scholarly journals COT-13 Current situation and problems of cancer genomic profiling test in Kyoto University Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. ii22-ii22
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Arakawa ◽  
Junko Suga ◽  
Yukinori Terada ◽  
Kohei Nakajima ◽  
Masahiro Tanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Genomic Profiling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Final Test ◽  
First Time ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Secondary Finding

Abstract Objective: Kyoto University Hospital has introduced the cancer genomic profiling tests, Oncoprime in 2015, Guardant360 in 2018, which are not under insurance coverage, FoundationOne CDx(F1CDx) and OncoGuide NCC Oncopanel system(NCC OP) in 2019, which received approval for insurance coverage for the first time in Japan. We investigated the results of cancer genomic profiling test under insurance coverage in our hospital. Methods: A special facility for the cancer genomic profiling tests was produced. To perform the cancer genomic profiling test, an outpatient must visit the facility three times (learning, ordering of the test, and getting the results). The expert panels decide the final test results and treatment options with the all information of the patients. Results: From November 2019 to March 2020, 51 and 9 patients were tested with F1CDx and NCC OP, respectively. 16 patients (31%) of F1CDX and 2 patients (22%) of NCC OP got treatment recommendations from the expert panels. However, only 5 patients (9.8%) of F1CDX and 1 patient (11%) of NCC OP received the treatments. The secondary finding suspecting germline mutations was found in 8 patients of F1CDX. Conclusion: After the approval the cancer genomic profiling tests with insurance coverage in Japan, it becomes easy for the patients to perform the test and get the genetic information of the tumor. However, it remains not easy to receive the recommended drugs because of several limitations of their usages.

scholarly journals Communicating risk in active surveillance of localised prostate cancer: a protocol for a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017372
Author(s):  
Frances Rapport ◽  
Anne Hogden ◽  
Howard Gurney ◽  
David Gillatt ◽  
Mia Bierbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Human Research Ethics ◽  
Patient Questionnaires ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time ◽  
To Receive

IntroductionOne in five men is likely to receive a diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) by the age of 85 years. Men diagnosed with low-risk PCa may be eligible for active surveillance (AS) to monitor their cancer to ensure that any changes are discovered and responded to in a timely way. Communication of risk in this context is more complicated than determining a numerical probability of risk, as patients wish to understand the implications of risk on their lives in concrete terms. Our study will examine how risk for PCa is perceived, experienced and communicated by patients using AS with their health professionals, and the implications for treatment and care.Methods and analysisThis is a proof of concept study, testing out a multimethod, qualitative approach to data collection in the context of PCa for the first time in Australia. It is being conducted from November 2016 to December 2017 in an Australian university hospital urology clinic. Participants are 10 men with a diagnosis of localised PCa, who are using an AS protocol, and 5 health professionals who work with this patient group (eg, urologists and Pca nurses). Data will be collected using observations of patient consultations with health professionals, patient questionnaires and interviews, and interviews with healthcare professionals. Analysis will be conducted in two stages. First, observational data from consultations will be analysed thematically to encapsulate various dimensions of risk classification and consultation dialogue. Second, interview data will be coded to derive meaning in text and analysed thematically. Overarching themes will represent patient and health professional perspectives of risk communication.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been granted by Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee, approval 5201600638. Knowledge translation will be achieved through publications, reports and conference presentations to patients, families, clinicians and researchers.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Genomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ankur R. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Genomic Testing ◽  
Genomic Profiling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Improved Outcomes

<p>The landscape of lung cancer treatment is rapidly evolving with the use of genomic testing which helps identify specific mutations or resistance mutations for these heterogenous tumors. Advanced lung cancer has a very poor prognosis but identifying other treatment options based on genomic profiling of the tumor can lead to improved outcomes. Evidence of benefit for genomic testing in lung cancer has now resulted in this test becoming part of national guidelines. There are challenges with genomic testing which need to be understood as well as understanding how to apply test results. These results can help identify treatment options or may serve as predictors to respond to specific therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> In the current era of precision medicine, it is imperative clinicians be familiar with genomic testing and be able to offer it to their cancer patients, specifically those with advanced lung cancer.</p>

Online education needs and preferences of patients with cancer and their caregivers.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21669-e21669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Herrmann ◽  
Pamela M. Peters ◽  
Emily Sherene Van Laar
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
To Receive

e21669 Background: Patients and caregivers have many questions upon receiving a diagnosis of cancer. One way to help alleviate this burden, and enable participation in care is through education. Patient education correlates with higher levels of satisfaction and improved clinical outcomes. However, little is known about how patients and caregivers define their education needs. Methods: We surveyed patients with cancer and caregivers to assess their perceived education needs and resources. Results:2327 individuals representing 9 malignancies participated in the survey. Participants were predominantly patients (72%), with a majority (51%) having received their initial diagnosis of cancer within the past 2 years. Less than a quarter (22%) of respondents felt their educational needs were being completely met by available resources. Respondents were most likely to seek out information at the time of diagnosis (24%) and to increase understanding of treatment options (24%). Conversely, individuals were least likely to seek education upon disease progression (7%). In all malignancies examined, the 2 topics considered most important were treatment options (70%-89%) and understanding test results (74%-87%) while information about how to take medication as prescribed was deemed least important (46%-67%). Conclusions: Our study identified a lack of educational materials available and designed to meet cancer patients’ needs on the internet. Given that few patients and caregivers reported that their educational needs are being met, efforts may be needed to ensure that those patients who want to receive education to become informed patients can find what they need, when they need it.

