Natural History Wet Collections: Observations on PH Readings from the Use of Different Ethanol and Label Types

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Ximo Mengual ◽  
France Gimnich ◽  
Hannah Petersen ◽  
Jonas J. Astrin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Fluid Preservation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We examined the effects of different types of specimen labels and tags on pH of different concentrations of ethanol typically used for fluid preservation in natural history collections. Labels were immersed in three different concentrations of ethanol, 96% pure undenatured ethanol (EtOH), 96% EtOH denatured with methyl-ethyl ketone (MEK), and 99.8% pure undenatured EtOH, with or without the presence of insect specimens, and the solutions were evaluated after 26 months for changes over time in pH reading. In general, pH readings of all label trials with 96% and 99.8% ethanol increased over time, except for trials of denatured alcohol, which demonstrated lower pH readings in almost all treatments, regardless of label type. Samples that contained labels with ordinary, nonstandardized, not explicitly acid-free printing paper had higher pH readings compared after the trial. Our observations are a good starting point for further experiments to answer research questions related to chemical interactions with labels in ethanol-preserved specimens, including tissue samples for molecular analyses, which can guide collection staff in their daily work.

Equality and Equity in Chinese Higher Education in the Post-massification Era: An Analysis Based on Chinese Scholarly Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Qiang Zha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper examines several research questions relating to equality and equity in Chinese higher education via an extended literature review, which in turn sheds light on evolving scholarly explorations into this theme. First, in the post-massification era, has the Chinese situation of equality and equity in higher education improved or deteriorated since the late 1990s? Second, what are the core issues with respect to equality and equity in Chinese higher education? Third, how have those core issues evolved or changed over time and what does the evolution indicate and entail? Methodologically, this paper uses a bibliometric analysis to detect the topical hotspots in scholarly literature and their changes over time. The study then investigates each of those topical terrains against their temporal contexts in order to gain insights into the core issues.

MO768VASCULAR ACCESS FOR PEDIATRIC HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN CATALONIA: ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE CATALAN RENAL REGISTRY (1997-2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Roca-Tey ◽  
Maria Gema Ariceta Iraola ◽  
Héctor Ríos ◽  
Jordi Comas ◽  
Jaume Tort
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Pediatric Hemodialysis ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The vascular access (VA) is the life-line for children with kidney failure (KT) on hemodialysis (HD). The European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group suggested that children requiring HD start with a functioning arteriovenous fistula (AVF) but a tunnelled catheter (TC) can be placed instead where a short period on HD is anticipated before kidney transplantation (KT) (NDT 2019; 34: 1746–1765). Aims To analyze the type of VA used by incident and prevalent KF pediatric patients (pts) treated with HD in Catalonia Method Data from the Catalan Renal Registry of KF pts younger than 18 years of age undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were examined for a 22-year period. Results The modality of KRT used by incident KF pediatric pts has changed significantly over time: the percentage of children who started KRT through HD decreased progressively from 89.9% during the 1984-1989 period to 38.2% during the 2014-2018 period and, conversely, the percentage of children who started KRT by using pre-emptive KT increased progressively from 5.1% to 42.6% between the same periods (for both comparisons, p<0.001). During 2018, 18 children started KRT (rate: 12.8 per milion of population, pmp) by using pre-emptive KT (n=8, 44.4%), peritoneal dialysis (n=5, 27.8%) or HD (n=5, 27.8%). From 1997 to 2018, 112 KF pediatric pts started KRT by using HD (mean age 9.4±6,0 yr, male 58.9%, glomerular disease 36.8%). Most children started HD through an AVF during the 1997-2001 period (56.5%) but this percentage decreased over time and no children used an AVF for starting HD during the 2012-2018 period. On the contrary, the percentage of children starting HD through a TC increased progressively from 8.7% to 72.2% between the same periods (for both comparisons, p<0.001). No significant changes over time were recorded regarding untunnelled catheter (UC) utilization from 34.8% (1997-2001 period) to 27.8% (2012-2018 period) (p=0.57). Considering two age groups (0-6 vs 7-18 years), VA distribution was the following (%): 23.3 vs 76.7 for UC, 47.2 vs 52.8 for TC and 26.3 vs 73.7 for AVF (p=0.058). Regarding KF presentation, UC was used mainly to initiate HD in crashlanders (53.3%) and AVF was used mainly to start HD in children with steady kidney disease progression (63.2%) (p=0.003). The KRT modality of using prevalent KF pediatric pts has also changed significantly over time: pts on HD decreased from 34.9% (n=15, mean age 13.5 yr) in 1997 to 4.7% (n=5, mean age 11.6 yr) in 2018 and, conversely, pts with a kidney graft increased from 62.8% (n=27, mean age 13.7 yr) to 92.4% (n=98, mean age 11.2 yr) during the same period (for both comparisons, p<0.001). The percentage of children dialyzed through an AVF decreased progressively from 1997 (100%) to 2018 (0%) (p<0.001). All prevalent HD pts were dialyzed through a catheter in 2018. The KT rate increased significantly from 5.4 pmp (n=6) in 1997 to 17.1 pmp (n=24) in 2018 (p=0.007). The median time on HD (months) prior to the first KT decreased progressively from 23.1 during the 1984-1989 period to 6.6 during the 2014-2018 period (p<0.001). Conclusions 1) The VA profile of pediatric population treated with HD in Catalonia has radically changed over time. 2) Since 2012, AVF has practically disappeared as the VA in the incident and prevalent pediatric population on HD. 3) Almost all children treated by HD since 2012 were dialyzed through a catheter due to the short waiting time before receiving a kidney graft. 4) The high KT rate was a determining factor in choosing the AV type in the pediatric population treated with HD in Catalonia.

