scholarly journals Natural Bioactive Molecules as Potential Agents Against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
Yawen Wang ◽  
Yiping Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasion Mechanisms ◽  
The World

In the past two decades, pandemics of several fatal coronaviruses have posed enormous challenges for public health, including SARS-CoV (2003), MERS-CoV (2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019). Among these, SARS-CoV-2 continues to ravage the world today and has lead to millions of deaths and incalculable economic damage. Till now, there is no clinically proven antiviral drug available for SARS-CoV-2. However, the bioactive molecules of natural origin, especially medicinal plants, have been proven to be potential resources in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, acting at different stages of the viral life cycle and targeting different viral or host proteins, such as PLpro, 3CLpro, RdRp, helicase, spike, ACE2, and TMPRSS2. They provide a viable strategy to develop therapeutic agents. This review presents fundamental biological information on SARS-CoV-2, including the viral biological characteristics and invasion mechanisms. It also summarizes the reported natural bioactive molecules with anti-coronavirus properties, arranged by their different targets in the life cycle of viral infection of human cells, and discusses the prospects of these bioactive molecules for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The LIFE CYCLE OF COVID-19 STAGES AND TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripu Daman M. Singh ◽  
Nida Malim ◽  
Aves Raza Khan ◽  
Huda Khan ◽  
Nauman Khatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
The World ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Viral Outbreak

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir , which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. We also discuss the approaches for  therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak. Chloroquine has been sporadically used in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine shares the same mechanism of action as chloroquine, but its more tolerable safety profile makes it the preferred drug to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions. We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of hydroxychloroquine also may be useful in controlling the cytokine storm that occurs late-phase in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

scholarly journals Design for Disassembly (DfD) and Augmented Reality (AR): Case Study Applied to a Gearbox

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Frizziero ◽  
Alfredo Liverani ◽  
Gianni Caligiana ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
Luca Chinaglia
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Design For Disassembly ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Required Quality

Today’s market drives companies to change, adapt, and compete. Many consumers are increasingly looking at price, without sacrificing quality. In order to be attractive to the customer, companies must be able to offer the required quality at the lowest possible price. The life cycle of many products has been shortened compared to the past because now technologies are evolving faster. For these reasons, it is important that companies reevaluate all the operations that are carried out within them, to optimize them and eventually adopt new technologies if they offer interesting opportunities. In this discussion, we first study the design for disassembly, a technique that can bring several advantages during the life cycle of a component, offering the possibility of reducing time and cost of disassembling a product, and better reuse of the different materials of which it is composed. Subsequently, augmented reality is discussed, and how this technology is exploited in the world, especially in the industrial sector. During the work, we discuss a case study, with the gearbox being the object of analysis. This allows us to apply the theoretical concepts illustrated in a concrete way, allowing for a better understanding of the topics.

scholarly journals Life cycle stages, specific organelles and invasion mechanisms of Eimeria species

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Burrell ◽  
Fiona M. Tomley ◽  
Sue Vaughan ◽  
Virginia Marugan-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Invasion Mechanisms ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

AbstractApicomplexans, including species of Eimeria, pose a real threat to the health and wellbeing of animals and humans. Eimeria parasites do not infect humans but cause an important economic impact on livestock, in particular on the poultry industry. Despite its high prevalence and financial costs, little is known about the cell biology of these ‘cosmopolitan’ parasites found all over the world. In this review, we discuss different aspects of the life cycle and stages of Eimeria species, focusing on cellular structures and organelles typical of the coccidian family as well as genus-specific features, complementing some ‘unknowns’ with what is described in the closely related coccidian Toxoplasma gondii.

scholarly journals “THE EFFECT OF ANTIVIRAL DRUG ON LIFE CYCLE OF HEPATITIS VIRUS B”

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal Sengar ◽  
Shivi Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Words Hepatitis

With up to 400 million influenced individuals around the world, constant hepatitis B infection (HBV) contamination is as yet a noteworthy medicinal services issue. Amid the most recent decade, a few novel helpful methodologies have been produced and assessed. In many locales of the world, interferon-α, and nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) are as of now affirmed. In spite of real enhancements, none of the current treatments is ideal since viral freedom is seldom accomplished. As of late, a superior comprehension of the HBV life cycle and the advancement of novel model frameworks of HBV disease have prompted the improvement of novel antiviral procedures and medication targets. This survey will concentrate on present and potential future medication focuses in the HBV life cycle and systems to balance the virus– have connection. Key Words: hepatitis B virus, , interferon-α, rcDNA, Antiviral agents.

scholarly journals Historical Global Tropical Cyclone Landfalls*

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 4729-4735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Weinkle ◽  
Ryan Maue ◽  
Roger Pielke
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Global Database ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Major Hurricane ◽  
Storm Frequency

Abstract In recent decades, economic damage from tropical cyclones (TCs) around the world has increased dramatically. Scientific literature published to date finds that the increase in losses can be explained entirely by societal changes (such as increasing wealth, structures, population, etc.) in locations prone to tropical cyclone landfalls, rather than by changes in annual storm frequency or intensity. However, no homogenized dataset of global tropical cyclone landfalls has been created that might serve as a consistency check for such economic normalization studies. Using currently available historical TC best-track records, a global database focused on hurricane-force strength landfalls was constructed. The analysis does not indicate significant long-period global or individual basin trends in the frequency or intensity of landfalling TCs of minor or major hurricane strength. The evidence in this study provides strong support for the conclusion that increasing damage around the world during the past several decades can be explained entirely by increasing wealth in locations prone to TC landfalls, which adds confidence to the fidelity of economic normalization analyses.

A basic introduction to image processing using NIH-Image as a model

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
John Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Digital Instrument ◽  
Novice User ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Instrument Control

Advances in camera technology and digital instrument control have meant that in modern microscopy, the image that was, in the past, typically recorded on a piece of film is now recorded directly into a computer. The transfer of the analog image seen in the microscope to the digitized picture in the computer does not mean, however, that the problems associated with recording images, analyzing them, and preparing them for publication, have all miraculously been solved. The steps involved in the recording an image to film remain largely intact in the digital world. The image is recorded, prepared for measurement in some way, analyzed, and then prepared for presentation.Digital image acquisition schemes are largely the realm of the microscope manufacturers, however, there are also a multitude of “homemade” acquisition systems in microscope laboratories around the world. It is not the mission of this tutorial to deal with the various acquisition systems, but rather to introduce the novice user to rudimentary image processing and measurement.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

On the Symbolism of Rain in A Farewell to Arms

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Farewell To Arms

This paper critically analyzes the symbolic use of rain in A Farewell to Arms (1929). The researcher has applied the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis as a research tool for the analysis of the text. This hypothesis argues that the languages spoken by a person determine how one observes this world and that the peculiarities encoded in each language are all different from one another. It affirms that speakers of different languages reflect the world in pretty different ways. Hemingway’s symbolic use of rain in A Farewell to Arms (1929) is denotative, connotative, and ironical. The narrator and protagonist, Frederick Henry symbolically embodies his own perceptions about the world around him. He time and again talks about rain when something embarrassing is about to ensue like disease, injury, arrest, retreat, defeat, escape, and even death. Secondly, Hemingway has connotatively used rain as a cleansing agent for washing the past memories out of his mind. Finally, the author has ironically used rain as a symbol when Henry insists on his love with Catherine Barkley while the latter being afraid of the rain finds herself dead in it.

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