The Depressive Position in Normal Emotional Development

2016 ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
Depressive Position ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual

This paper is Winnicott’s account of the Depressive Position as a normal stage in the development of healthy infants, an achievement mostly belonging to the weaning age. It does not mean healthy infants pass through a stage of depression. Emotionally unhealthy, depersonalized babies lack the preconditions for this achievement. The mother holds the situation in time, so that the baby may experience ‘excited’ relationships and meet the consequences. Integration in the child’s mind of the split between the child-care environment and the exciting environment (the two aspects of mother) depends on good-enough mothering and the mother’s survival. The baby experiences this while the mother is holding the situation and the infant realizes that the ‘quiet’ mother was involved in the full tide of instinctual experience, and has survived. Instinctual experience brings anxiety and guilt but clinically children are sometimes without a sense of guilt, although they can go on to develop it. In the inner world of the individual who has achieved the depressive position there is on balance a reduced depressive mood and their reaction to loss is grief, or sadness. Where there is some degree of failure at the depressive position the result of loss is depression. The child who has reached the depressive position can get on with the problem of triangular interpersonal relationships: the classical Oedipus complex.

Metapsychological and Clinical Aspects of Regression Within the Psycho-Analytical Set-Up

2016 ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
True Self ◽  
Depressive Position ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fixation Points ◽  
The Individual

This paper deals with regression in psycho-analysis, and shows how regression implies the existence of an existing ego organization facing a threat of chaos. Psycho-analytic theory proposes unfavourable situations can create fixation points in the emotional development of the individual, but when there is an ‘environmental failure situation’ personal defences organized by the individual will require analysis. With a regressed patient the analytic setting represents the mother with her technique, and the patient is an infant. The regression is an organized return to early dependence. Progress from primary narcissism starts anew in analysis with the true self gradually able to meet the original environmental failure situations in the transference without the organization of the defences that involve a false self protecting it. Psychotic illness can only be relieved by specialized environmental provision by the analyst with the patient’s ‘regression to dependence’ - Winnicott’s own term - and with due sense of the risk involved. With the regressed patient the word need, not wish, is correct. There are no reasons an analyst should want a patient to regress (except for grossly pathological reasons). The psycho-analyst familiar with psychoneurosis can find it difficult to understand regression and the theoretical implication of the patient’s expectations that belong to the need to regress. On recovery from regression the patient will then need ordinary analysis as designed for the management of the depressive position and of the Oedipus complex in interpersonal relationships.

The Manic Defence

2016 ◽  
pp. 359-374
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Depressive Position ◽  
The Individual

In his membership paper to the BPAS, Winnicott presents certain aspects of the manic defence and of its relations to the depressive position. The term ‘manic defence’ is intended to cover a person’s capacity to deny the depressive anxiety that is inherent in emotional development, anxiety that belongs to the capacity of the individual to feel guilt and also to acknowledge responsibility for instinctual experiences, and for the aggression in the fantasy that goes with such instinctual experiences.

FROM SEXUALITY TO GOVERNMENTALITY: THE OEDIPUS COMPLEX OF MICHEL FOUCAULT

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRANDON KONOVAL
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
The Individual

The figure of Oedipus haunted the thought of Michel Foucault from the outset of his tenure at the Collège de France, in association with several key philosophical and historical projects, and enduring until the conclusion of his career. However, it was with Foucault's account of an “Oedipus complex”—one that operated “not at the individual level but at the collective level; not in connection with desire and the unconscious but in connection with power and knowledge” (“Truth and Juridical Forms,” 1973)—that Foucault was able to enlist Oedipus for a genealogy of “sexuality” and, furthermore, of “governmentality,” such as would increasingly preoccupy him through the mid- to late 1970s. Foucault's attention to classical texts—in particular the Oedipus Tyrannos of Sophocles and the Republic of Plato—thereby helped to clear a critical pathway through the conventional Marxism embraced by the “repressive hypothesis,” and to arrive at a Nietzschean genealogy of sexuality and power.

Full Well Corrosion Insight – Case Studies in the Added Value of Electromagnetic Thickness Measurements During Well Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Imrie ◽  
Maciej Kozlowski ◽  
Omar Torky ◽  
Aditya Arie Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Metal Thickness ◽  
True Condition ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
The Individual