Neuraesthenia Revisited: ICD–10 and DSM–III–R Psychiatric Syndromes in Chronic Fatigue Patients and Comparison Subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Farmer ◽  
Irene Jones ◽  
Janis Hillier ◽  
Meirion Llewelyn ◽  
Leszek Borysiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundDifferent definitions of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have different psychiatric exclusion criteria and this affects the type and frequency of associated psychiatric morbidity found. The operational criteria for neuraesthenia in ICD–10 vary in this and other respects from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for CFS. Neuraesthenia and associated psychiatric morbidity in CDC-defined CFS are evaluated.MethodCFS subjects and controls were interviewed with the Schedule for the Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). The computerised scoring program for SCAN (CATEG05) facilitates the assignment of operational definitions according to DSM–III–R and ICD–10. Subjects were re-interviewed with SCAN an average of 11 months later. No specific treatments or interventions were given during this period.ResultsThe majority of subjects fulfilled ICD–10 operational criteria for neuraesthenia and had two and a half times the rate of psychiatric morbidity as the healthy comparison group according to the CATEG05 Index of Definition (ID). Approximately 80% of subjects fulfilled both DSM–III–R and ICD–10 criteria for sleep disorders. There was a significant fall in the number of subjects fulfilling criteria for depression and anxiety disorders and a significant increase in the number of subjects with no diagnosis for DSM–III–R criteria over time. There were no significant changes over time for any diagnosis according to ICD–10 criteria or for overall levels of psychopathology as reflected in CATEG05 ID levels.ConclusionsThe ICD–10 ‘neuraesthenia’ definition identifies almost all subjects with CDC-defined CFS. Fifty per cent of CFS subjects also had depressive or anxiety disorders, some categories of which remit spontaneously over time.

