scholarly journals Evaluation of Tree Seedling Mortality and Protective Strategies in Riparian Forest Restoration

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Keeton
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Protective Strategies

Abstract Riparian forest restoration can be severely constrained by tree seedling mortality. I evaluated the effects of tree shelters and planting density on herbivory and seedling mortality at a restoration site in the Lake Champlain Basin of Vermont. Eighteen experimental units were established along a 5th-order stream and planted with bare-root seedlings of seven species associated with northern hardwood floodplain forests. Two treatments were applied in a factorial design: shelters versus no shelters and high versus low planting density. Mortality and herbivory data were collected over three growing seasons. Survivorship declined to 56.4% after three growing seasons and varied significantly by species. Planting density, presence/absence of shelters, and their interaction had significant effects on survival, browse, or girdling intensity when tested for all species combined. Browse rates were high (44%), whereas girdling rates were low (3.4%). Both browse (P < 0.001) and girdling (P = 0.022) contributed to seedling mortality. High rates of deer browse on seedlings in shelters were due, in part, to the short height (60 cm) of the shelters, suggesting a need for taller shelters. A large portion (39%) of dead seedlings were neither browsed nor girdled, signaling the importance of other mortality agents. An adaptive approach is recommended to compensate for high seedling mortality and the limited effectiveness of protective devices.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of herbicides of JSC August company on potatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
В.Н. Зейрук ◽  
С.В. Васильева ◽  
Г.Л. Белов ◽  
М.К. Деревягина
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Continuous Action ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Efficiency Determination

Проведена полевая оценка биологической и хозяйственной эффективности гербицида сплошного действия Торнадо 500, ВР и двух схем применения гербицидов из разных химических классов АО Фирма «Август» против наиболее распространенных видов сорной растительности. Исследования проводили в 2017–2019 годах на экспериментальной базе «Коренево» (Люберецкий район Московской области) на участке, предназначенном под посадку картофеля, и непосредственно на посадках сорта Колобок. Густота посадки – 44 тыс. клубней/га (75×30 см). Срок посадки – первая декада мая. Все учеты, определение эффективности, статистическую обработку проводили по общепринятым методикам. Учеты засоренности выполняли подсчетом сорняков на пробных площадках по 0,25 м2 в шахматном порядке в десяти местах. Учеты проводили через месяц, полтора месяца и перед уборкой урожая картофеля. Первая схема состояла из довсходовой обработки Гамбитом, СК, 3,5 л/га и послевсходовой – баковой смесью препаратов Эскудо, ВДГ, 0,025 кг/га, и Лазурит Супер, КНЭ, 0,4 л/га. Вторая схема: дробное внесение Лазурита, СП – в довсходовый период, 0,8 кг/га, и при достижении растениями картофеля высоты 5–10 см – 0,3 кг/га с добавлением Эскудо, ВДГ, 0,025 кг/га. Обе схемы применяли с добавлением адъюванта Аллюр, Ж, 0,2 л/га. При изучении видового состава сорняков выявлено, что наибольшую долю в общем их количестве занимают из малолетних: марь белая, аистник, трехреберник непахучий и из многолетних – осот полевой и пырей ползучий. Биологическая эффективность осенней обработки гербицидом Торнадо 500, ВР составила 92,1–97,3%. Биологическая эффективность первой схемы в среднем за два года достигала 75,6–98,3%, второй – 68,9–93,4%. Применение гербицидов АО Фирма «Август» на среднеспелом сорте Колобок в условиях различного обеспечения влагой вегетационных периодов 2017–2019 годов обеспечило прибавку валовой урожайности на 25,8 и 24,2% соответственно по сравнению с контролем (24,8 т/га). A field assessment of the biological and economic effectiveness of the continuous-action herbicide Tornado 500, BP and two schemes for the use of herbicides from different chemical classes of JSC August company against the most common types of weed vegetation was carried out. The research was carried out in 2017–2019 at the experimental base Korenevo (Lyuberetsky district of the Moscow region) on a plot intended for planting potatoes and directly on the plantings of the Kolobok variety. Planting density – 44 thousand tubers/ha (75×30 cm). The planting period is the first decade of May. All accounting, efficiency determination, and statistical processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The infestation counts were carried out by counting weeds on test sites of 0.25 m2 in a staggered order in ten places. The surveys were carried out after a month, a month and a half, and before the potato harvest. The first scheme consisted of pre-emergence treatment with Gambit, SC, 3,5 l/ha and post-emergence-tank mixture of Escudo, EDG, 0,025 kg/ha and Lazurit Super, KNE, 0,4 l/ha. The second scheme: fractional application of Lazurit, SP – in the pre-emergence period of 0,8 kg/ha and when the potato plants reach a height of 5–10 cm 0,3 kg/ha with the addition of Escudo, EDG, 0,025 kg/ha. Both schemes were used with the addition of the adjuvant Allure, W, 0,2 l/ha. When studying the species composition of weeds, it was revealed that the largest share in their total number is occupied by young ones: white marsh, erodium, scentless false mayweed and from perennial ones-field sedge and creeping wheatgrass. The biological efficiency of the autumn treatment with the herbicide Tornado 500, BP was 92,1–97,3%. The biological efficiency in the average two years of the first scheme was 75,6–98,3%, the second – 68,9–93,4%. The use of herbicides of JSC August company on the medium-ripe variety Kolobok in conditions of various moisture supply of the growing seasons of 2017–2019 provided an increase in the gross yield of 25,8 and 24,2%, respectively, compared to the control (24,8 t/ha).

