scholarly journals A machine learning approach for classification of accretion states of black hole binaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (1) ◽  
pp. 1334-1343
Author(s):  
H Sreehari ◽  
Anuj Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

ABSTRACT In this paper, we employ Machine Learning algorithms on multimission observations for the classification of accretion states of outbursting black hole X-ray binaries for the first time. Archival data from RXTE, Swift, MAXI, and AstroSat observatories are used to generate the hardness intensity diagrams (HIDs) for outbursts of the sources XTE J1859+226 (1999 outburst), GX 339−4 (2002, 2004, 2007, and 2010 outbursts), IGR J17091−3624 (2016 outburst), and MAXI J1535−571 (2017 outburst). Based on variation of X-ray flux, hardness ratios, presence of various types of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), photon indices, and disc temperature, we apply clustering algorithms like K-Means clustering and Hierarchical clustering to classify the accretion states (clusters) of each outburst. As multiple parameters are involved in the classification process, we show that clustering algorithms club together the observations of similar characteristics more efficiently than the ‘standard’ method of classification. We also infer that K-Means clustering provides more reliable results than Hierarchical clustering. We demonstrate the importance of the classification based on machine learning by comparing it with results from ‘standard’ classification.

scholarly journals A Machine Learning Approach to Study Glycosidase Activities from Bifidobacterium

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Carlos Sabater ◽  
Lorena Ruiz ◽  
Abelardo Margolles
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides

This study aimed to recover metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from human fecal samples to characterize the glycosidase profiles of Bifidobacterium species exposed to different prebiotic oligosaccharides (galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides and human milk oligosaccharides, HMOs) as well as high-fiber diets. A total of 1806 MAGs were recovered from 487 infant and adult metagenomes. Unsupervised and supervised classification of glycosidases codified in MAGs using machine-learning algorithms allowed establishing characteristic hydrolytic profiles for B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum and B. pseudocatenulatum, yielding classification rates above 90%. Glycosidase families GH5 44, GH32, and GH110 were characteristic of B. bifidum. The presence or absence of GH1, GH2, GH5 and GH20 was characteristic of B. adolescentis, B. breve and B. pseudocatenulatum, while families GH1 and GH30 were relevant in MAGs from B. longum. These characteristic profiles allowed discriminating bifidobacteria regardless of prebiotic exposure. Correlation analysis of glycosidase activities suggests strong associations between glycosidase families comprising HMOs-degrading enzymes, which are often found in MAGs from the same species. Mathematical models here proposed may contribute to a better understanding of the carbohydrate metabolism of some common bifidobacteria species and could be extrapolated to other microorganisms of interest in future studies.

scholarly journals A Machine Learning Approach For Classifying Low-mass X-ray Binaries Based On Their Compact Object Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pattnaik ◽  
K Sharma ◽  
K Alabarta ◽  
D Altamirano ◽  
M Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Compact Object ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
X Ray Binaries

Abstract Low Mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are binary systems where one of the components is either a black hole or a neutron star and the other is a less massive star. It is challenging to unambiguously determine whether a LMXB hosts a black hole or a neutron star. In the last few decades, multiple observational works have tried, with different levels of success, to address this problem. In this paper, we explore the use of machine learning to tackle this observational challenge. We train a random forest classifier to identify the type of compact object using the energy spectrum in the energy range 5-25 keV obtained from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer archive. We report an average accuracy of 87±13% in classifying the spectra of LMXB sources. We further use the trained model for predicting the classes for LMXB systems with unknown or ambiguous classification. With the ever-increasing volume of astronomical data in the X-ray domain from present and upcoming missions (e.g., SWIFT, XMM-Newton, XARM, ATHENA, NICER), such methods can be extremely useful for faster and robust classification of X-ray sources and can also be deployed as part of the data reduction pipeline.

scholarly journals A Survey on Cardiovascular Prediction using Variant Machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
L. Chandrika ◽  
K. Madhavi ◽  
B. Sindhuja ◽  
M. Arshi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

Prediction of a cardiovascular diseases has always a tedious challenge for doctors and medical practitioners. Most of the practitioners and hospital staff offers expensive medication, care and surgeries to treat the cardiovascular patients. At early-stage of prediction of heart-oriented problems will be giving a chance of survival by taking necessary precautions. Over the years there are different types of methodologies were proposed to predict the cardiovascular diseases one of the best methodologies is a Machine learning approach. These years many scientific advancements take place in the Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, and Deep learning which gives an extra push up to help and implement the path in the field of medical image processing and medical data analysis. By using the enormous dataset from various medical experts used to help the researchers to predict the coronary problems prior to happening. Many researchers have tried and implemented different machine learning algorithms to automate the prediction analysis using the enormous number of datasets. There are numerous algorithms and procedures to predict the cardiovascular diseases and accessible to be specific Classification methods including Artificial Neural Networks (AI), Decision tree (DT), Support vector machine (SVM), Genetic algorithm (GA), Neural network (NN), Naive Bayes (NB) and Clustering algorithms like K-NN. A few examinations have been done for creating expectation models utilizing singular procedures and additionally concatenating at least two strategies. This paper gives a speedy and simple survey and knowledge of approachable prediction models using different researchers work from 2004 to 2019. The examination indicates the precision of individual experiments done by various researchers.

