scholarly journals Long-Term Impacts of Forest Road Crossings of Wetlands in Pennsylvania

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Robert L. Miller ◽  
David R. Dewalle ◽  
Robert P. Brooks ◽  
James C. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Riparian Wetlands ◽  
Channel Stability ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Ownership Types

Abstract A survey was conducted of 70 forest road crossings of wetlands in Pennsylvania to describe the characteristics of these crossings and to evaluate the long-term impacts of the crossings on habitat quality, channel stability, vegetation, wetland width and channel sediment embeddedness above and below the crossings. Sampling was stratified into five physiographic provinces and three land ownership types. Difficulty was encountered in identifying sites for the survey especially in the glaciated northwest region and on private and industry lands. The majority of samples obtained were from unglaciated provinces and public lands. Wetlands identified were primarily linear riparian wetlands associated with first- and second-order channels. Crossings encountered were largely gravel-covered culverts used to provide access to adjacent management areas. Only 35 of 814 comparisons of mean environmental conditions above and below the wetland crossings were found to be significant. Significant differences that did occur suggested that stream bed fine sediment levels were higher, basal area lower, and herbaceous cover higher in the immediate vicinity of some crossings simply due to the presence of the road and fill banks. North. J. Appl. For. 14(3):109-116.

Optimales Layout einer Walderschliessung

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Leo Bont
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Optimal Layout ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Short Time

Optimal layout of a forest road network The road network is the backbone of forest management. When creating or redesigning a forest road network, one important question is how to shape the layout, this means to fix the spatial arrangement and the dimensioning standard of the roads. We consider two kinds of layout problems. First, new forest road network in an area without any such development yet, and second, redesign of existing road network for actual requirements. For each problem situation, we will present a method that allows to detect automatically the optimal road and harvesting layout. The method aims to identify a road network that concurrently minimizes the harvesting cost, the road network cost (construction and maintenance) and the hauling cost over the entire life cycle. Ecological issues can be considered as well. The method will be presented and discussed with the help of two case studies. The main benefit of the application of optimization tools consists in an objective-based planning, which allows to check and compare different scenarios and objectives within a short time. The responses coming from the case study regions were highly positive: practitioners suggest to make those methods a standard practice and to further develop the prototype to a user-friendly expert software.

scholarly journals The implications of vehicle collisions for the Endangered endemic Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Harry Olgun ◽  
Mzee Khamis Mohammed ◽  
Abbas Juma Mzee ◽  
M. E. Landry Green ◽  
Tim R. B. Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Ecology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Roads affect wildlife in a variety of negative ways. Road ecology studies have mostly concentrated on areas in the northern hemisphere despite the potentially greater impact of roads on biodiversity in tropical habitats. Here, we examine 4 years (January 2016–December 2019) of opportunistic observations of mammalian roadkill along a road intersecting Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Unguja, Zanzibar. In particular, we assess the impact of collisions on the population of an endemic primate, the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii. Primates accounted for the majority of roadkill in this dataset. Monthly rainfall was not associated with roadkill frequency for mammals generally, nor for the Zanzibar red colobus. No single age–sex class of colobus was found dead more often than expected given their occurrence in the local population. The overall effect of roadkill on colobus populations in habitats fragmented by roads is unknown given the lack of accurate, long-term life history data for this species. Our findings suggest that mortality from collisions with vehicles in some groups of colobus is within the range of mortality rates other primates experience under natural predation. Unlike natural predators, however, vehicles do not kill selectively, so their impact on populations may differ. Although a comparison with historical accounts suggests that the installation of speedbumps along the road near the Park's entrance has led to a significant decrease in colobus roadkill, further actions to mitigate the impact of the road could bring substantial conservation benefits.

Differences in forest disturbance among land ownership types in Poland during and after socialism

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kuemmerle ◽  
J. Kozak ◽  
V. C. Radeloff ◽  
P. Hostert
Keyword(s):  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Ownership Types

The Study on Preventing Users Electic Larceny

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2939-2942
Author(s):  
Ying Ying Yang ◽  
Yi Shan ◽  
Zhi Tong Liu ◽  
Jian Feng Li ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The Road ◽  
Energy Meter ◽  
Power Means ◽  
Long Time

For a long time,users electic larceny has been a headache topic of the electric power department.The users long-term electic larceny has brought great economic loss to the power supply department.In recent years,the stealing power means are emerging in an endless stream,and they have been broght mant difficulties to prevent electic larceny.But the road is high one feet evil spirite is high one a unit of lengh, according to the study on electic energy meter,we will understand the electic larceny means at the sours.Therefore, further study of stealing power means is also our current priority,only the better anti-stealing electic power means, can be completely blocked leak.

