scholarly journals Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (D1) ◽  
pp. D10-D17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W Sayers ◽  
Jeffrey Beck ◽  
Evan E Bolton ◽  
Devon Bourexis ◽  
James R Brister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Sequence Database ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Programming Interface ◽  
Blast Program ◽  
Search And Retrieval

Abstract The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides a large suite of online resources for biological information and data, including the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence database and the PubMed® database of citations and abstracts published in life science journals. The Entrez system provides search and retrieval operations for most of these data from 34 distinct databases. The E-utilities serve as the programming interface for the Entrez system. Custom implementations of the BLAST program provide sequence-based searching of many specialized datasets. New resources released in the past year include a new PubMed interface and NCBI datasets. Additional resources that were updated in the past year include PMC, Bookshelf, Genome Data Viewer, SRA, ClinVar, dbSNP, dbVar, Pathogen Detection, BLAST, Primer-BLAST, IgBLAST, iCn3D and PubChem. All of these resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

scholarly journals Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (D1) ◽  
pp. D9-D16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W Sayers ◽  
Jeff Beck ◽  
J Rodney Brister ◽  
Evan E Bolton ◽  
Kathi Canese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prokaryotic Genome ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Sequence Database ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Gene Orthologs ◽  
Sequence Database Search ◽  
Programming Interface ◽  
Blast Program

Abstract The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides a large suite of online resources for biological information and data, including the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence database and the PubMed database of citations and abstracts published in life science journals. The Entrez system provides search and retrieval operations for most of these data from 35 distinct databases. The E-utilities serve as the programming interface for the Entrez system. Custom implementations of the BLAST program provide sequence-based searching of many specialized datasets. New resources released in the past year include a new PubMed interface, a sequence database search and a gene orthologs page. Additional resources that were updated in the past year include PMC, Bookshelf, My Bibliography, Assembly, RefSeq, viral genomes, the prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline, Genome Workbench, dbSNP, BLAST, Primer-BLAST, IgBLAST and PubChem. All of these resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

scholarly journals Felid Cardiopulmonary Nematodes: Dilemmas Solved and New Questions Posed

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Donato Traversa ◽  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
Anastasia Diakou
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
New Research ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Applied Knowledge

In the past decade cardiopulmonary nematodes affecting felids have become a core research topic in small animal parasitology. In the late 2000s, an increase in studies was followed by unexpected findings in the early 2010s, which have stimulated research teams to start investigating these intriguing parasites. Prolific scientific debate and exchanges have then fostered field and laboratory studies and epi-zootiological surveys. New data have improved basic and applied knowledge, solved dilemmas and posed new questions. This article discusses the past and present background to felid cardiopulmonary nematodes after the last few years of intense scientific research. New data which have demonstrated the key role of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior in causing respiratory infections in domestic cats, and on the nil to negligible current importance of other species, i.e., Troglostrongylus subcrenatus, Oslerus rostratus and Angiostrongylus chabaudi, are presented. Biological information and hypothesized alternative routes of infection are analysed and discussed. Novel identification and taxonomical data and issues are reported and commented upon. On the whole, recent biological, ecological and epi-zootiological information on felid meta-strongyloids is critically analysed, with the aim to answer outstanding questions, stimulate future studies, and underline new research perspectives.

Five new Lathys species (Araneae: Dictynidae) from South China and the first description of the male of Lathys spiralis Zhang, Hu & Zhang, 2012

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4500 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
KEKE LIU ◽  
ZEYUAN MENG ◽  
YONGHONG XIAO ◽  
XIANG XU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Animal Specimen ◽  
Science College ◽  
First Time

Dictynidae spiders were collected from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China in the past four years. Five new species are described and illustrated with photographs, SEMs and line drawings: Lathys adunca Liu spec. nov. (male), L. deltoidea Liu spec. nov. (female), L. fibulata Liu spec. nov. (female), L. huangyangjieensis Liu spec. nov. (male, female) and L. zhanfengi Liu spec. nov. (female). Both sexes of the species L. spiralis Zhang, Hu & Zhang, 2012 were collected from leaf litter in Jinggangshan University and the male is described for the first time. All specimens are deposited in the Animal Specimen Museum, Life Science College, at the Jinggangshan University (ASM-JGSU). 

scholarly journals ELIXIR and Toxicology: a community in development

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Marvin Martens ◽  
Rob Stierum ◽  
Emma L. Schymanski ◽  
Chris T. Evelo ◽  
Reza Aalizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Predictive Toxicology ◽  
Chemical Risk Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
Active Research ◽  
New Community ◽  
The Eu

Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.

The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1972 - Carbohydrate transport by micro-organisms

1973 ◽  
Vol 183 (1071) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
Economic Well Being

