scholarly journals Resolved scaling relations and metallicity gradients on sub-kiloparsec scales at z ≈ 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Patrício ◽  
J Richard ◽  
D Carton ◽  
C Péroux ◽  
T Contini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
First Time ◽  
Disc Galaxies ◽  
Modelling Approach

ABSTRACT The existence of a spatially resolved star-forming main sequence (rSFMS) and a spatially resolved mass–metallicity relation (rMZR) is now well established for local galaxies. Moreover, gradients with metallicity decreasing with radius seem to be common in local disc galaxies. These observations suggest that galaxy formation is a self-regulating process, and provide constraints for galaxy evolution models. Studying the evolution of these relations at higher redshifts is still, however, very challenging. In this paper, we analyse three gravitationally lensed galaxies at z = 0.6, 0.7, and 1, observed with MUSE and SINFONI. These galaxies are highly magnified by galaxy clusters, which allow us to observe resolved scaling relations and metallicity gradients on physical scales of a couple of hundred parsecs, comparable to studies of local galaxies. We confirm that the rSFMS is already in place at these redshifts on sub-kpc scales, and establish, for the first time, the existence of the rMZR at higher redshifts. We develop a forward-modelling approach to fit 2D metallicity gradients of multiply imaged lensed galaxies in the image plane, and derive gradients of −0.027 ± 0.003, −0.019 ± 0.003, and −0.039 ± 0.060 dex kpc−1. Despite the fact that these are clumpy galaxies, typical of high-redshift discs, the metallicity variations in the galaxies are well described by global linear gradients, and we do not see any difference in metallicity associated with the star-forming clumps.

scholarly journals The evolution of sizes and specific angular momenta in hierarchical models of galaxy formation and evolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 487 (4) ◽  
pp. 5649-5665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zoldan ◽  
Gabriella De Lucia ◽  
Lizhi Xie ◽  
Fabio Fontanot ◽  
Michaela Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Mass Relation ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Stellar Halo ◽  
Compact Galaxies ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTWe extend our previous work focused at z ∼ 0, studying the redshift evolution of galaxy dynamical properties using the state-of-the-art semi-analytic model GAEA (GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly): we show that the predicted size–mass relation for discy/star-forming and quiescent galaxies is in good agreement with observational estimates, up to z ∼ 2. Bulge-dominated galaxies have sizes that are offset low with respect to observational estimates, mainly due to our implementation of disc instability at high redshift. At large masses, both quiescent and bulge-dominated galaxies have sizes smaller than observed. We interpret this as a consequence of our most massive galaxies having larger gas masses than observed, and therefore being more affected by dissipation. We argue that a proper treatment of quasar-driven winds is needed to alleviate this problem. Our model compact galaxies have number densities in agreement with observational estimates and they form most of their stars in small and low angular momentum high-z haloes. GAEA predicts that a significant fraction of compact galaxies forming at high-z is bound to merge with larger structures at lower redshifts: therefore they are not the progenitors of normal-size passive galaxies at z = 0. Our model also predicts a stellar–halo size relation that is in good agreement with observational estimates. The ratio between stellar size and halo size is proportional to the halo spin and does not depend on stellar mass but for the most massive galaxies, where active galactic nucleus feedback leads to a significant decrease of the retention factor (from about 80 per cent to 20 per cent).

scholarly journals SHARP – VI. Evidence for CO (1–0) molecular gas extended on kpc-scales in AGN star-forming galaxies at high redshift