Natural history of untreated syringomyelia in pediatric patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ash Singhal ◽  
Tim Bowen-Roberts ◽  
Paul Steinbok ◽  
Doug Cochrane ◽  
Angela T. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Nonoperative Treatment ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Axial Diameter ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Object The natural history of syringomyelia in pediatric patients remains uncertain. Although symptomatic and operative cases of syringomyelia are well studied, there are fewer articles in the literature on the nonoperative syrinx and its clinical and radiological course. The purpose of this research was to analyze the natural history of untreated syringomyelia in pediatric patients presenting with minimal neurological symptoms. Methods A review of the neurosurgery database at British Columbia's Children's Hospital identified all pediatric patients (< 18 years of age) with syringes identified on MR imaging. Patients were included in this study if they had at least 2 MR images of the spine, at least 1 year apart, while receiving nonoperative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine changes in the size of the syrinx over time. Clinic notes were analyzed to establish demographic and clinical features and to determine any clinical changes over time. Results A total of 17 patients were included in the study. Symptoms at presentation were often mild and included limb numbness (3 cases), headaches (2 cases), mild sensory deficits (2 cases), mild motor deficits (3 cases), and intermittent incontinence (7 cases). The consultant neurosurgeon believed that the syrinx was not contributing to the symptoms in these 17 patients. The syrinx either remained unchanged (7 cases) or diminished in size (8 cases) in a total of 15 patients (88%). In the remaining 2 patients the authors noted an increase in syrinx size, in 1 of whom the clinical course also worsened. Both of these patients had a Chiari malformation and subsequently underwent craniocervical decompression. Overall, the mean change was −0.7 mm of maximal axial diameter (range −2.6 to +2.7 mm). Sixteen patients (94%) exhibited no worsening of symptoms over time. Conclusions Syringomyelia often remains stable in patients receiving nonoperative treatment. However, given that 2 (12%) of 17 syringes in this series enlarged, it is likely appropriate to include periodic imaging in the follow-up of these cases.

Salmonella entericaserotypes and antibiotic susceptibility in New Zealand, 2002–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. BROUGHTON ◽  
H. M. HEFFERNAN ◽  
C. L. COLES
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Common Serotypes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYWe analysed the serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of 1560 human and 1505 non-humanSalmonellaisolated in New Zealand (NZ) between 2002 and 2007. The most common serotypes in humans wereSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium,S. Enteritidis,S. Brandenburg andS. Infantis. Over the 6-year period human cases due toS. Agona andS. Enteritidis increased and cases due toS. Typhimurium decreased. The most common serotypes from non-human sources wereS. Typhimurium,S. Brandenberg,S. Hindmarsh andS. Infantis, and there were no significant changes over time. More isolates were non-susceptible to streptomycin than to any other antibiotic. Almost all isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. There were significant trends of increasing non-susceptibility to streptomycin and sulfonamides in isolates from human and non-human sources, while ampicillin, tetracycline and multidrug non-susceptibility also increased in human isolates. Despite these increases, rates of antibiotic non-susceptibility inSalmonellain NZ are still lower than in many international settings.

scholarly journals Følelseshistorie – Teoretiske brudflader og udfordringer.

Kulturstudier ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Vallgårda
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Social Constitution ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

<p>Følelseshistorie er et forskningsfelt i eksplosiv vækst. Med udgangspunkt i væsentlige nyere bidrag inden for historiefaget og kulturstudier diskuterer artiklen de centrale teoretiske problemstillinger, forskere konfronteres med, når de vil undersøge følelser i forskellige historiske kontekster: Hvordan skal vi definere følelser? I hvor høj grad er de socialt konstituerede og kulturelt specifikke? Er der noget naturgivent og universelt ved det menneskelige følelsesliv? Artiklen taler for at undersøge følelser som en form for praksis, der udspringer fra en social struktureret krop, og som påvirker de sociale sammenhænge, hvori de udøves.</p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The history of emotions is currently a rapidly expanding field. Probing a number of important recent contributions to the field, this article discusses the central theoretical and methodological challenges that researchers must confront when interrogating emotions in different historical contexts: How should we define emotions? To what extent are they socially constituted and culturally contingent? Is there anything universal about human emotional experience? The article makes the case that the greatest challenge for historians of emotion is to conceptualize emotions in a way that captures their social constitution while at the same time implies a principle of emotional changes over time. Taking Monique Scheer’s concept of ”emotional practices” as a starting point, the article argues that it could productively be combined with theories that point to the sociopolitical effects of emotions. This conceptualization makes it possible to shift the theoretical focus away from the emotions’ ontological status towards an analysis of how emotions are done and with what effects. Examining different empirical examples from postcolonial studies, the article finally shows how the concept of emotional practices is useful to think with in analyses of the sociopolitical implications of emotions.</em></p>