AbstractMonitoring pipe corrosion is one of the critical aspects in the well intervention. Such analysis is used to evaluate and justify any remedial actions, to prolong the longevity of the well. Typical corrosion evaluation methods of tubulars consist of multifinger caliper tools that provide high-resolution measurements of the internal condition of the pipe. Routinely, this data is then analyzed and interpreted with respect to the manufacture's nominal specification for each tubular. However, this requires assumptions on the outer diameter of the tubular may add uncertainty, and incorrectly calculate the true metal thicknesses. This paper will highlight cases where the integration of such tool and electromagnetic (EM) thickness data adds value in discovering the true condition of both the first tubular and outer casings.These case studies demonstrate the use of a multireceiver, multitransmitter electromagnetic (EM) metal thickness tool operating at multiple simultaneous frequencies. It is used to measure the individual wall thickness across multiple strings (up to five) and operates continuously, making measurements in the frequency domain. This tool was combined with a multifinger caliper to provide a complete and efficient single-trip diagnosis of the tubing and casing integrity. The combination of multifinger caliper and EM metal thickness tool results gives both internal and external corrosion as well as metal thickness of first and outer tubular strings.The paper highlights multiple case studies including; i) successfully detecting several areas of metal loss (up to greater than 32%) on the outer string, which correlated to areas of the mobile salt formation, ii) overlapping defects in two tubulars and, iii) cases where a multifinger caliper alone doesn't provide an accurate indication of the true wall thickness. The final case highlights the advantages of integrating multiple tubular integrity tools when determining the condition of the casing wall.Metal thickness tools operating on EM principles benefit from a slim outer diameter design that allows the tools to pass through restrictions which typically would prevent ultrasonic scanning thickness tools. Additionally, EM tools are unaffected by the type of fluid in the wellbore and not affected by any non-ferrous scale buildup that may present in the inside of the tubular wall. Combinability between complementary multifinger caliper technology and EM thickness results in two independent sensors to provide a complete assessment of the well architecture.

To Help or To Harm? Assessing the Impact of Envy on Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1156-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria C. Behler ◽  
Catherine S. J. Wall ◽  
Adriana Bos ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Neutral State ◽  
Harmful Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Two studies examined how envy influences prosocial and antisocial behavior. In Experiment 1, participants in an envious state (relative to a neutral state) were less helpful: They picked up fewer dropped pencils in their immediate vicinity. We expanded upon these findings by examining how envy affected both helping and harming behavior in a competitive scenario. In Experiment 2, individuals in envious or neutral states assigned puzzle tasks to another student in a prisoner’s dilemma style scenario. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed via the difficulty of the assigned puzzles (easy puzzles were considered helpful and difficult puzzles were harmful). We hypothesized that experiencing envy would result in greater motive to harm as well as greater likelihood of engaging in harmful behavior. The hypothesis was supported, suggesting that envy has detrimental ramifications that go beyond the individual and extend to interpersonal relationships.

Attachment Theory and Brief Psychotherapy: Applying Current Research to Clinical Interventions

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm West ◽  
Adreenne Sheldon ◽  
Linda Redtfer
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Brief Psychotherapy ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Attachment Relationships ◽  
Attachment Research ◽  
Representational Model ◽  
The Individual

Recent advances in attachment research provide a framework for defining the content and process of brief psychotherapy with adults. Attachment theory emphasizes a number of issues crucial to therapeutic work. Specifically, attachment relationships are enduring components of a individual's pattern of interpersonal behaviours. Functionally, attachment relationships address security needs. Insecure attachment arises from a representational model based on feared loss of the attachment figure, which predisposes the individual to have little confidence in the attachment figure's availability, responsiveness, and permanence. Behavioural responses to insecure attachment can lead to specific patterns of interpersonal relationships which, in turn, strengthen the representational model. Thus, a relatively stable, self-reinforcing system evolves and results in a consistent inability to experience security within attachment relationships. In this article, the authors describe the current framework for understanding adult attachment relationships and present clinical vignettes illustrating the saliency of attachment theory to common clinical presentations. The goal of the clinical intervention is defined as increasing the “permeability” of the individual's working model of attachment through affective and cognitive re-assessment of attachment experiences and expectations. Finally, the utility of this approach in evaluating the outcome and effectiveness of psychotherapy is highlighted.

scholarly journals Development of the cardinality principle in Macedonian preschool children

Psihologija ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Nikoloska
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual

Cardinality principle refers to the fact that the last number tag used in counting determines the cardinality of a set. Macedonian kindergarten children were tested with the give-a-number task for understanding of this principle. It was found that Macedonian children, unlike their western counterparts, pass through an additional stage, 5-knowers, before they master the cardinality principle. Also, the age at which they pass through the individual stages is somewhat higher than the age of children coming from western samples. Possible explanations are offered and discussed.

scholarly journals The patient with epilepsy and medicolegal aspects: a view for the neurologist

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 741-745
Author(s):  
Amur FERREIRA NETO SEGUNDO ◽  
Maren de Moraes e SILVA ◽  
Pilar Bueno Siqueira MERCER ◽  
Carolina REINERT ◽  
Emerson Faria BORGES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Employment Agreement ◽  
Antiepileptic Medication ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
The Individual ◽  
License Renewal ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ABSTRACT Patients with epilepsy face innumerable obstacles in daily life, related to work, permission to drive and interpersonal relationships, which require medical guidance. This paper reports a literature review based on scientific articles and civil and traffic system, as a way to resolve doubts about medical obligations in the patient’s permission to drive and work. An employment agreement requires the contractor to guarantee safety conditions as well as requiring the patient, at the pre-employment medical examination, to let the physician know previous medical conditions, including epilepsy. More than 90% of patients with epilepsy omit this information during the application assessment, thus being subject to imputation of ideological falsehood crime as disposied on article 299 of Brazilian Penal Code. Medical confidentiality breaches may only occur in specific situations. In Brazil, the authorization and driver’s license renewal is governed by the Brazilian Traffic Code (Federal Law n° 9503/1997). For patient evaluations, two groups are considered: those on antiepileptic medication and those on medication withdrawal. A favorable report from the attending physician is also required, in both categories. Seizures that occur exclusively during sleep, and focal aware events or prolonged aura are not differentiated from other seizure types disposed in the traffic law. It is the responsibility of the attending physician to analyze each patient individually to resolve conflicts between public safety and the individual patient’s independence. A frank and honest doctor-patient relationship is essential for the patient to understand the public and individual consequences of epileptic seizures and to feel comfortable seeking medical help.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes of biological condition and reproductive cycle of hampback shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus (Caridea, Pandalidae) in the Tatar Strait

