scholarly journals Stand Structures and Height Growth Patterns in Northern White Cedar Stands on Wet Sites in Vermont

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Habitat Integrity ◽  
Northern White Cedar

Abstract The structure and growth of northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) was studied in 16 stands on wet sites in Vermont. White cedar and associate species representing the range in diameter were felled for stem analysis. Height growth curves were constructed. Structure of white cedar stands on wet sites in Vermont is often even-aged with a relatively uniform canopy due to restocking of former agricultural land, or two-aged, or multiaged, depending on degree of harvesting and other disturbances. On bog and swamp sites, cedar may reach less than 25 ft in height in 50 years whereas on upland sites wet only a portion of the growing season, they may reach 50 ft or greater in height. On well-drained upland sites, height growth may be greater, but cedar most likely may be displaced by other conifers and hardwoods. Basal area in pure and well-stocked maturing stands may exceed 300 ft2, and volumes can exceed 12,000 ft3/ac. In high-density stands, there is usually little understory. Very small amounts of cedar regeneration were observed in the stands studied. Some of the stands had a distinct browse line, and deer are presumed to have a major impact on cedar regeneration. All cedar stands are recognized as being of great importance as deer wintering areas. On the low-quality swamp and bog sites, minimal and careful harvest of cedar should be done to maintain deer habitat, integrity of the tree canopy, and associated understory vegetation. On sites with less water restrictions than in swamps and bogs, harvesting practices to maintain wildlife habitat and assure regeneration and thinning and pruning to improve growth rate and value of harvested wood should be considered. North. J. Appl. For. 21(4):173–179.

Height Growth and Site Index Curves for Douglas-Fir in the Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Means ◽  
Thomas E. Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Combined Data

Abstract On the Siuslaw National Forest in the central Oregon Coast Range we performed stem analysis of 55 trees selected with the criteria used by the forest. Height growth patterns of these trees were significantly different (α = 0.05) from commonly used regional height growth curves. Height growth patterns also differed significantly among groups of floristically similar plant associations in the Siuslaw National Forest. We constructed height growth and site index curves for two classes of plant associations having different height growth curve forms and for the combined data. Forest managers should consider building local height-growth and site-index curves if these are important in estimating stand yield or site productivity. West. J. Appl. For. 4(4):136-142, October 1989

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Site Class on Growth and Decay of Northern White-Cedar and Two Associates in Maine

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip V. Hofmeyer ◽  
Robert S. Seymour ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract Basal area growth of outwardly sound northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) was compared with that of balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) across site and light exposure class gradients on 60 sites throughout northern Maine. Once adjusted for sapwood area, northern white-cedar basal area growth was not strongly affected by site or light exposure class; growth was similar to that of red spruce but generally lower than that of balsam fir. Site index did not differ appreciably among soil drainage classes for red spruce and northern white-cedar, although small sample size limited analysis on upland site classes. Incidence of central decay was higher in northern white-cedar than balsam fir, which was higher than red spruce. Incidence of decay in outwardly sound northern white-cedar and balsam fir was highest on well-drained mineral soils, and mean proportion of basal area decayed at breast height increased in outwardly sound northern white-cedar as drainage improved from poorly drained to well-drained soils. These data suggest that northern white-cedar on lowland organic and poorly drained mineral soils in Maine have less decay, similar basal area growth, and similar site index relative to upland northern white-cedar communities.

Factors affecting northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) seedling establishment and early growth in mixedwood stands

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Larouche ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
Jean-Martin Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Group Selection ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
Mixedwood Stands

Regeneration of northern white-cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.) is often deficient after harvesting in mixedwood stands growing on mesic sites even where browsing pressure is low. We compared the effectiveness of silviculture treatments on early regeneration of white-cedar after single-tree selection cutting (25% of basal area removed), shelterwood seed cut (50% of basal area removed), and group selection cutting (gaps of 625 m2) in three yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) – softwood uneven-aged stands in Quebec, Canada. Three years after harvesting, the combination of factors that maximized abundance of white-cedar seedlings was single-tree selection cutting with artificial seeding on exposed mineral seedbeds (68.8% of plots with the presence of white-cedar). Early growth of planted white-cedar seedlings (40 cm tall) and biomass production were proportional to light availability, i.e., best under group selection cutting (mean height increment = 14.8 cm/year, mean root collar diameter increment = 3.0 mm/year). Browsing pressure has regional impacts depending on herbivore occupancy of the area. Our study was conducted near the northern limit of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780)), and deer were locally absent, while snowshoe hare ( Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) did not have a consistent effect on seedling abundance and early survival, limiting height growth only during the first year following planting.

