Encephalitozoon intestinalis: A new target for auranofin in a mice model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I F Abou-El-Naga ◽  
M R Gaafar ◽  
M M Gomaa ◽  
S I Khedr ◽  
S N El Achy
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
Spore Shedding ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Spore Load

Abstract Despite the fact that many approaches have been developed over years to find efficient and well-tolerated therapeutic regimens for microsporidiosis, the effectiveness of current drugs remains doubtful, and effective drugs against specific targets are still scarce. The present study is the first that was designed to evaluate the potency of auranofin, an anti-rheumatoid FDA approved drug, against intestinal Encephalitozoon intestinalis. Evaluation of the drug was achieved through counting of fecal and intestinal spores, studying the intestinal histopathological changes, measuring of intestinal hydrogen peroxide level, and post therapy follow-up of mice for 2 weeks for detection of relapse. Results showed that auranofin has promising anti-microsporidia potential. It showed a promising efficacy in mice experimentally infected with E. intestinalis. It has revealed an obvious reduction in fecal spore shedding and intestinal tissue spore load, amelioration of intestinal tissue pathological changes, and improvement of the local inflammatory infiltration without significant changes in hydrogen peroxide level. Interestingly, auranofin prevented the relapse of infection. Thus, considering the results of the present work, auranofin could be considered a therapeutic alternative for the gold standard drug ‘albendazole’ against the intestinal E. intestinalis infection especially in relapsing cases.

Antipyretic activity of the root extracts of Desmodium Gangeticum

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Raja Sheker K ◽  
Naveen B ◽  
Anil kumar A ◽  
Abhilash G
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Drugs

Fevers are considered as the most important parameters to evaluate and diagnose most of the disease conditions like inflammations, wounds and other infections. There are effective drugs that treat and control the fevers out of which NSAID's are most important ones. They cause notable side effects like gastric ulcers, gastric mucosal perforations etc. which make the use of those drugs limited. Herbs are used to treat various diseases, starting from the evolution of the human race. During this, herbs had been introduced to many types of tests and scientific investigations to prove the activities that herbs possess. The diseases that the herbs are used for are notable in the medical systems like Ayurveda and other systems. The need for the validation of the activities of the herbs and medicinal plants is utmost important these days. The extracts of the plant leaves of Desmodium gangeticum were extracted with ethanol and then investigated for the antipyretic activity in yeast induced pyretic method. The extract was tested in two doses 200 and 400mg/kg. This was found significant when compared to the standard drug.

scholarly journals Analgesic, Antidiarrheal and Antidepressant Activities of Anethum sowa Linn. in Swiss-Albino Mice Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullah Al Mansur ◽  
M Mahboob Ali Siddiqi ◽  
Koushik Saha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anethum Sowa

The hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DCME), ethyl acetate (EAE) and methanol (ME) extracts of seed and stem of Anethum sowa were subjected to screenings for analgesic, anti-diarrheal and anti-depressant activities. The peripheral and central analgesic actions were determined by using formalin-induced writhing test and tail immersion method. The DCME extract of stem, at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, significantly reduced the number of writhing movements whereas the methanol extract of seed at the same dose exhibited remarkable analgesic activity in tail immersion method. In castor oil induced anti-diarrheal assay, the ethyl acetate extract of stem, at 400 mg/kg body weight, exhibited significant anti-diarrheal effect. In addition, significant anti-depressant activity was observed at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight as compared to the standard drug in case of HE extract of stem.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 1-6, 2018

