MO768VASCULAR ACCESS FOR PEDIATRIC HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN CATALONIA: ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE CATALAN RENAL REGISTRY (1997-2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Roca-Tey ◽  
Maria Gema Ariceta Iraola ◽  
Héctor Ríos ◽  
Jordi Comas ◽  
Jaume Tort
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Pediatric Hemodialysis ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The vascular access (VA) is the life-line for children with kidney failure (KT) on hemodialysis (HD). The European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group suggested that children requiring HD start with a functioning arteriovenous fistula (AVF) but a tunnelled catheter (TC) can be placed instead where a short period on HD is anticipated before kidney transplantation (KT) (NDT 2019; 34: 1746–1765). Aims To analyze the type of VA used by incident and prevalent KF pediatric patients (pts) treated with HD in Catalonia Method Data from the Catalan Renal Registry of KF pts younger than 18 years of age undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were examined for a 22-year period. Results The modality of KRT used by incident KF pediatric pts has changed significantly over time: the percentage of children who started KRT through HD decreased progressively from 89.9% during the 1984-1989 period to 38.2% during the 2014-2018 period and, conversely, the percentage of children who started KRT by using pre-emptive KT increased progressively from 5.1% to 42.6% between the same periods (for both comparisons, p<0.001). During 2018, 18 children started KRT (rate: 12.8 per milion of population, pmp) by using pre-emptive KT (n=8, 44.4%), peritoneal dialysis (n=5, 27.8%) or HD (n=5, 27.8%). From 1997 to 2018, 112 KF pediatric pts started KRT by using HD (mean age 9.4±6,0 yr, male 58.9%, glomerular disease 36.8%). Most children started HD through an AVF during the 1997-2001 period (56.5%) but this percentage decreased over time and no children used an AVF for starting HD during the 2012-2018 period. On the contrary, the percentage of children starting HD through a TC increased progressively from 8.7% to 72.2% between the same periods (for both comparisons, p<0.001). No significant changes over time were recorded regarding untunnelled catheter (UC) utilization from 34.8% (1997-2001 period) to 27.8% (2012-2018 period) (p=0.57). Considering two age groups (0-6 vs 7-18 years), VA distribution was the following (%): 23.3 vs 76.7 for UC, 47.2 vs 52.8 for TC and 26.3 vs 73.7 for AVF (p=0.058). Regarding KF presentation, UC was used mainly to initiate HD in crashlanders (53.3%) and AVF was used mainly to start HD in children with steady kidney disease progression (63.2%) (p=0.003). The KRT modality of using prevalent KF pediatric pts has also changed significantly over time: pts on HD decreased from 34.9% (n=15, mean age 13.5 yr) in 1997 to 4.7% (n=5, mean age 11.6 yr) in 2018 and, conversely, pts with a kidney graft increased from 62.8% (n=27, mean age 13.7 yr) to 92.4% (n=98, mean age 11.2 yr) during the same period (for both comparisons, p<0.001). The percentage of children dialyzed through an AVF decreased progressively from 1997 (100%) to 2018 (0%) (p<0.001). All prevalent HD pts were dialyzed through a catheter in 2018. The KT rate increased significantly from 5.4 pmp (n=6) in 1997 to 17.1 pmp (n=24) in 2018 (p=0.007). The median time on HD (months) prior to the first KT decreased progressively from 23.1 during the 1984-1989 period to 6.6 during the 2014-2018 period (p<0.001). Conclusions 1) The VA profile of pediatric population treated with HD in Catalonia has radically changed over time. 2) Since 2012, AVF has practically disappeared as the VA in the incident and prevalent pediatric population on HD. 3) Almost all children treated by HD since 2012 were dialyzed through a catheter due to the short waiting time before receiving a kidney graft. 4) The high KT rate was a determining factor in choosing the AV type in the pediatric population treated with HD in Catalonia.

Natural History Wet Collections: Observations on PH Readings from the Use of Different Ethanol and Label Types

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Ximo Mengual ◽  
France Gimnich ◽  
Hannah Petersen ◽  
Jonas J. Astrin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Fluid Preservation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We examined the effects of different types of specimen labels and tags on pH of different concentrations of ethanol typically used for fluid preservation in natural history collections. Labels were immersed in three different concentrations of ethanol, 96% pure undenatured ethanol (EtOH), 96% EtOH denatured with methyl-ethyl ketone (MEK), and 99.8% pure undenatured EtOH, with or without the presence of insect specimens, and the solutions were evaluated after 26 months for changes over time in pH reading. In general, pH readings of all label trials with 96% and 99.8% ethanol increased over time, except for trials of denatured alcohol, which demonstrated lower pH readings in almost all treatments, regardless of label type. Samples that contained labels with ordinary, nonstandardized, not explicitly acid-free printing paper had higher pH readings compared after the trial. Our observations are a good starting point for further experiments to answer research questions related to chemical interactions with labels in ethanol-preserved specimens, including tissue samples for molecular analyses, which can guide collection staff in their daily work.