Automated Classification of Postural Control for Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease Using a Machine Learning Approach: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Yumeng Li ◽  
Shuqi Zhang ◽  
Christina Odeh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Control Patterns

The purposes of the study were (1) to compare postural sway between participants with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy controls and (2) to develop and validate an automated classification of PD postural control patterns using a machine learning approach. A total of 9 participants in the early stage of PD and 12 healthy controls were recruited. Participants were instructed to stand on a force plate and maintain stillness for 2 minutes with eyes open and eyes closed. The center of pressure data were collected at 50 Hz. Linear displacements, standard deviations, total distances, sway areas, and multiscale entropy of center of pressure were calculated and compared using mixed-model analysis of variance. Five supervised machine learning algorithms (ie, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, Naïve Bayes, decision trees, and random forest) were used to classify PD postural control patterns. Participants with PD exhibited greater center of pressure sway and variability compared with controls. The K-nearest neighbor method exhibited the best prediction performance with an accuracy rate of up to 0.86. In conclusion, participants with PD exhibited impaired postural stability and their postural sway features could be identified by machine learning algorithms.

scholarly journals A Prediction of Corona Disease Transmission Using A Traditional Machine Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 447-452
Author(s):  
Chandran Venkatesan ◽  
Elakkiya Balan ◽  
Sumithra M G ◽  
Karthick A ◽  
Jayarajan V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Bayes Algorithm

In this current scenario, covid pandemic breaks analysis is becoming popular among the researchers. The various data sources from the different countries analyzed to predict the possibility of coronavirus transition from one person to another person. The datasets are not providing more information about the causes of the corona. Many authors provided the solution by using chest X-ray and CT images to predict the corona. In this paper, the covid pandemic transition process from one person to another person was classified using traditional machine learning algorithms. The input labels are encoded and transformed, utilizing the label encoder technique. The XG boost algorithm was outperformed all the other algorithms with overall accuracy and F1-measure of 99%. The Naive Bayes algorithm provides 100% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score due to its improved ability to handle lower datasets.

scholarly journals Enhanced Classification of Incomplete Pattern Using Fuzzy Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Yogita Deshmukh ◽  
Pallavi Khawshi ◽  
Priyanka Shinde ◽  
Ruchita Charpe ◽  
Rupali Bopche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Fuzzy Systems ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Data Segment ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Right

More often than not values are absent in database, which ought to be managed. Missing qualities are occurred in light of the way that, the data segment individual did not know the right regard or frustration of sensors or leave the space cleanse. The course of action of missing regarded lacking case is a trying errand in machine learning approach. Divided data is not proper for classification handle. Exactly when insufficient cases are masterminded using prototype values, the last class for comparable illustrations may have distinctive results that are variable yields. We can't describe specific class for specific cases. The structure makes a wrong result which also realizes contrasting effects. So, to oversee such kind of lacking data, system executes prototype-based credal classification (PCC) strategy. The PCC procedure is intertwined with Hierarchical clustering and evidential reasoning methodology to give correct, time and memory profitable outcomes. This procedure readies the examples and perceives the class prototype. This will be useful for recognizing the missing qualities. By then in the wake of getting each and every missing worth, credal procedure is use for classification. The trial occurs exhibit that the enhanced type of PCC performs better similar to time and memory viability.

scholarly journals Enhanced Classification of Incomplete Pattern Using Hierarchical Clustering

2019 ◽  
pp. 594-599
Author(s):  
Gaminee Sharnagat ◽  
Pragati Patil
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Data System ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Data Segment ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Right

More often than not values are absent in database, which ought to be managed. Missing qualities are occurred in light of the way that, the data segment individual did not know the right regard or frustration of sensors or leave the space cleanse. The course of action of missing regarded lacking case is a trying errand in machine learning approach. Divided data is not proper for classification handle. Exactly when insufficient cases are masterminded using prototype values, the last class for comparable illustrations may have distinctive results that are variable yields. We can't describe specific class for specific cases. The structure makes a wrong result which also realizes contrasting effects. So to oversee such kind of lacking data, system executes prototype-based credal classification (PCC) strategy. The PCC procedure is intertwined with Hierarchical clustering and evidential reasoning methodology to give correct, time and memory profitable outcomes. This procedure readies the examples and perceives the class prototype. This will be useful for recognizing the missing qualities. By then in the wake of getting each and every missing worth, credal procedure is use for classification. The trial occurs exhibit that the enhanced type of PCC performs better similar to time and memory viability.

scholarly journals Comparison of GANs for Covid-19 X-ray classification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Cavalcanti ◽  
Lilian Berton
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Artificial Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Radiological Images

Image classification has been applied to several real problems. However, getting labeled data is a costly task, since it demands time, resources and experts. Furthermore, some domains like disease detection suffer from unbalanced classes. These scenarios are challenging and degrade the performance of machine learning algorithms. In these cases, we can use Data Augmentation (DA) approaches to increase the number of labeled examples in a dataset. The objective of this work is to analyze the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) as DA, which are capable of synthesizing artificial data from the original data, under an adversarial process of two neural networks. The GANs are applied in the classification of unbalanced Covid-19 radiological images. Increasing the number of images led to better accuracy for all the GANs tested, especially in the multi-label dataset, mitigating the bias for unbalanced classes.

A Brief Survey on Text Classification Using Various Machine Learning Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Padmavathi .S ◽  
M. Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Text Classification ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Rule Based Approach

Text classification has grown into more significant in managing and organizing the text data due to tremendous growth of online information. It does classification of documents in to fixed number of predefined categories. Rule based approach and Machine learning approach are the two ways of text classification. In rule based approach, classification of documents is done based on manually defined rules. In Machine learning based approach, classification rules or classifier are defined automatically using example documents. It has higher recall and quick process. This paper shows an investigation on text classification utilizing different machine learning techniques.

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