Tree seedling response to LED spectra: implications for forest restoration

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Montagnoli ◽  
R. Kasten Dumroese ◽  
Mattia Terzaghi ◽  
Jeremiah R. Pinto ◽  
Nicoletta Fulgaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Tree Seedling

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS PARA INDUÇÃO DA REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL EM ÁREA DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE SOB USO ANTERIOR DO SOLO COM Pinus elliottii

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Amândio Schorn ◽  
Andres Krieger ◽  
Marmonn Canestraro Nadolny ◽  
Tatiele Anete Bergamo Fenilli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Speed Up

Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os efeitos de diferentes técnicas para indução da regeneração natural em uma área de preservação permanente, após o corte final de um povoamento de Pinus elliottii. O experimento foi instalado em dezembro de 2004, em uma fazenda da empresa Renova Floresta, no município de Rio Negrinho, estado de Santa Catarina. Foram estabelecidos sete tratamentos aplicando técnicas que visam acelerar o processo de restabelecimento da vegetação florestal. Em julho de 2008 foi realizada a amostragem da vegetação arbórea, nas áreas correspondentes aos tratamentos implantados, quando foram mensurados todos os indivíduos maiores que 0,20 m de altura. Foram avaliadas a estrutura horizontal, riqueza, diversidade, participação de grupos ecológicos e distribuição das alturas. Solanum variabile, Baccharis uncinela e Eupatorium compressum foram as espécies de maior frequência, densidade e importância na maioria dos tratamentos aplicados. A aplicação de chuva de sementes, transposição de solo e instalação de poleiros resultaram em densidades mais elevadas de plantas. A riqueza de espécies e a diversidade foram maiores nos tratamentos com plantio de enriquecimento, aplicação de chuva de sementes e instalação de poleiros artificiais. A densidade, diversidade e riqueza de espécies foram consideradas as variáveis mais adequadas para a avaliação da restauração ecológica. Palavras-chave: Regeneração natural; floresta ciliar; restauração florestal.  AbstractEvaluation of techniques for induction of regeneration in permanent preservation areas under former use of the soil with Pinus elliottii. This work aimed at evaluating the effects of seven techniques for natural regenerative induction in an area of permanent preservation, after the final cut of Pinus elliottii stand. The experiment was installed on a farm belonging to Renova Forest Co., in the municipality of Rio Negrinho, State of Santa Catarina on December 2004. Seven treatments were installed using techniques to speed up the forest vegetation restoration. On July 2008 tree sampling was done in the areas corresponding to the seven treatments, with measurement of all individuals higher than 0.20 m. Evaluated aspects were the horizontal structure, richness, diversity, participation and distribution of ecological groups of heights. Solanum variabile, Uncinela Baccharis and Eupatorium compressun were the species of higher frequency, density and size in most treatments. The application of seed rain, soil transposition and the installation of perches resulted in higher plant densities. The richness of species and diversity were higher in treatments with enrichment planting, application of seed rain and installation of artificial perches. The density, diversity and species richness variables have been considered more appropriate for the evaluation of ecological restoration.Keywords: Natural regeneration; riparian forest; forest restoration.

