HIV Infection and AIDS

The Brigham Intensive Review of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780199358274.003.0002 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 8-17

Author(s):

Rebeca M. Plank ◽

Paul E. Sax

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Medical Care ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Patient Health ◽

The Individual

Internists often provide medical care both to patients with as yet undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to those with known infection. Through early diagnosis and management of patients with HIV infection, physicians can significantly impact both individual patient health and public health. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of patients with HIV are crucial for the health of the individual and for the public's health, as those with known HIV infection can take measures to avoid transmitting the virus to others.

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Gynaecomastia, hyperprolactinaemia and HIV infection

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1258/0004563054255542 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 301-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sashi Acharya ◽

J J Rufus Fernando ◽

Rousseau Gama

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Serum Prolactin ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Seropositive ◽

Endocrine Complications

Endocrine complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its treatment are being increasingly recognized. We discuss the diagnosis and management of an HIV seropositive man who presented with bilateral gynaecomastia and 'hyperprolactinaemia' due to macroprolactin within six months of starting antiretroviral therapy. We suggest that the gynaecomastia may be a feature of immune reconstitution disease. Measurement of serum prolactin in the investigation of gynaecomastia should be reserved for those with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Since macroprolactin contributes to circulating prolactin in HIV-seropositive subjects, hyperprolactinaemic samples in these patients should be tested for macroprolactin.

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Improving access to care for people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in low- and middle-income countries: Providing HIV treatment closer to patient's homes compared to more centralised treatment. Summary of the evidence and implications for public health programmes

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health ◽

10.1016/j.cegh.2013.07.004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 87-93

Author(s):

Thambu David Sudarsanam ◽

Prathap Tharyan

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv Treatment ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Treatment Summary ◽

Public Health Programmes ◽

Health Programmes

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Late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infections in high-risk groups in Karachi, Pakistan

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462418785264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (14) ◽

pp. 1400-1406

Author(s):

Zahra Hasan ◽

Sharaf Shah ◽

Rumina Hasan ◽

Shoaib Rao ◽

Manzoor Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

High Risk ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevalence in Pakistan has been increasing in high-risk groups, including people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender hijra sex workers (TG-HSWs) nationwide. Effective control of HIV requires early diagnosis of the infection. We investigated recency of HIV infections in newly-diagnosed cases in PWID and TG-HSWs. This was an observational study with convenience sampling. Overall, 210 HIV-positive subjects comprising an equal number of PWID and TG-HSWs were included. Antibody avidity was tested using the Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity (LAg) EIA (Maxim Biomedical, Inc. Rockville, Maryland, USA). The mean age of study subjects was 29.5 years: PWID, 28.5 years and TG-HSWs, 30.4 years. Study subjects were married, 27%, or unmarried. Eighteen percent of individuals had recently-acquired HIV infections: 19% of PWID and 17% of TG-HSWs. Eighty-two percent of individuals had long-term HIV infections: 81% of PWID and 83% of TG-HSWs. This is the first study identification of recent HIV-1 infections in Pakistan. We show that most newly-diagnosed HIV patients in the high-risk groups studied had long-term infections. There is an urgent need for intervention in these groups to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection to reduce transmission in Pakistan.

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Knowledge and Awareness of Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Mobile App-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Missed Public Health Opportunity

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofv016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron J. Siegler ◽

Travis Sanchez ◽

R. Craig Sineath ◽

Jeremy Grey ◽

Erin Kahle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Online Survey ◽

Mobile App ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract In a national online survey, we assessed awareness and knowledge of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection manifestation among 1748 men who have sex with men (MSM). Only 39% of respondents were aware that acute HIV infection may be accompanied by symptoms. Education and increased access to acute HIV testing may facilitate MSM to appropriately seek acute HIV testing.

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Podiatric manifestations of AIDS

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/87507315-80-1-15 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S Burns

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Dermatologic, vascular, neurologic, and musculoskeletal complications are common among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These manifestations frequently involve the lower extremities and may be the initial presenting symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is important that practitioners of podiatric medicine be aware of these syndromes to facilitate early diagnosis of AIDS and to provide the best possible care for immunodeficient patients. The author provides a review of the manifestations of AIDS frequently encountered in podiatric practice, along with guidelines for treatment.

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Detection of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) That Recognize Conformational Epitopes of Glycoproteins 160 and 41 Often Allows for Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/341661 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 186 (3) ◽

pp. 321-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jianmin Chen ◽

Liqiang Wang ◽

Jenny J.‐Y. Chen ◽

Gautam K. Sahu ◽

Stephen Tyring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Conformational Epitopes ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

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Implementation and Access to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Men Who Have Sex With Men in Europe

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.722247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Sepodes ◽

João Rocha ◽

Jorge Batista ◽

Maria-Eduardo Figueira ◽

František Dráfi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

The United States ◽

World Health ◽

European Economic Area ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a significant public health intervention with proven efficacy and safety in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which has taken a considerable amount of time to reach Europe in relation to their transatlantic counterparts, namely, the United States of America (USA). There, it is perceived as being an essential prevention tool to be integrated within existing medical, behavioral and structural interventions in place for the management and containment of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). In a region such as Europe, with approximately double the USA population, it is estimated that not even 10% have proper access to PrEP, and given the lack of coordination with healthcare, taking PrEP has to be at their own expense. Here, we identify the reasons behind the 4-year lag in the approval of PrEP in the European Union/European Economic Area (and Europe in general) and explore the efficacy and effectiveness of PrEP needed to be confirmed with some implementation or demonstration studies conducted in the region. Independent of the data gathered, access of MSM to PrEP is far from ideal in Europe and much still needs to be done. The demonstration of the cost-effectiveness of PrEP alongside other social and behavioral factors needs to be addressed, while the clear populations within MSM that will benefit from this intervention are properly identified and make use of the latest recommendations of the World Health Organization that consider not only daily PrEP but also event-driven PrEP. The momentum for the proper implementation of PrEP in the EU is not lost, and with the existence of generics and even new formulations, there is a renewed opportunity for unleashing the public health benefits arising from this pharmacological tool with other interventions in place (e.g., condoms, testing, and counseling).

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