Clinical Analysis of Patch Test Results Using the Japanese Standard Allergen Series (2008) at Kyushu University Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
Eriko ITOH ◽  
Takeshi NAKAHARA ◽  
Makiko KIDO-NAKAHARA ◽  
Futoshi KOHDA ◽  
Masakgazu TAKAHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Test Results

scholarly journals Hypoxia-inducible Factor 2α: A Key Player in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bechmann ◽  
Graeme Eisenhofer
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Therapeutic Relevance

AbstractGermline or somatic driver mutations linked to specific phenotypic features are identified in approximately 70% of all catecholamine-producing pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Mutations leading to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) and downstream pseudohypoxic signaling are associated with a higher risk of metastatic disease. Patients with metastatic PPGLs have a variable prognosis and treatment options are limited. In most patients with PPGLs, germline mutations lead to the stabilization of HIF2α. Mutations in HIF2α itself are associated with adrenal pheochromocytomas and/or extra-adrenal paragangliomas and about 30% of these patients develop metastatic disease; nevertheless, the frequency of these specific mutations is low (1.6–6.2%). Generally, mutations that lead to stabilization of HIF2α result in distinct catecholamine phenotype through blockade of glucocorticoid-mediated induction of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, leading to the formation of tumors that lack epinephrine. HIF2α, among other factors, also contributes importantly to the initiation of a motile and invasive phenotype. Specifically, the expression of HIF2α supports a neuroendocrine-to-mesenchymal transition and the associated invasion-metastasis cascade, which includes the formation of pseudopodia to facilitate penetration into adjacent vasculature. The HIF2α-mediated expression of adhesion and extracellular matrix genes also promotes the establishment of PPGL cells in distant tissues. The involvement of HIF2α in tumorigenesis and in multiple steps of invasion-metastasis cascade underscores the therapeutic relevance of targeting HIF2α signaling pathways in PPGLs. However, due to emerging resistance to current HIF2α inhibitors that target HIF2α binding to specific partners, alternative HIF2α signaling pathways and downstream actions should also be considered for therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Liquid Biopsy Analysis in Clinical Practice: Focus on Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Pasquale Pisapia ◽  
Francesco Pepe ◽  
Antonino Iaccarino ◽  
Roberta Sgariglia ◽  
Mariantonia Nacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
To Receive

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the emergence of highly effective targeted therapies, up to 30% of advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients do not undergo tissue molecular testing because of scarce tissue availability. Liquid biopsy, on the other hand, offers these patients a valuable opportunity to receive the best treatment options in a timely manner. Indeed, besides being much faster and less invasive than conventional tissue-based analysis, it can also yield specific information about the genetic make-up and evolution of patients’ tumors. However, several issues, including lack of standardized protocols for sample collection, processing, and interpretation, still need to be addressed before liquid biopsy can be fully incorporated into routine oncology practice. Here, we reviewed the most important challenges hindering the implementation of liquid biopsy in oncology practice, as well as the great advantages of this approach for the treatment of NSCLC patients.

Out of the Picture: Latinx and White Male Youths’ Facial Features Predict Their Juvenile Justice System Processing Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872199934
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Chen ◽  
Adam D. Fine ◽  
Jasmine B. Norman ◽  
Paul J. Frick ◽  
Elizabeth Cauffman
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
White Male ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Time ◽  
To Receive

Adults’ facial characteristics predict whether and how severely they are sentenced in the adult criminal justice system. We investigate whether characteristics of White and Latinx male youths’ faces predict the severity of their processing in the juvenile justice system. Among a sample of first-time offenders, despite no differences in the severity of their offenses, youth who were perceived by naïve observers as more dominant, less trustworthy, less healthy, and having darker skin were more likely to receive harsher sanctions. Thus, extralegal factors like appearance may bias legal decisions that place some youth at increased risk for more restrictive sanctioning. Our findings highlight the need for structured approaches to juvenile processing decisions that take youths’ appearance out of the picture.

scholarly journals Side effects of the metacognitive training for depression compared to a cognitive remediation training in patients with depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Dietrichkeit ◽  
Marion Hagemann-Goebel ◽  
Yvonne Nestoriuc ◽  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Lena Jelinek
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Metacognitive Training ◽  
To Receive