It is 295 years almost to the day since the existence of micro-organisms was confirmed at a meeting of this Society. The minutes of that meeting of 15 November 1677 record Mr Hooke ̓s success in eliciting the appearance, in a suspension of black pepper in rainwater, of ̒. . . great numbers of exceedingly small animals swimming to and fro. They appeared of the bigness of a mite through a glass, that magnified about an hundred thousand times in bulk; and consequently it was judged, that they were near an hundred thousand times less than a mite.̓ Since some doubts had been expressed at previous meetings, the minute firmly concludes that ̒. . . there could be no fallacy in the appearance. They were seen by Mr Henshaw, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Hoskyns, Sir Jonas Moore, Dr Mapletoft, Mr. Hill, Dr. Croune, Dr. Grew, Mr. Aubrey, and divers others; so that there was no longer any doubt of Mr. Leewenhoeck ̓s discovery ̓. (Birch 1757.) It is not my purpose here to comment on the importance of that discovery to our physical and economic well-being, nor to describe the manner in which studies with micro-organisms have revealed much of the molecular basis of the events that enable cells to maintain and accurately to reproduce themselves. These topics have formed the subjects of previous lectures in honour of Leeuwenhoek ̓s memory. I wish to discuss a topic that, as far as I am aware, has been only touched on, once before (Gale 1957), yet that concerns the indispensable first step in the utilization of all food materials. I refer to the highly specific mechanisms that enable such food materials to enter microbial cells, and the means that regulate the operation of such systems. It is a measure of the rapidity at which biological information accrues, as well as an explanation of why a topic of such fundamental importance appears to have been neglected, that most of our still far-from-complete understanding in this area has been achieved within the past five years, and all of it since, in the first Leeuwenhoek Lecture (Fildes 1951) delivered exactly 22 years ago today, Sir Paul Fildes discussed ̒. . . the development of events which has made it convenient to foster a new branch of biology under the title Microbiology ̓.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 126. Amaranthus albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L.

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Costea and F. J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

A review of biological information is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L. The last species has been revised taxonomically and a new subspecies for Canada is presented-A. blitum subsp. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline & Bray) Carretero, Munoz Garmendia & Pedrol. Amaranthus albus and A. blitoides are native to the U.S.A. and introduced to Canada. Both species are annual ruderal and agrestal weeds. During the past 100 yr the two species have spread across most provinces of Canada, but the greatest frequency and abundance have been recorded in Saskatchewan. Originating from Europe, Asia and North Africa, A. blitum was initially considered a non-persistent species. The present study shows that A. blitum especially, subsp. emarginatus, has continued to spread in Québec. The three species are alternate hosts to many insects, nematodes, viruses, bacteria and fungi that affect cultivated plants. In other areas (U.S.A., Europe and Asia), the three species have developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Key words: Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus blitum, weed biology, ecology, taxonomy, herbicide resistance

scholarly journals The OXL format for the exchange of integrated datasets

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Taubert ◽  
Klaus Peter Sieren ◽  
Matthew Hindle ◽  
Berend Hoekman ◽  
Rainer Winnenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Biological Domain ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Text Mining System

Abstract A prerequisite for systems biology is the integration and analysis of heterogeneous experimental data stored in hundreds of life-science databases and millions of scientific publications. Several standardised formats for the exchange of specific kinds of biological information exist. Such exchange languages facilitate the integration process; however they are not designed to transport integrated datasets. A format for exchanging integrated datasets needs to i) cover data from a broad range of application domains, ii) be flexible and extensible to combine many different complex data structures, iii) include metadata and semantic definitions, iv) include inferred information, v) identify the original data source for integrated entities and vi) transport large integrated datasets. Unfortunately, none of the exchange formats from the biological domain (e.g. BioPAX, MAGE-ML, PSI-MI, SBML) or the generic approaches (RDF, OWL) fulfil these requirements in a systematic way.We present OXL, a format for the exchange of integrated data sets, and detail how the aforementioned requirements are met within the OXL format. OXL is the native format within the data integration and text mining system ONDEX. Although OXL was developed with the ONDEX system in mind, it also has the potential to be used in several other biological and non-biological applications described in this paper.Availability: The OXL format is an integral part of the ONDEX system which is freely available under the GPL at http://ondex.sourceforge.net/. Sample files can be found at http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ondex/ and the XML Schema at http://ondex.svn.sf.net/viewvc/*checkout*/ondex/trunk/backend/data/xml/ondex.xsd.

scholarly journals Natural Bioactive Molecules as Potential Agents Against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
Yawen Wang ◽  
Yiping Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasion Mechanisms ◽  
The World

In the past two decades, pandemics of several fatal coronaviruses have posed enormous challenges for public health, including SARS-CoV (2003), MERS-CoV (2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019). Among these, SARS-CoV-2 continues to ravage the world today and has lead to millions of deaths and incalculable economic damage. Till now, there is no clinically proven antiviral drug available for SARS-CoV-2. However, the bioactive molecules of natural origin, especially medicinal plants, have been proven to be potential resources in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, acting at different stages of the viral life cycle and targeting different viral or host proteins, such as PLpro, 3CLpro, RdRp, helicase, spike, ACE2, and TMPRSS2. They provide a viable strategy to develop therapeutic agents. This review presents fundamental biological information on SARS-CoV-2, including the viral biological characteristics and invasion mechanisms. It also summarizes the reported natural bioactive molecules with anti-coronavirus properties, arranged by their different targets in the life cycle of viral infection of human cells, and discusses the prospects of these bioactive molecules for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Politicking Ayurvedic Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 298-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Cerulli
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnographic Data

AbstractAs the Indian population’s interest in biomedicine increased at the end of the nineteenth century, public confidence in India’s indigenous medicines flagged. Physicians of Ayurveda and officials of Indian medical organizations responded with discussions about and plans for reconfiguring the āyurveda (“life science”) of the Sanskrit medical classics of Caraka, Suśruta, and Vāgbhaṭa to be compatible with the anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological frameworks of biomedicine. This article considers some of the negotiations that shaped Ayurveda in late colonial and postcolonial India, paying special attention to how these debates affected the history of ayurvedic education. Reflecting on how the presence of biomedicine in India prompted ayurvedic practitioners to reimagine the history of their profession, it examines the revitalization of Ayurveda through the reinvention of ayurvedic education. It probes the historical move away from the gurukula as the seat of education and the institutionalization and standardization of education in the ayurvedic college. The historical record is expanded periodically with ethnographic data collected at gurukulas in South India to offer contemporary views on changes in ayurvedic education over the past 130 years.1

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document