scholarly journals Bioactivities of Stixis suaveolens (Roxb.) Fruit Extract: An Evaluation in Mice Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
Tufael Ahmed ◽  
Hajera Khatun ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The fruits of Stixis suaveolens (Roxb.) have been a popular folk medicine among traditional practitioners. However, there are questions about its traditional uses due to lack of scientific evidence. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of crude methanol extract of fruits of S. suaveolens in mice model. The central and peripheral analgesic activity were evaluated using the ‘tail flick’ and ‘writhing’ assay respectively. The anti-hyperglycemic potential was assessed by the ability of the crude extract in reducing blood glucose level in mice after oral administration of glucose. Oral administration (400 mg/kg bw) of the extract showed significant (p<0.001) delay in pain sensation and inhibition of acetic acid induced writhing response in mice model. The results were compared with the respective standard morphine (2 mg/kg bw) and diclofenac (50 mg/kg bw). Likewise, in anti-hyperglycemic assay, maximum reduction (p<0.001) of blood glucose level (39.6%) was observed 120 min after oral intake (400 mg/kg bw) of the extract as compared that exhibited by the standard drug, glibenclamide (46.83%). The in vivo bioassays confirmed that the crude methanolic extract of fruits of S. suaveolens possesses significant central- and peripheral-analgesic as well as anti-hyperglycemic activities. These findings justify its popularity as a traditional medicine and hence demands future study involving isolation and characterization of its bioactive compounds. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(2): 135-140, 2020

Efficacy of a Sanitizer and Disinfectants To Inactivate Encephalitozoon intestinalis Spores

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
YNES R. ORTEGA ◽  
MARIA P. TORRES ◽  
SIARA VAN EXEL ◽  
LAUREN MOSS ◽  
VITALIANO CAMA
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Dimethyl Benzyl ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium

The order Microsporidia contains a number of ubiquitous pathogens that can infect various animals, including humans. Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis have been associated with gastrointestinal illness in humans. The effect of four disinfectants—ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and two commercial disinfectants containing peroxyacetic acid (Tsunami) and N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Timsen)—on E. intestinalis spores was examined using exposure times of 1, 5, and 15 min. Spore viability was determined in vitro with RK-13 cells. Hydrogen peroxide was most efficient at inactivating microsporidial spores at all tested concentrations and treatment times, whereas ammonium hydroxide was effective only at the highest concentration at all exposure times. Tsunami (40 μg/ml) and Timsen (200 and 400 ppm) could inactivate spores when incubated for 5 and 15 min.

Tooth bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and nano-hydroxyapatite: a 9-month follow-up randomized clinical trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vano ◽  
G Derchi ◽  
A Barone ◽  
A Genovesi ◽  
U Covani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Tooth Bleaching

Treatment of Mixed Anxiety-Depression Disorder: Long-Term Outcome

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Echeburúa ◽  
Karmele Salaberría ◽  
Paz de Corral ◽  
Raúl Cenea ◽  
Tomás Berasategui
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Depression Disorder

The aim of this paper was to test the long-term contribution of cognitive-behavioural therapy to the treatment of mixed anxiety-depression disorder. Fifty-seven patients, selected according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, were assigned to: 1) cognitive-behavioural therapy; 2) combined therapy (drug and cognitive-behavioural therapy); or 3) a standard drug therapy control group. A multigroup experimental design with repeated measures of assessment (pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3-, 6- and 12 month follow-ups) was used. Most patients who were treated (71%) in experimental groups showed significant improvement at the 12-month follow-up, but there were no differences between the two therapeutic modes. No improvement was shown by the control-group participants at the 6-month follow-up. The results of the present trial do not support the beneficial effects of drug therapy by itself for this disorder. Finally, several topics that may contribute to future research in this field are discussed.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Effectiveness of Carvacrol, Thymol and Linalool against Leishmania infantum

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Youssefi ◽  
Elham Moghaddas ◽  
Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini Tabari ◽  
Ali Akbar Moghadamnia ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Effective Drugs

Background: One of the most important causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is Leishmania infantum, which is mainly spread by Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sandflies in the Old and New World, respectively. Novel and effective drugs to manage this neglected vector-borne disease are urgently required. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of carvacrol, thymol and linalool, three common essential oil constituents, on amastigotes and promastigotes of L. infantum. Methods: in vitro experiments were performed by 24 h MTT assay. Carvacrol, thymol and linalool at concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 10 μg/mL were tested on promastigotes of L. infantum. For in vivo test, two groups of hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) received 100 mg/kg of body weight/day of carvacrol and thymol as intraperitoneal injection on day 7 post-infection, followed by a 48 h later injection. The third group was treated with the glucantime as standard drug (500 mg/kg) and the last group (control) just received normal saline. On the 16th day, the number of parasites and histopathological changes in liver and spleen were investigated. Results: 24 h MTT assay showed promising antileishmanial activity of thymol and carvacrol, with IC50 values of 7.2 (48 μM) and 9.8 μg/mL (65 μM), respectively. Linalool at all concentrations did not affect L. infantum promastigote viability. In vivo toxicity data of carvacrol and thymol showed that the former at 100 mg/kg was the safest and most effective treatment with little side effects on the liver. Conclusions: Overall, thymol and carvacrol are highly promising candidates for the development of effective and safe drugs in the fight against VL.