Variations in northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) regeneration following operational selection cutting in mixedwood stands of western Quebec

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1311-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Saucier ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
Catherine Larouche
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
Harvesting Intensity ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Mixedwood Stands

Poorly adapted silvicultural practices and increases in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780)) populations have most likely contributed to the decline of northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) in many regions of eastern North America. Selection cutting has been suggested to regenerate northern white-cedar in mixedwood stands, but the approach has not yet been validated in an operational framework. The objective of this study was to determine how local variations in stand condition and treatment application influence northern white-cedar regeneration at an operational scale in mixedwood stands. Seventy treated and control permanent plots, having at least 10% of basal area in cedar, were selected in an operational harvesting site. A regeneration survey was conducted in 2014, 15 to 20 years after harvesting, and data on harvested trees and tree cover, as well as regeneration state and abundance, were collected. Results indicate that selection cutting allows for the establishment of northern white-cedar when deer densities are low, which was the case in the study sites. However, abundance of seed trees nearby, harvesting intensity, competition, and availability of establishment microsites influenced abundance, growth, and recruitment of northern white-cedar seedlings and saplings in the residual stand. Deer browsing had no effect on regeneration.

Site Index and Height Growth Curves for Ponderosa Pine, Western Larch, Lodgepole Pine, and Douglas-Fir in Western Montana

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey S. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Western Larch

Abstract Height growth patterns from several published site curve sytems for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca), western larch (Larix occidentalis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) were compared to stem analysis data from western Montana. Most of the published curves had height growth patterns that differed significantly from those in the data. The magnitude of the deviations often varied by level of site index; this appeared to be related to differences in the range of site qualities sampled. Those curves constructed from stem analysis data from geographically similar populations compared most closely. Curves constructed using guide curve techniques showed a consistent tendency to underpredict heights at greater ages. New site index and height growth curves are presented for each species. West. J. Appl. For. 7(1):9-14.

Height growth of young Pacific silver fir and noble fir established on clearcuts in the Pacific silver fir zone of western Washington

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall D. Murray ◽  
Dean Coble ◽  
Robert O. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Noble Fir ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Existing Data

Stem analyses were done on young (20–30 years at breast height) Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) trees established after clear-cut harvesting of old stands in the Pacific silver fir zone of western Washington. Early height-growth patterns and heights attained at 20 years breast-height age were compared with existing data and curves derived from old stands, and among plant associations and elevations. Early growth of Pacific silver fir and noble fir on recent clearcuts was more rapid than would be expected on the basis of existing data derived from old trees. We hypothesize that the more rapid growth of recently established stands represents the combined result of several factors, including less competition, possible climatic change, exclusion of poorer sites from the new sample, and bias associated with past shifts in competitive status of the old trees used to construct height-growth curves from stem analyses. Early height growth (to a breast-height age of 20) is strongly associated with elevation and with plant association groupings.

Height-growth and site-index curves for jack pine in north central Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Carmean ◽  
Daniel J. Lenthall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Average Height ◽  
North Central ◽  
A Site

Height-growth patterns for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were studied using stem analyses from dominant and codominant trees on 141 plots in north central Ontario. All plots were in natural, well-stocked, even-aged stands 50 years of age or older. Data from 32 of the 141 plots were randomly selected to confirm results, the remaining 109 plots were used for computing the curves. Height-growth curves were developed using a five-parameter Chapman–Richards nonlinear regression that expressed height as a function of age and site index. A site-index prediction equation was also computed using a similar model that expressed site index as a function of age and tree height. Estimated site index using height-growth curves based on the 109 computation plots agreed closely with site index observed from stem analyses on the 32 confirmation plots. Major results were as follows: (i) height-growth curves based on breast-height age were more accurate than curves based on total age; (ii) polymorphic height-growth patterns were related to site index, becoming more curvilinear as site index increased; (iii) average height-growth patterns were similar for jack pine growing on four glacial landforms: shallow and deep moraines, outwashed glacial sands, and lacustrine clays and silts; and (iv) height-growth patterns for ages less than 50 years were very similar to patterns of the commonly used Plonski curves for jack pine site classes in Ontario, but after 50 years, height growth was somewhat better for all sites than predicted by the Plonski curves.