Trends in the Incidence of Legal Problems and in the Use of Lawyers

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakov Avichai
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Over Time

Changes in the law, government regulations, socioeconomic changes, increased consumerism, the public's level of awareness—all these and other factors influence the population's demand over time for lawyers' services. This article analyzes the changes over time in the two elements that determine the demand for lawyers: the number of legal problems encountered by the population and the rate of use of lawyers in solving these problems. After showing that sequential occurrences of legal problems are not independent of each other and are age dependent, the author develops a mathematical model that explains the variability in the present number of problems encountered by different age groups. The number of problems is found to result from a relatively mild accumulation with age of legal problems, coupled with a strong increase in the number of problems from generation to generation. The analysis of individual legal problems reveals a variety of patterns from problem to problem in both the level of occurrence and the rate of use of lawyers for such problems. The author concludes that the combined effect of occurrence and utilization will operate toward a continuing increase in the demand for lawyers'services at least for the very near future.

scholarly journals Spotlight on the dark figure: Exhibiting dynamics in the case detection ratio of COVID-19 infections in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Schneble ◽  
Giacomo De Nicola ◽  
Göran Kauermann ◽  
Ursula Berger
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
True Number ◽  
Detection Ratio ◽  
True Infection ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Dark Figure ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe case detection ratio of COVID-19 infections varies over time due to changing testing capacities, modified testing strategies and also, apparently, due to the dynamics in the number of infected itself. In this paper we investigate these dynamics by jointly looking at the reported number of detected COVID-19 infections with non-fatal and fatal outcomes in different age groups in Germany. We propose a statistical approach that allows us to spotlight the case detection ratio and quantify its changes over time. With this we can adjust the case counts reported at different time points so that they become comparable. Moreover we can explore the temporal development of the real number of infections, shedding light on the dark number. The results show that the case detection ratio has increased and, depending on the age group, is four to six times higher at the beginning of the second wave compared to what it was at the peak of the first wave. The true number of infection in Germany in October was considerably lower as during the peak of the first wave, where only a small fraction of COVID-19 infections were detected. Our modelling approach also allows quantifying the effects of different testing strategies on the case detection ratio. The analysis of the dynamics in the case detection rate and in the true infection figures enables a clearer picture of the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Consumer Knowledge and Acceptance of Driving Automation: Changes Over Time and Across Age Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399
Author(s):  
Chaiwoo Lee ◽  
Pnina Gershon ◽  
Bryan Reimer ◽  
Bruce Mehler ◽  
Joseph F. Coughlin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumer Knowledge ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Knowledge And Acceptance

Increasing availability of and extensive investments toward automation in consumer vehicles call for a better understanding of public perceptions and acceptance. This study presents a five-year series of large-scale surveys (N=17,548, average 3,510 participants/year) on consumer knowledge and acceptance of vehicle automation in the United States. Results suggest a continued hesitance toward use of self-driving vehicles, with willingness to use increasing sharply under hypothetical conditions around inability to drive and added safety assurance. While drivers of all ages were most comfortable with driver assist level automation, acceptance of automation overall decreased with age. Findings also indicate that the public may have incorrect beliefs regarding the availability of self-driving vehicles. In conclusion, drivers’ acceptance of vehicle automation changes over time, is tied to factors beyond the current state of development and deployment, and may depend on a relative assessment of benefits and reliability in comparison to their own driving capabilities.

Neuraesthenia Revisited: ICD–10 and DSM–III–R Psychiatric Syndromes in Chronic Fatigue Patients and Comparison Subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Farmer ◽  
Irene Jones ◽  
Janis Hillier ◽  
Meirion Llewelyn ◽  
Leszek Borysiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundDifferent definitions of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have different psychiatric exclusion criteria and this affects the type and frequency of associated psychiatric morbidity found. The operational criteria for neuraesthenia in ICD–10 vary in this and other respects from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for CFS. Neuraesthenia and associated psychiatric morbidity in CDC-defined CFS are evaluated.MethodCFS subjects and controls were interviewed with the Schedule for the Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). The computerised scoring program for SCAN (CATEG05) facilitates the assignment of operational definitions according to DSM–III–R and ICD–10. Subjects were re-interviewed with SCAN an average of 11 months later. No specific treatments or interventions were given during this period.ResultsThe majority of subjects fulfilled ICD–10 operational criteria for neuraesthenia and had two and a half times the rate of psychiatric morbidity as the healthy comparison group according to the CATEG05 Index of Definition (ID). Approximately 80% of subjects fulfilled both DSM–III–R and ICD–10 criteria for sleep disorders. There was a significant fall in the number of subjects fulfilling criteria for depression and anxiety disorders and a significant increase in the number of subjects with no diagnosis for DSM–III–R criteria over time. There were no significant changes over time for any diagnosis according to ICD–10 criteria or for overall levels of psychopathology as reflected in CATEG05 ID levels.ConclusionsThe ICD–10 ‘neuraesthenia’ definition identifies almost all subjects with CDC-defined CFS. Fifty per cent of CFS subjects also had depressive or anxiety disorders, some categories of which remit spontaneously over time.