scholarly journals The effect of habitat conditions on the abundance of populations and selected individual and floral traits of Impatiens glandulifera Royle

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Spur Length

Abstract The effect of site conditions on the abundance of populations of I. glandulifera, selected individual features (height and width of stems, number of whorls and side branches, flower production), and floral traits (total length of flowers, length and width of lower sepal, spur length) were investigated in years 2013-14. Observations were conducted on fallow land, at roadsides, along riverbanks and edges of a riparian forest as well as in a willow thicket and a riparian forest inside located in the Vistula River valley in southern Poland. In these stands, taken successively, light availability gradually diminished, while plant canopy height and soil moisture increased. The low abundance of the population on the fallow land may have been caused by low soil humidity triggering seedling mortality, whereas the low abundance in the interior of the riparian forest may have been due to seasonal water stagnation hampering the development of offspring. The increasing values of individual traits from the fallow land to riparian forest edge might be linked to growing lateral shade, whereas the much lower values in the willow thicket and forest interior might be caused by full shade. Individuals growing on the fallow land, at roadsides, and along riverbanksproduced flowers with small total lengths and large lower sepals and spurs, whereas individuals occurring in willow thickets and riparian forests showed opposite tendency. The considerable stem dimensions and substantial production of large flowers may augment chances for successful resource capture and pollinator visits in open sites, while the reduced size of individuals and moderate production of small flowers may be sufficient for the maintenance of populations in closed habitats

scholarly journals Perceptions of environmental change and use of traditional knowledge to plan riparian forest restoration with relocated communities in Alcântara, Eastern Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Celentano ◽  
Guillaume Rousseau ◽  
Vera Engel ◽  
Cristiane Façanha ◽  
Elivaldo de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Riparian Forest

Can carbon credits fund riparian forest restoration?

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Matzek ◽  
Cedric Puleston ◽  
John Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Carbon Credits

scholarly journals Covering Norway spruce container seedlings with reflective shading cloth during field storage affects seedling post-planting growth

New Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Tikkinen ◽  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
Jaana Luoranen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Growing Seasons

AbstractThe field storage of container seedlings is often a necessity after the seedlings have been transported from nurseries close to the regeneration area. Suboptimal storage conditions can lead to reduced growth or even seedling mortality. Supporting favourable conditions for the seedlings during storage requires labour, especially for the watering of seedlings, and therefore increases the costs of forest regeneration. In this study, we examined the effects of covering Norway spruce container seedlings with a reflective shading cloth and neglecting the watering during field storage. This was done by measuring the drying of the seedlings during field storage, the rooting of the seedlings when planting, and the subsequent survival and performance in the field two and three growing seasons after planting. The study comprised one-year-old Norway spruce container seedlings covered with reflective shading cloth and seedlings with no cover (subject to rainfall) in 2012 and 2013; additionally, in 2013, replicates from both treatments were stored in conditions where rainfall was impeded. The stem water potential was measured, a rooting test was carried out, and the seedlings were planted in the test field weekly over 42 days of field storage without watering. As a novel finding, the results indicate that covering the seedlings with a reflective shading cloth during the field storage increased the risk of grey mould in summer storage and led to negative effects regarding post planting seedling development. The application of a shading cloth directly on the seedlings cannot be recommended to prolong the watering intervals during field storage in the current climatic conditions in Southern Finland, where the risk of grey mould is high.

