Urinary Tract Infections

Flank Pain ◽

Recent Onset ◽

Significant Bacteriuria ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Abnormal Urinary Tract

There are several terms important to a discussion of urinary tract infection (UTI). Bacteriuria is bacteria in the urine. Significant bacteriuria is at least 105 bacteria/mL of voided urine. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteria in the urine without symptoms associated with urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infection is bacteriuria (or funguria) and symptoms associated with upper UTI or lower UTI (or both). UTI s are sometimes characterized as asymptomatic or symptomatic, in which case asymptomatic UTI is synonymous with asymptomatic significant bacteriuria. Uncomplicated UTI is infection of a physiologically and anatomically normal urinary tract. Complicated UTI is infection of a physiologically or anatomically abnormal urinary tract. Cystitis is lower UTI typically associated with urinary frequency, dysuria, or urgency. Acute pyelonephritis is upper UTI of recent onset with renal involvement, often associated with fever, chills, flank pain, or nausea. Diagnosis and treatment of specific infections are also reviewed.

ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN PREGNANCY AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA

10.36106/ijsr/0501251 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Spriha Smriti ◽

R.K Srivastava ◽

N.P Sahu

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Common Species ◽

Microbial Colonization ◽

Urine Specimen ◽

Age Group ◽

Significant Bacteriuria ◽

Introduction- Urinary tract infections refers to both microbial colonization of urine and tissue invasion of any structure of urinary tract. ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA (ASB) is a condition in which urine culture reveals significant growth of pathogens that is greater than 1,00,000 bacteria/ml of urine but not showing symptoms of urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria may be of significance or to doubtful significance or of no significance depending on number of bacteria present in urine. ASB is more common in women. Material and Method- The present study was conducted on 200 pregnant women without any symptoms of urinary tract infection attending Obs & Gynae department of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand. It was conducted between August 2013 to December 2014. Urine specimen should be cultured for isolation of the common agents of UTI. The urine should be mixed thoroughly before plating. The plates are inoculated using a calibrated loop designed to deliver a known volume either 0.01 or 0.001 ml. Choice of media to inoculate depends on patient served and microbiologist preference, usually MacConkey Agar and 5% Blood Agar were used. In recent years a selective media CLED (Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient) agar is used. This media is selective for urinary pathogens cultured plates are incubated at 37⁰C for 24 hrs. Colony count is done>100000/ml of CFU was taken as significant bacteriuria. Kirby Baeur disc diffusion is used for sensitivity test. Result – Asymtomatic bacteriuria is seen in 7.5% cases. It is more common in age group 20- 30 yrs age group and in second trimester of pregnancy. Most common species isolated was E.coli followed by Klebsiella species.Discussion- The percentage of ASB in the present study (7.5%) correlates with the studies of Lavanya SV et al 2002 (8.4%) CA Turpin et al 2007 (7.3%) & R. Sujata et al 2012 (7.3%).In this study, culture positivity with significant bacteriuria was highest in age group 20-30 yrs (73.34%). In 2011 study done by Dr. Rajshekhar maximum incidence was seen in 20-30 yrs age (57.57%).

Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Care Bundle to Improve the Management of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Urinary Tract Infection

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2016.199 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 1499-1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Curtis D. Collins ◽

Jared J. Kabara ◽

Sarah M. Michienzi ◽

Anurag N. Malani

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Care Bundle ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship Program ◽

Stewardship Program ◽

Bundle Compliance ◽

Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program bundle for urinary tract infections among 92 patients led to a higher rate of discontinuation of therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria (52.4% vs 12.5%; P =.004), more appropriate durations of therapy (88.7% vs 63.6%; P =.001), and significantly higher overall bundle compliance (75% vs 38.2%; P < .001).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1499–1501

Fever

Acute Care Casebook ◽

10.1093/med/9780190865412.003.0044 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 217-220

Author(s):

Glenn Patriquin

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Common Causes ◽

Criteria For Diagnosis ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

Specific Symptoms ◽

Growth Of Bacteria

This case illustrates one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in a patient who is admitted to hospital. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) can be prevented by eliminating unnecessary urinary catheter use. Furthermore, non-specific symptoms are frequently erroneously attributed to a presumed urinary tract infection (UTI) upon isolating bacteria from a urine sample. Except for a few specific circumstances, asymptomatic bacteriuria should not be treated with antibiotics. Without symptoms consistent with UTI, growth of bacteria from urine does not constitute an infection. Culturing urine without UTI symptoms can lead to misuse of antibiotics, which can increase adverse events and drive antimicrobial resistance. This case reviews common causes of UTIs and criteria for diagnosis.