scholarly journals Indications and Use of Hydrogen Peroxide during Microvascular Flap Reconstruction Surgery: A Literature and Procedural Use Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. e23-e25
Author(s):  
E. Rodriguez-Collazo ◽  
D. Riddle ◽  
K. Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Flap Reconstruction ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Reconstruction Surgery ◽  
Microvascular Flap ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

AbstractMicrovascular flap reconstruction surgery is a limb preservation procedure performed in an effort to maintain the integrity of the lower limb and avoid amputations. Individuals facing the prospect of amputation often have long-term diabetes with multiple comorbidities, including severe peripheral vascular disease; peripheral arterial disease; chronic ulcerations; and Charcot arthropathy. Long-term clinical research has shown that these patients are at much higher risk for secondary amputations after a first amputation is performed. According to Sohn et al, Charcot and ulcer groups had 4.1 and 4.7 amputations per 100 person-years, respectively. In patients younger than 65 years old at the end of follow-up, amputation risk, relative to patients with Charcot alone, was 7 times higher for patients with ulcer alone and 12 times higher for patients with Charcot and ulcer. Patients with infected hardware, suffering from acute ulcerative conditions, may also be candidates for this type of surgery due to extensive tissue loss secondary to infection. Microvascular flap reconstruction surgery is a highly technical surgery involving the use of orthoplastic techniques, which is performed under ×3.5 loupe magnification. Due to the inability to perform this procedure with the use of a tourniquet, visibility within the field is obfuscated from continuous blood flow along the dissected muscle belly. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an excellent alternative to tourniquet use. The use of H2O2 allows additional benefits, such as visual field clearance and antisepsis.

Teeth bleaching with low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (6%) and catalyzed by LED blue (450 ± 10 nm) and laser infrared (808 ± 10 nm) light for in-office treatment: Randomized clinical trial 1-year follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Vildósola ◽  
Jessica Bottner ◽  
Francisca Avalos ◽  
Isidora Godoy ◽  
Javier Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Low Concentrations

scholarly journals The Effect of Implant Origin Differences on Peritoneal Endometriosis in an Endometriosis Mouse Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Sri Andarini ◽  
I Wayan Arsan Wiyasa ◽  
Umi Kulsum ◽  
Noerhamdani Noerhamdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Peritoneal Endometriosis ◽  
Group B

Objectives: This study aimed to observe the difference in the area of endometriosis lesions and the histopathology of inflammatory cells and granuloma masses in an endometriosis mouse model treated with endometrial cell implants, endometrioma capsules, and adenomyosis tissue. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study with posttest-only research design which was conducted with the control group. Thirty-two mice (Mus musculus) were injected with 0.2 mL/mice cyclosporin A and then were divided into three groups which were injected with endometrial tissue from the uterine cavity (group A), endometriosis from endometrioma capsule (group B), and endometriosis from adenomyosis (group C). The injection was done slowly into the peritoneal cavity, 0.1 mL each, and followed by intramuscularly Ethinyl estradiol, 0.2 μG/mice. On the 15th days, mice were dissected to observe the peritoneal endometriosis implant and microscopic examination with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to determine the inflammatory cell infiltration and mass granuloma presence. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19. Results: The study obtained that the area of implanted endometriosis lesions in group C covered a larger area of endometriosis implants than other groups (P < 0.05). The peritoneal damage in group C was the most severe based on the Klopfleisch method (P < 0.05), with mass granuloma and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrous connective tissue formation occurring in muscle tissue. Conclusions: The implantation of adenomyosis cell tissue is the best method to develop mice model of endometriosis based on its inflammatory infiltration, the extent of lesion implant, and granuloma mass

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