scholarly journals A Typical Meteorological Year Generation Based on NASA Satellite Imagery (GEOS-I) for Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka S. Ohunakin ◽  
Muyiwa S. Adaramola ◽  
Olanrewaju M. Oyewola ◽  
Richard L. Fagbenle ◽  
Fidelis I. Abam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Building Energy Simulation ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Northwest Region

Computer simulation of buildings and solar energy systems are being used increasingly in energy assessments and design. This paper evaluates the typical meteorological year (TMY) for Sokoto, northwest region, Nigeria, using 23-year hourly weather data including global solar radiation, dew point temperature, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Filkenstein-Schafer statistical method was utilized for the creation of a TMY for the site. The persistence of mean dry bulb temperature and daily global horizontal radiation on the five candidate months were evaluated. TMY predictions were compared with the 23-year long-term average values and are found to have close agreement and can be used in building energy simulation for comparative energy efficiency study.

scholarly journals The road to achieving the long-term Paris targets: energy transition and the role of direct air capture

2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Marcucci ◽  
Socrates Kypreos ◽  
Evangelos Panos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture

scholarly journals A case study of combined winter road snow plowing and de-icer spreading

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Quirion-Blais ◽  
André Langevin ◽  
Martin Trépanier
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Snow Plowing ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Turn Restrictions ◽  
Maintenance Problem

In this article, we address a winter maintenance problem where the streets need to be plowed and gritted in a sequence that depends on the class of the road. The maintenance fleet includes vehicles equipped for plowing, some for spreading, and some for both at once. The objective is to complete the operations as rapidly as possible while considering street hierarchy, turn restrictions, heterogeneous speeds, and street–vehicle compatibility. An adaptive large neighborhood search framework is developed to solve the problem. Analysis of the results obtained can provide both a good basis for vehicle routing and help managers plan long-term policies and investments.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Long-term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedali Emami ◽  
Luísa Andrade ◽  
Adélio Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
The Road ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Nanostructured Thin Film ◽  
Thin Film Photovoltaics

Perovskite solar cells made a huge breakthrough among the nanostructured thin film photovoltaics. They exhibited certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high 24 % in 2015. A vast amount of research were spent on improvement of PCE and lowering the fabrication process temperature, resulting in outstanding outcomes in these areas. In contrast, the long-term stability and commercialization of these devices were not well studied. The review briefly summaries the challenges of perovskite solar cells in the road of stabilization and commercialization.

scholarly journals The Road to Sustainable Development: Existing Problems and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (09) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Kaustubh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Road ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

The debate about developing countries having to choose between economic growth and biodiversity protection has been going on for a long time. This paper sought to add to existing literature written on that topic by exploring the relationship between economic growth and biodiversity loss. It argued that in the long term, developing countries need to protect biodiversity as a prerequisite for economic growth to occur and that the severe impact of biodiversity loss on vulnerable indigenous communities is a reason enough to make the protection of biodiversity a priority. The researcher first identified the primary reasons for why biodiversity occurs, then advocated for the prevention of biodiversity by exploring two impacts of biodiversity loss: the impact on indigenous communities and the impact on economic growth. The paper then briefly also explained the policies that both governments, as well as nongovernment actors, can implement in order to tackle biodiversity loss and protect our environment.

Decision making for highway complex scenario by improved safety field with learning process

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110532
Author(s):  
Can Xu ◽  
Wanzhong Zhao ◽  
Jingqiang Liu ◽  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
The Road

To improve the agility and efficiency of the highway decision-making system and overcome the local optimal dilemma of the existing safety field, this paper builds an improved safety field to reflect the advantage of the reachable states and the learning process is further employed to make the decision long-term optimal. Firstly, the improved safety field is prepared by the kinematic model-based prediction of surrounding vehicles and the boundary is determined elaborately to ensure real-time performance. Then, the field is constructed by three individual fields. One is the kinematic field, which is built based the safe-distance model to measure the colliding risk of both moving or no-moving objects accurately. Another is the road field that reflects the lane-marker constraint. The last is the efficiency field, which is introduced creatively to improve efficiency. Furthermore, the learning algorithm is adopted to learn the long-term optimal state-action sequence in the safety field. Finally, the simulations are conducted in Prescan platform to validate the feasibility of the improved safety field in complex scenarios. The results show that the proposed decision algorithm can always drive autonomous vehicle to the state with a long-term optimal payoff and can improve the overall performance compared to the existing pure safety field and the interaction-aware method.

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