Microbiological profile of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria recovered from female patients with urinary tract infection

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22751 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

Una Jessica Sarker ◽

Md Sakil Munna ◽

Saurab Kishore Munshi

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Female Patients ◽

Medical College ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Dominant Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Spp

With the previous knowledge on the production of ?-lactamase by the bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infection, present study further investigated the presence of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria in female patients admitted into the Delta Medical College with suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs). The manifestation of uropathogens and their responses against locally available antibiotics (amoxicillin, 10 ?g; cephradin, 30 ?g; ciprofloxacin, 5 ?g; cotrimoxazole, 23.8 ?g; gentamicin, 10 ?g; nalidixic acid, 30 ?g) were inquired by means of conventional cultural techniques and double-disc diffusion methods, respectively. Among 110 urine samples collected from the patients with suspected UTI, 34 were found to be culture positive. Symptomatic (64.7%) and asymptomatic (36.3%) bacteriuria were noticed inside the puss cell of the UTI positive cases. Escherichia coli (73.5%) was the dominant bacteria while Klebsiella spp. (26.5%) was also exultant. Around 96% uropathogens were found to be sensitive against imipenem, and 75% against amikacin. E. coli was found to be sensitive against all of the antibiotics used, whereas Klebsiella spp. was found to be 100% resistant against nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22751 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 34-37

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal: A Cross-sectional Prospective Study

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v9i01.37973 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Shristi Raut ◽

Sulochana Khatiwada ◽

Narayan GC

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Significant Bacteriuria

INTRODUCTION Urinary tract of female undergoes tremendous changes during pregnancy which increases their risk of acquiring infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common entity among pregnant women which refers to significant bacteriuria (>105 bacteria per ml of urine) without any typical symptoms of urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can lead to various maternal and fetal complications if not detected and treated on time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Total 280 urine samples were collected in sterile universal containers from pregnant women not showing typical symptoms of urinary tract infection at the time of sample collection. Urine samples were inoculated in both MacConkey agar and Blood agar by semi quantitative culture method. Culture plates were reported after 24 hours of incubation at 370C. Bacteria isolated were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS Out of 280 urine cultures, 213 samples were sterile. Significant bacteriuria was seen in 25 cases (8.9%) followed by insignificant bacteriuria (20, 7.14%) and contamination (17, 6.10%). Highest number of cultures positive were in age group 21-30 years (19, 9.1%,). Out of 25 cases of significant bacteriuria, 60% were primigravida and 40% were multigravida. The most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli (10, 60%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (5, 40%). CONCLUSION Screening of all pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria is essential during their antenatal checkup. Escherichia coli is the commonest organism that cause asymptomatic bacteriuria. Appropriate antibiotic therapy is absolutely necessary for positive cases on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility result to prevent unwanted obstetric complications.

C - reactive protein and urinary tract infection due to Gram-negative bacteria in a pediatric population at a tertiary hospital, Mwanza, Tanzania

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v19i4.45 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 3217-3224

Author(s):

Martha F Mushi ◽

Vaileth G Alex ◽

Mwanaisha Seugendo ◽

Vitus Silago ◽

Stephen E Mshana

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Bacteriuria ◽

Introduction: Gram-negative bacteria are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in children. There is limited data on UTI systemic response as measured using C-reactive protein (CRP). Here, we report the association of CRP and UTI among children attending the Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2017. Urine and blood were collected and processed within an hour of collection. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13.Results: Of 250 enrolled children, 76(30.4%) had significant bacteriuria with 56(22.4%, 95%CI; 11.5-33.3) having gram-negative bacteria infection. There was dual growth of gram-negative bacteria in 3 patients. Escherichia coli (32.2%, 19/59) was the most frequently pathogen detected. A total of 88/250(35.2%) children had positive CRP on qualitative assay. By multinomial logistic regression, positive CRP (RRR=4.02, 95%CI: 2.1-7.7, P<0.001) and age ≤ 2years (RRR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.23-4.73, P<0.01) significantly predicted the presence of significant bacteriuria due to gram-negative enteric bacteria. Conclusion: C-reactive protein was significantly positive among children with UTI due to gram-negative bacteria and those with fever. In children with age ≤ 2 years, positive CRP indicates UTI due to gram-negative enteric bacteria.Keywords: C - reactive protein, urinary tract infection, Gram-negative bacteria, Mwanza, Tanzania.