scholarly journals Growth in achondroplasia, from birth to adulthood, analysed by the JPA-2 model

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595
Author(s):  
Mariana del Pino ◽  
Virginia Fano ◽  
Paula Adamo
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity

AbstractObjectivesIn general population, there are three phases in the human growth curve: infancy, childhood and puberty, with different main factors involved in their regulation and mathematical models to fit them. Achondroplasia children experience a fast decreasing growth during infancy and an “adolescent growth spurt”; however, there are no longitudinal studies that cover the analysis of the whole post-natal growth. Here we analyse the whole growth curve from infancy to adulthood applying the JPA-2 mathematical model.MethodsTwenty-seven patients, 17 girls and 10 boys with achondroplasia, who reached adult size, were included. Height growth data was collected from birth until adulthood. Individual growth curves were estimated by fitting the JPA-2 model to each individual’s height for age data.ResultsHeight growth velocity curves show that after a period of fast decreasing growth velocity since birth, with a mean of 9.7 cm/year at 1 year old, the growth velocity is stable in late preschool years, with a mean of 4.2 cm/year. In boys, age and peak height velocity in puberty were 13.75 years and 5.08 cm/year and reach a mean adult height of 130.52 cm. In girls, the age and peak height velocity in puberty were 11.1 years and 4.32 cm/year and reach a mean adult height of 119.2 cm.ConclusionsThe study of individual growth curves in achondroplasia children by the JPA-2 model shows the three periods, infancy, childhood and puberty, with a similar shape but lesser in magnitude than general population.

Effects of Crown Thinning on Baldcypress Height, Diameter, and Volume Growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Dicke ◽  
John R. Toliver
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Taxodium Distichum ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Crown Thinning ◽  
Epicormic Branching

Abstract Crown thinning a 63-year-old stand of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich.) averaging 220 ft²/ac of basal area to 180, 140, and 100 ft²/ac resulted in 5-year diameter growths of 0.44, 0.51, and 0.77 in., respectively. The unthinned control was significantly less at 0.31 in. Six-year height growth averaged 3.1 ft and was not influenced by treatment. Thinning to 140 and 100 ft²/ac stimulated epicormic branching on many trees, which may lower log quality. All crown thinning treatments appeared to increase sawtimber volume increment and sawtimber volume/ac over the control 5 years after thinning. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):252-256.

scholarly journals Using GEDI lidar data and airborne laser scanning to assess height growth dynamics in fast-growing species: a showcase in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Adrián Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Airborne Laser

Abstract Background The NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) satellite mission aims at scanning forest ecosystems on a multi-temporal short-rotation basis. The GEDI data can validate and update statistics from nationwide airborne laser scanning (ALS). We present a case in the Northwest of Spain using GEDI statistics and nationwide ALS surveys to estimate forest dynamics in three fast-growing forest ecosystems comprising 211,346 ha. The objectives were: i) to analyze the potential of GEDI to detect disturbances, ii) to investigate uncertainty source regarding non-positive height increments from the 2015–2017 ALS data to the 2019 GEDI laser shots and iii) to estimate height growth using polygons from the Forest Map of Spain (FMS). A set of 258 National Forest Inventory plots were used to validate the observed height dynamics. Results The spatio-temporal assessment from ALS surveying to GEDI scanning allowed the large-scale detection of harvests. The mean annual height growths were 0.79 (SD = 0.63), 0.60 (SD = 0.42) and 0.94 (SD = 0.75) m for Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp., respectively. The median annual values from the ALS-GEDI positive increments were close to NFI-based growth values computed for Pinus pinaster and Pinus radiata, respectively. The effect of edge border, spatial co-registration of GEDI shots and the influence of forest cover in the observed dynamics were important factors to considering when processing ALS data and GEDI shots. Discussion The use of GEDI laser data provides valuable insights for forest industry operations especially when accounting for fast changes. However, errors derived from positioning, ground finder and canopy structure can introduce uncertainty to understand the detected growth patterns as documented in this study. The analysis of forest growth using ALS and GEDI would benefit from the generalization of common rules and data processing schemes as the GEDI mission is increasingly being utilized in the forest remote sensing community.

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