriculture: A Review of Studies and Imperatives for Empirical Research in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-192
Author(s):  
P. K. Viswanathan ◽  
K. Kavya ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Bahinipati
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The World ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
Different Parts

Globally, climate change impacts are manifold, severely affecting the agriculture sector. Climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) is viewed as a panacea for overcoming the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture. This article critically reviews the literature on CRA to delineate the emerging patterns of climate-resilient agriculture. It explores multiple dimensions of CRA as related to practices, technologies, policies, innovations and interventions across different parts of the world. In the end, a schematic approach towards undertaking empirical research on CRA in the Indian context is presented. The review finds that, globally, CRA practices mainly include systematic strategies for management of critical inputs, namely, land and water, cropping systems and livelihood management. It emerges that innovations and institutions have a crucial role in accelerating the rate of adoption of CRA practices. The article highlights the need for undertaking more empirical research to get a deeper understanding of the emerging patterns of CRA in the Indian context.

scholarly journals Passive downdraught evaporative cooling: principles and practice

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Ford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Air conditioning is now recognized as a significant factor in global warming and climate change. In the search for alternatives, passive downdraught evaporative cooling (PDEC) is proving to be both technically and economically viable in different parts of the world. Brian Ford describes the principles and current practice of this innovative approach to cooling in the hot dry regions of the world.

scholarly journals U-25 Salient Features of Social Security of Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-378
Author(s):  
Hafiz Abdul Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Saddique
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The People ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Rights

Islam is the religion of welfare and well-being of the people as well as reformation and uplift of the society. It not only gives its followers some beliefs and convictions, but it also makes them aware of all those fundamental tenets of life, adopting which, an Islamic state can build a peaceful society. Islam gives due care not only to men but to animals and birds as well. What to speak of services to the helpless, it even regards provisions to hungry and the thirsty animals a great source of salvation in the World Hereafter. Public rights (haquq-ul-Ibaad), personal rights, good morals and generosity are a big part of Islamic commandments. Even the person who does not help others is regarded not a Muslim in the eyes of Islam. Islam makes it obligatory to every Man of Source to be conscious about the rights of other people living around him. An Islamic state consists of both Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Every person, whether he is Muslim or non-Muslim, living in the state, deserves his fundamental rights. Even the state is bound to provide them the basic necessities of life including food, boarding, education, clothing, cure and justice. All this is emphasized in Quran and Hadith. When the Holy Prophet (PBHU) migrated to Madina, he, first of all, laid the foundation of first Islamic state. Having reached there, the first problem he faced was the problem of the housing, food and cure of the migrants (Muhajir), as the migrants had left all their belongings back in Makkah. They had no sources with them in Madina. The Holy Prophet (PBHU) persuaded the locals (Insaar), so that the locals managed for the basic needs of migrants, and thus resolved these issues. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) introduced such a system of assistance that none was helpless in the state.

scholarly journals The geography of the Anthropocene differs between the land and the sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Bowler ◽  
A.D. Bjorkman ◽  
M. Dornelas ◽  
I.H. Myers-Smith ◽  
L. M. Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
List Type ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractClimate change and other anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity change are unequally distributed across the world. The geographic patterns of different drivers, and the spatial overlap among these drivers, have important implications for the direction and pace of biodiversity change, yet are not well documented. Moreover, it is unknown if the geographic patterns of drivers differ between the terrestrial and marine realm, as expected due to marked differences in how humans interact with the land and ocean.We compiled global gridded datasets on climate change, land-use, resource exploitation, pollution, species invasions, and human population density. We used multivariate statistics to examine the spatial relationships among the datasets and to characterize the typical combinations of drivers experienced by different parts of the world.We found stronger positive correlations among drivers in the terrestrial than in the marine realm, leading to areas of high intensities of multiple drivers on land. Climate change tended to be negatively correlated with other drivers in the terrestrial realm (e.g., in the tundra and boreal forest with high climate change but low human use and pollution) whereas the opposite was true in the marine realm (e.g., in the Indo-Pacific with high climate change and high fishing).We show that different regions of the world can be defined by anthropogenic threat complexes (ATCs), distinguished by different sets of drivers with varying intensities. The ATCs can be used to test hypothesis about the pattern of biodiversity change, especially the joint effects of multiple drivers. More generally, our global analysis highlights the broad conservation priorities needed to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic change on biodiversity responses, with different priorities emerging on land and in the ocean, and in different parts of the world.

scholarly journals Education for Sustainable Development as Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: A Literature Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Lou E. Neri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Keywords Education

The World Health Organization (2003) stated that there is growing evidence that changes in the global climate will have profound effects on the well-being of citizens in countries throughout the world. The “business as usual” frame of mind in dealing with this phenomenon is no longer feasible. Rather, there is a great need for a “sense of urgency” to empower and actively involve every individual to adapt and to mitigate the worsening of climate change. A great number of studies show that the leadership of the educational system in developed countries for more than 2 decades has been successful in promoting environmental sustainability. Some of these studies are reviewed and documented in this paper so that vulnerable countries may learn and benchmark from their experiences. Keywords - Education, sustainable development, climate change

Climate Change and Supply Chain Operations

2011 ◽  
pp. 93-126
Author(s):  
Costas P. Pappis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Stern Review ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

In the previous chapter 3 the focus of the presentation has been on the implications of climate change, as felt globally, for the environment and human societies in developing as well as in developed countries. As noticed there, the Stern Review’s conclusion that “climate change will have increasingly severe impacts on people around the world, with a growing risk of abrupt and large-scale changes at higher temperatures” (Stern Review, 2006) is shared by most scientists and governments. The Review warns that “a warmer world with a more intense water cycle and rising sea levels will influence many key determinants of wealth and well-being, including water supply, food production, human health, availability of land, and the environment” (Stern Review, p. 84).

Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability, and Sustainable Tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 1669-1687
Author(s):  
Kijpokin Kasemsap
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Tourism

This chapter reveals the overview of sustainability; the overview of environmental sustainability; environmental sustainability and climate change; environmental sustainability, water resources, and energy consumption; and the overview of sustainable tourism. Sustainability is the important issue that attempts to bridge social science with civic engineering and environmental science with the technology of the future. Environmental sustainability is important because it ensures people have water and resources, and adopting its practices protects the environment and human health. Sustainable tourism is a growing segment of the global tourism industry that makes the positive contributions to the environmental, socio-cultural, and economic well-being of destinations and local communities around the world. Sustainability, environmental sustainability, and sustainable tourism are rooted in three issues that are considerably linked to fossil fuel depletion, climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions, and the increasing costs of energy and water.

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