AbstractAlthough awareness of side effects over the course of psychotherapy is growing, side effects are still not always reported. The purpose of the present study was to examine side effects in a randomized controlled trial comparing Metacognitive Training for Depression (D-MCT) and a cognitive remediation training in patients with depression. 84 patients were randomized to receive either D-MCT or cognitive remediation training (MyBrainTraining) for 8 weeks. Side effects were assessed after the completion of each intervention (post) using the Short Inventory of the Assessment of Negative Effects (SIAN) and again 6 months later (follow-up) using the Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ). D-MCT and MyBrainTraining did not differ significantly in the number of side effects. At post assessment, 50% of the D-MCT group and 59% of the MyBrainTraining group reported at least one side effect in the SIAN. The most frequently reported side effect was disappointment in subjective benefit of study treatment. At follow-up, 52% reported at least one side effect related to MyBrainTraining, while 34% reported at least one side effect related to the D-MCT in the NEQ. The most frequently reported side effects fell into the categories of “symptoms” and “quality”. Our NEQ version was missing one item due to a technical error. Also, allegiance effects should be considered. The sample size resulted in low statistical power. The relatively tolerable number of side effects suggests D-MCT and MyBrainTraining are safe and well-received treatment options for people with depression. Future studies should also measure negative effects to corroborate our results.

Improving the Strength of Abrasive Wheels and Optimizing the Control over the Strength of Composite Abrasive Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 380-385
Author(s):  
Boris A. Chaplygin ◽  
Viacheslav V. Shirokov ◽  
Tat'yana A. Lisovskaya ◽  
Roman A. Lisovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
First Time

The strength of abrasive wheels is one of the key factors affecting the performance of abrasive machining. The paper discusses ways to improve the strength of abrasive wheels. The stress-state mathematical model presented herein is a generalization of the existing models. It is used herein to find for the first time that there are numerous optimal combinations of the elastic modulus and reinforcing material density, which result in the same minimum value of the objective function. It is found out that increasing the radius of the reinforcing component while also optimizing the mechanical properties of its material may increase the permissible breaking speed of the wheel several times. We herein present a regression equation and a nomogram for finding the optimal combination of control factors. Conventional methods for testing the mechanical properties of materials, which have been proven reliable for testing metals and alloys, are not as reliable for testing abrasive materials, as the test results they generate are not sufficiently stable or accurate. We therefore propose an alternative method that does not require any special equipment or special studies.

scholarly journals Willingness of Taiwan’s Healthcare Workers and Outpatients to Vaccinate against COVID-19 during a Period without Community Outbreaks

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Shikha Kukreti ◽  
Mei-Yun Lu ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Carol Strong ◽  
Chung-Ying Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Vaccination Uptake ◽  
Community Outbreaks ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Significant Factors

To control the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), COVID-19 vaccination has been quickly developed. However, the COVID-19 pandemic will not be controlled if the COVID-19 vaccination uptake willingness is low. Therefore, the study aim was to explore the COVID-19 vaccination uptake willingness among the outpatient population and healthcare workers in Taiwan during the worldwide pandemic period without community outbreaks. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs; n = 500; mean age = 32.96 years) of National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH) and outpatients (n = 238; mean age = 34.43 years) arriving at NCKUH. We used an online survey conducted between September 24 and 21 November 2020, for healthcare workers, and between 27 October and 31 December 2020, for the outpatient sample. Information regarding willingness to receive vaccination, willingness to rapid test, fear of COVID-19, risk perception, and preventive behaviors was collected in both samples; information regarding willingness to care for patients was collected in healthcare workers. Willingness to receive vaccination was the main variable in the present study; willingness to rapid test, willingness to care for patients, fear of COVID-19, risk perception, and preventive behaviors were the secondary variables in the study. The factors associated with vaccination willingness were identified through logistic regression analysis. The participants’ willingness to receive vaccination was low for both healthcare workers (23.4%) and the outpatient sample (30.7%). Similarly, their willingness to take rapid tests was low (23.6% for healthcare workers and 28.6% for outpatient sample). Risk perception (crude odds ratio (COR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03, 1.63), willingness to take rapid test (COR = 9.24; 95% CI = 5.76, 14.83), and preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors (COR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.52, 3.56) were significant factors explaining the healthcare workers’ willingness to receive vaccination. Willingness to take a rapid test (COR = 8.91; 95% CI = 4.71, 16.87) and preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors (COR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.09, 2.60) were significant factors explaining the outpatient sample’s willingness to receive vaccination. Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among HCWs and outpatients is low due to the relatively safe status of COVID-19 infection in Taiwan. These findings can help policymakers advocate for the effectiveness of and provide transparent information on COVID-19 vaccination uptake in a country/region with a relatively safe COVID-19 outbreak status.

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