scholarly journals Trends of epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China, 2009–2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingjun Hao ◽  
Jinpeng Du ◽  
Liang Yan ◽  
Baorong He ◽  
Xiao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective We focus on providing the first comprehensive national dataset on the incidence, injury aetiology and mortality of TSCI in China. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. We included TSCI cases from all hospitals in three regions, nine provinces and 27 cities in China via search of electronic medical records and retrospectively analysed the characteristics of TSCI in China from 2009 to 2018. We estimated the incidence of TSCI in the total population and subgroups. Results There were 5954 actual cases in 2009, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 45.1 cases per million population (95% CI, 44.0–46.3). There were 10,074 actual cases in 2018, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 66.5 cases per million population (95% CI, 65.2–67.8) (P < 0.001; annual average percentage change (AAPC), 4.4%). From 2009 to 2018, the incidence of almost all sex/age groups showed an increasing trend over time (P < 0.001; AAPC, 0.7–8.8%). The elderly population (aged 65–74) displayed the highest incidence of TSCI (with an average annual incidence of 127.1 cases per million [95% CI, 119.8–134.3]). Conclusions The TSCI incidence increased significantly from 2009 to 2018. The incidence in the elderly populations was consistently high and continues to increase over time. The mortality of TSCI patients in hospitals is relatively low and continues to decrease each year, but elderly individuals remain at a high risk of hospital death.

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcomes after kidney graft in Italy: are the changes over time the result of different therapies or of different policies? A nationwide survey (1978–2013)

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgina Barbara Piccoli ◽  
Gianfranca Cabiddu ◽  
Rossella Attini ◽  
Martina Gerbino ◽  
Paola Todeschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Pathogenesis, histopathologic findings and treatment modalities of lipoprotein glomerulopathy: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cambruzzi ◽  
Karla Lais Pêgas
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Type Iii Hyperlipoproteinemia ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Abstract Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is an uncommon cause of nephrotic syndrome and/or kidney failure. At microscopy, LPG is characterized by the presence of lipoprotein thrombi in dilated glomerular capillaries due to different ApoE mutations. ApoE gene is located on chromosome 19q13.2, and can be identified in almost all serum lipoproteins. ApoE works as a protective factor in atherosclerosis due its interaction with receptor-mediated lipoprotein clearance and cholesterol receptor. Most common polymorphisms include ApoE2/2, ApoE3/2, ApoE3/3, ApoE4/2, ApoE4/3, and ApoE4/4. All age-groups can be affected by LPG, with a discrete male predominance. Compromised patients typically reveal dyslipidemia, type III hyperlipoproteinemia, and proteinuria. LPG treatment includes fenofibrate, antilipidemic drugs, steroids, LDL aphaeresis, plasma exchange, antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, urokinase, and renal transplantation. Recurrence in kidney graft suggests a pathogenic component(s) of extraglomerular humoral complex resulting from abnormal lipoprotein metabolism and presumably associated to ApoE.

Salmonella entericaserotypes and antibiotic susceptibility in New Zealand, 2002–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. BROUGHTON ◽  
H. M. HEFFERNAN ◽  
C. L. COLES
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Common Serotypes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYWe analysed the serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of 1560 human and 1505 non-humanSalmonellaisolated in New Zealand (NZ) between 2002 and 2007. The most common serotypes in humans wereSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium,S. Enteritidis,S. Brandenburg andS. Infantis. Over the 6-year period human cases due toS. Agona andS. Enteritidis increased and cases due toS. Typhimurium decreased. The most common serotypes from non-human sources wereS. Typhimurium,S. Brandenberg,S. Hindmarsh andS. Infantis, and there were no significant changes over time. More isolates were non-susceptible to streptomycin than to any other antibiotic. Almost all isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. There were significant trends of increasing non-susceptibility to streptomycin and sulfonamides in isolates from human and non-human sources, while ampicillin, tetracycline and multidrug non-susceptibility also increased in human isolates. Despite these increases, rates of antibiotic non-susceptibility inSalmonellain NZ are still lower than in many international settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document