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 (2) ◽  
pp. 2387-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Spingola ◽  
J P McKean ◽  
S Vegetti ◽  
D Powell ◽  
M W Auger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT We present a study of the stellar host galaxy, CO (1–0) molecular gas distribution and AGN emission on 50–500 pc-scales of the gravitationally lensed dust-obscured AGN MG J0751+2716 and JVAS B1938+666 at redshifts 3.200 and 2.059, respectively. By correcting for the lensing distortion using a grid-based lens modelling technique, we spatially locate the different emitting regions in the source plane for the first time. Both AGN host galaxies have 300–500 pc-scale size and surface brightness consistent with a bulge/pseudo-bulge, and 2 kpc-scale AGN radio jets that are embedded in extended molecular gas reservoirs that are 5–20 kpc in size. The CO (1–0) velocity fields show structures possibly associated with discs (elongated velocity gradients) and interacting objects (off-axis velocity components). There is evidence for a decrement in the CO (1–0) surface brightness at the location of the host galaxy, which may indicate radiative feedback from the AGN, or offset star formation. We find CO–H2 conversion factors of around αCO = 1.5 ± 0.5 (K km s−1 pc2)−1, molecular gas masses of >3 × 1010 M⊙, dynamical masses of ∼1011 M⊙, and gas fractions of around 60 per cent. The intrinsic CO line luminosities are comparable to those of unobscured AGN and dusty star-forming galaxies at similar redshifts, but the infrared luminosities are lower, suggesting that the targets are less efficient at forming stars. Therefore, they may belong to the AGN feedback phase predicted by galaxy formation models, because they are not efficiently forming stars considering their large amount of molecular gas.

scholarly journals Star Formation in Tadpole Galaxies

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casiana Muñoz-Tuñon ◽  
Jorge Sanchez Almeida ◽  
Debra M. Elmegreen ◽  
Bruce G. Elmegreen
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Test Models ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Galaxy Disk ◽  
Tail Structure ◽  
Remarkable Result

Tadpole Galaxies look like a star forming head with a tail structure to the side. They are also named cometaries. In a series of recent works we have discovered a number of issues that lead us to consider them extremely interesting targets. First, from images, they are disks with a lopsided starburst. This result is rmly  established with long slit spectroscopy in a nearby representative sample. They rotate with the head following the rotation pattern but displaced from the rotation center. Moreover, in a search for extremely metal poor (XMP) galaxies, we identied tadpoles as the dominant shapes in the sample - nearly 80% of the local XMP galaxies have a tadpole morphology. In addition, the spatially resolved analysis of the metallicity shows the remarkable result that there is a metallicity drop right at the position of the head. This is contrary to what intuition would say and dicult to explain if star formation has happened from gas processed in the disk. The result could however be understood if the star formation is driven by pristine gas falling into the galaxy disk. If conrmed, we could be unveiling, for the rst time, cool  ows in action in our nearby world. The tadpole class is relatively frequent at high redshift - 10% of resolvable galaxies in the Hubble UDF but less than 1% in the local Universe. They are systems that could track cool ows and test models of galaxy formation.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation over the past 6 Gyr

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S277) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Puech ◽  
F. Hammer ◽  
H. Flores ◽  
R. Delgado-Serrano ◽  
M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Fisher Relation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gas Fractions

AbstractScaling relations are salient ingredients of galaxy evolution and formation models. I summarize results from the IMAGES survey, which combines spatially-resolved kinematics from FLAMES/GIRAFFE with imaging from HST/ACS and other facilities. Specifically, I will focus on the evolution of the stellar mass and baryonic Tully-Fisher Relations (TFR) from z = 0.6 down to z = 0. We found a significant evolution in zero point and scatter of the stellar mass TFR compared to the local Universe. Combined with gas fractions derived by inverting the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation, we derived for the first time a baryonic TFR at high redshift. Conversely to the stellar mass TFR, the baryonic relation does not appear to evolve in zero point, which suggests that most of the reservoir of gas converted into stars over the past 6 Gyr was already gravitationally bound to galaxies at z = 0.6.

Cold gas studies of a z = 2.5 protocluster

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (S359) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Minju M. Lee ◽  
Ichi Tanaka ◽  
Rohei Kawabe
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
General View ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Narrow Band Filter ◽  
Stellar Masses

AbstractWe present studies of a protocluster at z =2.5, an overdense region found close to a radio galaxy, 4C 23.56, using ALMA. We observed 1.1 mm continuum, two CO lines (CO (4–3) and CO (3–2)) and the lower atomic carbon line transition ([CI](3P1-3P0)) at a few kpc (0″.3-0″.9) resolution. The primary targets are 25 star-forming galaxies selected as Hα emitters (HAEs) that are identified with a narrow band filter. These are massive galaxies with stellar masses of > 1010Mʘ that are mostly on the galaxy main sequence at z =2.5. We measure the molecular gas mass from the independent gas tracers of 1.1 mm, CO (3–2) and [CI], and investigate the gas kinematics of galaxies from CO (4–3). Molecular gas masses from the different measurements are consistent with each other for detection, with a gas fraction (fgas = Mgas/(Mgas+ Mstar)) of ≃ 0.5 on average but with a caveat. On the other hand, the CO line widths of the protocluster galaxies are typically broader by ˜50% compared to field galaxies, which can be attributed to more frequent, unresolved gas-rich mergers and/or smaller sizes than field galaxies, supported by our high-resolution images and a kinematic model fit of one of the galaxies. We discuss the expected scenario of galaxy evolution in protoclusters at high redshift but future large surveys are needed to get a more general view.