scholarly journals Riparian forest restoration as sources of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in anthropogenic landscapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Antonini ◽  
Marina V. Beirão ◽  
Fernanda V. Costa ◽  
Cristiano S. Azevedo ◽  
Maria M. Wojakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Ecosystem Multifunctionality

AbstractRestoration of tropical riparian forests is challenging, since these ecosystems are the most diverse, dynamic, and complex physical and biological terrestrial habitats. This study tested whether biodiversity can predict ecosystem functions in a human-impacted tropical riparian forest.We explored the effects of several biodiversity components (taxonomic or functional groups) on different ecosystem functions associated with restored riparian forestsOverall, 49% of the biodiversity components showed positive effects on ecosystem functions, each component to a different degree. In general, our results showed that both taxonomic and functional biodiversity had strong effects on ecosystem functions indicating that floral and faunal biodiversity enhanced the multifunctionality of these restored riparian tropical forests.These findings indicate that in restored riparian forests, recovery of biodiversity is followed by improvement in important ecosystem functions that are the basis for successful restoration. Future research and policy for restoration programs must focus on restoring elementary faunal and floral components of biodiversity in order to promote ecosystem multifunctionality.

scholarly journals Ichthyofauna from three streams of the lower Iguatemi River in the upper Paraná river basin, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Flávia Batista-Silva ◽  
Augusto Frota ◽  
Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui ◽  
Milza Celi Fedatto Abelha ◽  
Dayani Bailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The ichthyofauna from 3 streams (Água Boa, Perobão, and Santa Maria) to the lower Iguatemi River were inventoried, which is located in the upper Paraná river basin, in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Sites in the upper, intermediate, and lower portions of each stream were quarterly electrofished from March to December 2008. All sampled fish (n = 6,816 individuals) represented 43 species of 5 orders, and 16 families. The most abundant species was Phalloceros harpagos (63.5%), followed by Astyanax aff. paranae (10.6%), Hypostomus ancistroides (5.9%), Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (3.4%), and Knodus moenkhausii (2.7%). Despite the high ichthyofauna richness in the lower portion of Iguatemi River, the need to implement and/or expand soil conservation practices and riparian forest restoration is of utmost importance to maintain these populations in the long term. 

scholarly journals Reintroduced native Populus nigra in restored floodplain reduces spread of exotic poplar species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Vanden Broeck ◽  
Karen Cox ◽  
Alexander Van Braeckel ◽  
Sabrina Neyrinck ◽  
Nico De Regge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
Significant Gene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poplar Seedlings

1.AbstractExotic Populus taxa pose a threat to the success of riparian forest restoration in floodplain areas. We evaluated the impact of exotic Populus taxa on softwood riparian forest development along the river Common Meuse after introducing native Populus nigra and after the re-establishment of the natural river dynamics. We sampled 154 poplar seedlings that spontaneously colonised restored habitat and assessed their taxonomy based on diagnostic chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. Furthermore, by using a paternity analysis on 72 seedlings resulting from six open pollinated P. nigra females, we investigated natural hybridization between frequently planted cultivated poplars and native P. nigra. The majority of the poplar seedlings from the gravel banks analyzed where identified as P. nigra; only 2% of the sampled seedlings exhibited genes of exotic poplar species. Similarly, the majority of the seedlings from the open pollinated progenies were identified as P. nigra. For three seedlings (4%), paternity was assigned to a cultivar of P. x canadensis. Almost two decades after reintroducing P. nigra, the constitution of the seed and pollen pools changed in the study area in favour of reproduction of the native species and at the expense of the exotic poplar species. This study indicates that, although significant gene flow form exotic poplars is observed in European floodplains, restoration programmes of the native P. nigra can vigorously outcompete the exotic gene flows and strongly reduce the impact of exotic Populus taxa on the softwood riparian forest development.

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