Urinary Tract Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.87.5.746 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 746-746

Author(s):

ELLEN F. CRAIN ◽

JEFFREY C. GERSHEL

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Positive Urine ◽

In Reply.— Dr Roscelli calls attention to the 16 infants in our sample with positive urine cultures but negative urinalyses and admission diagnoses other than urinary tract infection (UTI). These patients, Dr Roscelli suggests, could have had asymptomatic bacteriuria with a different source for their fever. Although we doubt that these infants had asymptomatic bacteriuria, in theory it is possible that the bacteriuria was not the cause of the fever. However, as Dr Roscelli states, "at this time there no way to determine if the bacteriuria is causing the patient's fever or is simply an incidental finding."

Clinical and Therapeutic Treatment Approach Between Diabetes Mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss9.3339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 288-298

Author(s):

Larissa Amoroso da Silva ◽

Bianca Pereira Carnevali ◽

Rogério Rodrigo Ramos

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Organic Systems ◽

Multiple Origins ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic syndrome of multiple origins, caused by the insulin absence in the bloodstream and/or by the inability of insulin to adequately exert its effects, causing hyperglycemia and subsequent complications in the body's organic systems. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent due to the glucose increase in blood circulation and the impairment of cellular immunity, creating a favorable environment for the bacteria proliferation at the inflammation spots. This review describes the clinical and therapeutic aspects of diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection, with guidelines on glucose management in these events. A non-systematic review was carried out in the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Scielo, and Google Academic databases with the descriptors Diabetes mellitus, Urinary Tract Infection, Hyperglycemia, Bacteriuria, and Urinary Incontinence. The most relevant articles were selected. Pertinent clinical and therapeutic issues were discussed, covering the diabetes factors that contribute to the onset of UTI; urinary tract infection complications in patients with diabetes mellitus; asymptomatic bacteriuria, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence in people with diabetes; treatments for diabetes and urinary tract infection; and the relationship between glucose-lowering medications and UTI. Given the greater susceptibility of people with diabetes to acquire UTI, the combined insight into these diseases is crucial, both for better UTI prevention in diabetics and for the treatment of both.

Risk Indicators for Urinary Tract Infections in Low Risk Pregnancy and the Subsequent Risk of Preterm Birth

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10091055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1055

Author(s):

Dominique E. Werter ◽

Brenda M. Kazemier ◽

Caroline Schneeberger ◽

Ben W. J. Mol ◽

Christianne J. M. de Groot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Symptomatic urinary tract infections are associated with preterm birth. However, data on risk indicators for urinary tract infections are limited and outdated. The research is a secondary analysis. The study was a prospective multicenter cohort study of low-risk pregnant women. Logistic regression was used to identify risk indicators for urinary tract infections. The incidence of urinary tract infections was 9.4%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that a history of recurrent urinary tract infections and the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the present pregnancy were associated with urinary tract infections (resp. OR 3.14, 95%CI 1.40–7.02 and OR 1.96 95%CI 1.27–3.03). Women with a urinary tract infection were at increased risk of preterm birth compared to women without a urinary tract infection (12 vs. 5.1%; adjusted HR 2.5 95%CI 1.8–3.5). This increased risk was not found in women with the identified risk indicators (resp. 5.3% vs. 5.1%, adjusted HR 0.35 95%CI 0.00–420 and adjusted HR 1.5 95CI% 0.59–3.9). In conclusion, in low-risk pregnant women, risk indicators for urinary tract infections are: a history of recurrent urinary tract infections and the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. The risk of preterm birth is increased in women with a urinary tract infection in this pregnancy. However, women with recurrent urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria this pregnancy appear not to be at increased risk of preterm birth.

Evaluation of the Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite Urine Dipstick Screening Tests for Detection of Bacteriuria in Women with Suspected Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.37.9.3051-3052.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 3051-3052 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Heather Semeniuk ◽

Deirdre Church

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urine Dipstick ◽

Significant Bacteriuria ◽

Dipstick Urinalysis ◽

A positive dipstick urinalysis (i.e., leukocyte esterase test and/or nitrite test) did not reliably detect significant bacteriuria in 479 ambulatory women with suspected uncomplicated urinary tract infection; 18.9% of the urine samples that demonstrated significant bacteriuria would have been rejected by the laboratory based on a negative urinalysis screen.