scholarly journals Quasi-equilibrium models of high-redshift disc galaxy evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (3) ◽  
pp. 3394-3412
Author(s):  
Steven R Furlanetto
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Mass Relation ◽  
Disc Galaxy

ABSTRACT In recent years, simple models of galaxy formation have been shown to provide reasonably good matches to available data on high-redshift luminosity functions. However, these prescriptions are primarily phenomenological, with only crude connections to the physics of galaxy evolution. Here, we introduce a set of galaxy models that are based on a simple physical framework but incorporate more sophisticated models of feedback, star formation, and other processes. We apply these models to the high-redshift regime, showing that most of the generic predictions of the simplest models remain valid. In particular, the stellar mass–halo mass relation depends almost entirely on the physics of feedback (and is thus independent of the details of small-scale star formation) and the specific star formation rate is a simple multiple of the cosmological accretion rate. We also show that, in contrast, the galaxy’s gas mass is sensitive to the physics of star formation, although the inclusion of feedback-driven star formation laws significantly changes the naive expectations. While these models are far from detailed enough to describe every aspect of galaxy formation, they inform our understanding of galaxy formation by illustrating several generic aspects of that process, and they provide a physically grounded basis for extrapolating predictions to faint galaxies and high redshifts currently out of reach of observations. If observations show violations from these simple trends, they would indicate new physics occurring inside the earliest generations of galaxies.

scholarly journals First Light And Reionization Epoch Simulations (FLARES) – I. Environmental dependence of high-redshift galaxy evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (2) ◽  
pp. 2127-2145
Author(s):  
Christopher C Lovell ◽  
Aswin P Vijayan ◽  
Peter A Thomas ◽  
Stephen M Wilkins ◽  
David J Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Composite Distribution ◽  
Environmental Dependence

ABSTRACT We introduce the First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES), a suite of zoom simulations using the EAGLE model. We resimulate a range of overdensities during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) in order to build composite distribution functions, as well as explore the environmental dependence of galaxy formation and evolution during this critical period of galaxy assembly. The regions are selected from a large $(3.2 \, \mathrm{cGpc})^{3}$ parent volume, based on their overdensity within a sphere of radius 14 h−1 cMpc. We then resimulate with full hydrodynamics, and employ a novel weighting scheme that allows the construction of composite distribution functions that are representative of the full parent volume. This significantly extends the dynamic range compared to smaller volume periodic simulations. We present an analysis of the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF), the star formation rate distribution function (SFRF), and the star-forming sequence (SFS) predicted by FLARES, and compare to a number of observational and model constraints. We also analyse the environmental dependence over an unprecedented range of overdensity. Both the GSMF and the SFRF exhibit a clear double-Schechter form, up to the highest redshifts (z = 10). We also find no environmental dependence of the SFS normalization. The increased dynamic range probed by FLARES will allow us to make predictions for a number of large area surveys that will probe the EoR in coming years, carried out on new observatories such as Roman and Euclid.

scholarly journals Towards a census of high-redshift dusty galaxies with Herschel

2018 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. A33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Donevski ◽  
V. Buat ◽  
F. Boone ◽  
C. Pappalardo ◽  
M. Bethermin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Virgo Cluster ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Distribution Fitting ◽  
Redshift Distribution ◽  
Star Forming