scholarly journals Developing an Adaptive Mobile Intervention to Address Risky Substance Use Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Usability Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara N Coughlin ◽  
Inbal Nahum-Shani ◽  
Meredith L Philyaw-Kotov ◽  
Erin E Bonar ◽  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND Substance use among adolescents and emerging adults continues to be an important public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) provides a promising approach to deliver just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to prevent escalation of use and substance use–related consequences. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aims to describe the iterative development and initial feasibility and acceptability testing of an mHealth smartphone app, called MiSARA, designed to reduce escalation in substance use. METHODS We used social media advertisements to recruit youth (n=39; aged 16-24 years, who screened positive for past-month binge drinking or recreational cannabis use) with a waiver of parental consent. Participants used the MiSARA app for 30 days, with feasibility and acceptability data reported at a 1-month follow-up. We present descriptive data regarding behavior changes over time. RESULTS The results show that most participants (31/39, 79%) somewhat liked the app at least, with most (29/39, 74%) rating MiSARA as 3 or more stars (out of 5). Almost all participants were comfortable with self-reporting sensitive information within the app (36/39, 92%); however, most participants also desired more interactivity (27/39, 69%). In addition, participants’ substance use declined over time, and those reporting using the app more often reported less substance use at the 1-month follow-up than those who reported using the app less often. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the MiSARA app is a promising platform for JITAI delivery, with future trials needed to optimize the timing and dose of messages and determine efficacy.

A Timely Intervention: Tracking the Changing Meanings of Political Concepts with Word Vectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Rodman
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Bootstrap Resampling ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Implementation Method ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Word vectorization is an emerging text-as-data method that shows great promise for automating the analysis of semantics—here, the cultural meanings of words—in large volumes of text. Yet successes with this method have largely been confined to massive corpora where the meanings of words are presumed to be fixed. In political science applications, however, many corpora are comparatively small and many interesting questions hinge on the recognition that meaning changes over time. Together, these two facts raise vexing methodological challenges. Can word vectors trace the changing cultural meanings of words in typical small corpora use cases? I test four time-sensitive implementations of word vectors (word2vec) against a gold standard developed from a modest data set of 161 years of newspaper coverage. I find that one implementation method clearly outperforms the others in matching human assessments of how public dialogues around equality in America have changed over time. In addition, I suggest best practices for using word2vec to study small corpora for time series questions, including bootstrap resampling of documents and pretraining of vectors. I close by showing that word2vec allows granular analysis of the changing meaning of words, an advance over other common text-as-data methods for semantic research questions.

Multiplicative Hazard Models for Studying the Evolution of Mortality

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guillen ◽  
J. P. Nielsen ◽  
A. M. Perez-Marin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Marginal Integration ◽  
Single Figure ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTAlmost all over the world, decreasing mortality rates and increasing life expectancy have led to greater interest in estimating and predicting mortality. Here we describe some of the pitfalls which can result from the use of the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) while evaluating the development of mortality over time, in particular when SMRs are applied to insurance portfolios varying dramatically over time. Although an excellent comparative study of a single-figure index for a number of countries was recently done by Macdonald et al. (1998), we advocate care when attempting to extend this type of method to insurance data. Here we promote the use of genuine multiplicative modelling such as in Felipe et al. (2001), who compared the mortality rates in Denmark and Spain. The starting point for our study was the two-dimensional mortality estimator of Nielsen & Linton (1995), which considers mortality as a function of chronological time and age. From the principle of marginal integration (see Nielsen & Linton, 1995, and Linton et al., 2003), estimators of the multiplicative model can be obtained from this two-dimensional estimator. An application of the method is provided for mortality data of the United States of America, England & Wales, France, Italy, Japan and Russia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document