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560
Author(s):  
D. N. Yuriev ◽  
G. V. Zhukovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Biological Condition ◽  
Tatar Strait ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Trawl Catches

Research and commercial trawl catches of humpback shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus from the Tatar Strait (Japan Sea) in 2004–2020 were investigated, with bioanalysis of about 45 thousand specimens. Average timing of group molting, spawning, and eggs laying are determined, terms of gonads and eggs development are estimated. Prespawning and molting of the females occur between January-April, with the peaks in early February and middle February, respectively. All oviparous females have 30–40 days to lay eggs, and molt during 50–55 days; the peak of the eggs laying occurs in late June. The males molt in July-August, afterwards the largest individuals change gender and new intersexes are formed. The males have the second molting in October-December, with the peak in late November. In January, after finish of the males molting, a new annual reproduction cycle starts from the prespawning molting of females. Both vitellogenesis and embryogenesis are observed through the year, though females with developing gonads prevail from August to January (because of a long time span between winter and summer moltings while the egg carrying continued 15 months) but oviparous females — from February to July. The individual reproductive cycle of Pandalus hypsinotus in the Tatar Strait lasts 24 months, with 9 months of vitellogenesis (quick growth of gonads) and 15 months of embryogenesis. During the 2-year reproductive cycle, most of females pass through the following stages: i) gonads development (just after eggs laying) when almost all oviparous females (up to 95 % in May) have green gonads under carapace that corresponds to the stage of development «eggs laid — gonads weakly developed»; ii) summer molting from August when females lose hairs on pleopods and the gonads growth accelerates; iii) respawning in January-March (together with the firstly spawning intersexes, with slight delay of the latter); iv) initial developing of eggs during summer; v) stage of «eyed eggs» from December to March; and vi) eggs laying and molting from late March to late May; then the 2-year reproductive cycle repeats.

scholarly journals Análisis Del Código Emocional En Los Estudiantes De La Escuela De Ingeniería En Marketing Para Determinar Al Arquetipo Predominante/Analysis of the Emotional Code in the Students of the School of Engineering in Marketing to Determine the Predominant Arch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Antonio Vasco Vasco ◽  
Oscar Parada Gutierrez ◽  
Juan Carlos Montufar Guevara ◽  
Diana Carolina García Mayorga
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Collective Unconscious ◽  
World Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Research Show

Este proyecto investigativo se realizó con el fin de analizar el arquetipo predominante en los estudiantes de Octavo y noveno semestre de la Escuela de Marketing de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, mediante este análisis se identificó el modelo de comunicación que tienen cada uno de los estudiantes con su modelo del mundo característico, los arquetipos aunque no muy populares en un analisis de comportamiento son una herramienta indispensable para la definir la personalidad de los individuos en un contexto determinado y su desenvolvimiento en la sociedad de acuerdo a sus códigos emocionales. El presente estudio busca determinar los arquetipos en los estudiantes de marketing. Se realizaron 41 test con preguntas específicas en temas de aprendizaje, comunicación, relaciones interpersonales, modo de trabajo, flexibilidad mental, entre otros. Se presentó mucho interés en los estudiantes para realizar la entrevista y para identificar algunas características que se encuentran en su inconsciente colectivo. Los principales resultados de la investigación muestran el arquetipo predominante en los estudiantes de la Escuela de Ingeniería en Marketing de la ESPOCH con relación a sus códigos emocionales, que enfoca las características individuales de las personas y sus emociones privadas contenidas. This research project was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the predominant archetype in the students of Eighth and Ninth Semester of the School of Marketing of the Polytechnical Superior School of Chimborazo, through this analysis the model of communication that each one of the students has identified was identified With its characteristic world model, the archetypes, although not very popular in a behavior analysis, are an indispensable tool for defining the personality of individuals in a given context and their development in society according to their emotional codes. The present study seeks to determine the archetypes in marketing students. 42 tests were conducted with specific questions on topics of learning, communication, interpersonal relationships, work mode, mental flexibility, among others. There was a lot of interest in the students to conduct the interview and to identify some characteristics that are found in their collective unconscious. The main results of the research show the predominant archetype in the students of the School of Engineering in Marketing of the ESPOCH in relation to their emotional codes, which focuses on the individual characteristics of the people and their contained private emotions. Palabras claves: Arquetipo, comportamiento, personalidad, relaciones interpersonales. Keywords: Archetype, behavior, personality, interpersonal relationships.

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