Context. Over the last decade a large number of dusty star-forming galaxies has been discovered up to redshift z = 2 − 3 and recent studies have attempted to push the highly confused Herschel SPIRE surveys beyond that distance. To search for z ≥ 4 galaxies they often consider the sources with fluxes rising from 250 μm to 500 μm (so-called “500 μm-risers”). Herschel surveys offer a unique opportunity to efficiently select a large number of these rare objects, and thus gain insight into the prodigious star-forming activity that takes place in the very distant Universe. Aims. We aim to implement a novel method to obtain a statistical sample of 500 μm-risers and fully evaluate our selection inspecting different models of galaxy evolution. Methods. We consider one of the largest and deepest Herschel surveys, the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. We develop a novel selection algorithm which links the source extraction and spectral energy distribution fitting. To fully quantify selection biases we make end-to-end simulations including clustering and lensing. Results. We select 133 500 μm-risers over 55 deg2, imposing the criteria: S500 > S350 > S250, S250 > 13.2 mJy and S500 > 30 mJy. Differential number counts are in fairly good agreement with models, displaying a better match than other existing samples. The estimated fraction of strongly lensed sources is 24+6-5% based on models. Conclusions. We present the faintest sample of 500 μm-risers down to S250 = 13.2 mJy. We show that noise and strong lensing have an important impact on measured counts and redshift distribution of selected sources. We estimate the flux-corrected star formation rate density at 4 < z < 5 with the 500 μm-risers and find it to be close to the total value measured in far-infrared. This indicates that colour selection is not a limiting effect to search for the most massive, dusty z > 4 sources.

scholarly journals In pursuit of giants

2020 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. A144
Author(s):  
D. Donevski ◽  
A. Lapi ◽  
K. Małek ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
C. Gómez-Guijarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Starburst Galaxies ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Galaxy Populations

The dust-to-stellar mass ratio (Mdust/M⋆) is a crucial, albeit poorly constrained, parameter for improving our understanding of the complex physical processes involved in the production of dust, metals, and stars in galaxy evolution. In this work, we explore trends of Mdust/M⋆ with different physical parameters and using observations of 300 massive dusty star-forming galaxies detected with ALMA up to z ≈ 5. Additionally, we interpret our findings with different models of dusty galaxy formation. We find that Mdust/M⋆ evolves with redshift, stellar mass, specific star formation rates, and integrated dust size, but that evolution is different for main-sequence galaxies than it is for starburst galaxies. In both galaxy populations, Mdust/M⋆ increases until z ∼ 2, followed by a roughly flat trend towards higher redshifts, suggesting efficient dust growth in the distant universe. We confirm that the inverse relation between Mdust/M⋆ and M⋆ holds up to z ≈ 5 and can be interpreted as an evolutionary transition from early to late starburst phases. We demonstrate that the Mdust/M⋆ in starbursts reflects the increase in molecular gas fraction with redshift and attains the highest values for sources with the most compact dusty star formation. State-of-the-art cosmological simulations that include self-consistent dust growth have the capacity to broadly reproduce the evolution of Mdust/M⋆ in main-sequence galaxies, but underestimating it in starbursts. The latter is found to be linked to lower gas-phase metallicities and longer dust-growth timescales relative to observations. The results of phenomenological models based on the main-sequence and starburst dichotomy as well as analytical models that include recipes for rapid metal enrichment are consistent with our observations. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that high Mdust/M⋆ is due to rapid dust grain growth in the metal-enriched interstellar medium. This work highlights the multi-fold benefits of using Mdust/M⋆ as a diagnostic tool for: (1) disentangling main-sequence and starburst galaxies up to z ∼ 5; (2) probing the evolutionary phase of massive objects; and (3) refining the treatment of the dust life cycle in simulations.

scholarly journals Stellar populations in the highest redshift galaxies

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Bunker
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Initial Mass Function ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
James Webb Space Telescope ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
The Universe

AbstractI discuss stellar populations in galaxies at high redshift (z > 6), in particular the blue rest-frame UV colours which have been detected in recent years through near-IR imaging with HST. These spectral slopes of β < −2 are much more blue than star-forming galaxies at lower redshift, and may suggest less dust obscuration, lower metallicity or perhaps a different initial mass function. I describe current work on the luminosity function of high redshift star- forming galaxies, the evolution of the fraction of strong Lyman-α emitters in this population, and the contribution of the ionizing photon budget from such galaxies towards the reionization of the Universe. I also describe constraints placed by Spitzer/IRAC on stellar populations in galaxies within the first billion years, and look towards future developments in spectroscopy with Extremely Large Telescopes and the James Webb Space Telescope, including the JWST/NIRSpec GTO programme on galaxy evolution at high redshift.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document