scholarly journals IM-03 IMMUNOLOGICAL SUBTYPES OF GLIOBLASTOMA BASED ON TUMOR INFILTRATING CELLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii12-ii12
Author(s):  
Kushihara Yoshihiro ◽  
Syota Tanaka ◽  
Erika Yamasawa ◽  
Tsukasa Koike ◽  
Taijun Hana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract To discover novel biological targets in glioblastoma, genomic and immunological analysis were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set. The RNA-seq data of 156 primary glioblastoma cases were subjected to CIBERSORT to detect tumor infiltrating cell fractions. Principal component analysis was performed on this data to detect factors that strongly contribute to the first principal component, and hierarchical clustering was performed. Survival curves were compared for each of the derived clusters. Finally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using HALLMARK Gene Set was performed. In the principal component analysis, we detected seven factors (NK cells resting, T cell regulatory, NK cells activated, Macrophage type 0, T cell gamma delta, Macrophage type 2, Macrophage type 1) which strongly contribute to the first principal component. Based on these seven factors, hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in T cell regulatory (Treg), Macrophage type 0 (M0), Macrophage type 2 (M2) and Macrophage type 1 (M1) clusters. There was no significant difference between these groups in CD8 T cell. M2 and M1 clusters displayed better OS with a significant difference. TNFA signaling via NFκB in Treg group, IFNα response, IFNγ response and ALLOGRAFT response in M2 group, G2M CHECKPOINT, GLYCOLYSIS, WNTβ catenin signaling, MITOTIC SPINDLE and TGFβ signaling in M1 group were upregulated. In conclusion, tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma can be divided into 4 immunological subtypes, Treg, M0, M1, and M2. Because of the contribution of innate immunity for shaping the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma, immunotherapies targeting these innate immune cells are anticipated.

scholarly journals Interleukin-18 and CD30 serum levels in patients with moderate-severe depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Alba Merendino ◽  
Antonio Enrico Di Rosa ◽  
Giuseppe Di Pasquale ◽  
Paola Lucia Minciullo ◽  
Carmela Mangraviti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Helper Type

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the T-cell-helper type 1 response, is a new member of the family of cytokines produced in the brain. CD30 is a marker of T-cell-helper type 2 lymphocytes. We evaluated IL-18 and CD30 serum levels in 10 patients affected by moderate-severe depression (MSD). We demonstrated for the first time that serum IL-18 levels of MSD patients were significantly higher than those of healthy donors. On the contrary, no significant difference was found between serum CD30 levels of MSD patients compared with those of healthy donors. These data strengthen the hypothesis that MSD disease is associated with an inflammatory response, mainly T-cell-helper type 1, and suggest an important role for IL-18 in the pathophysiology of MSD.

scholarly journals Parsimonious Description of Glucose Variability in Type 2 Diabetes by Sparse Principal Component Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Fabris ◽  
Andrea Facchinetti ◽  
Giuseppe Fico ◽  
Francesco Sambo ◽  
Maria Teresa Arredondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Sparse Principal Component Analysis

Silvering of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.): seasonal changes of morphological and metabolic parameters

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paul Balm ◽  
Caroline Durif ◽  
Vincent van Ginneken ◽  
Erik Antonissen ◽  
Ron Boot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Silver Eel ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe transformation of yellow eel into silver eel is called 'silvering', and takes place prior to migration. We found the sedentary yellow phase in spring, the migratory silver phase in autumn, while August was a cross-over month. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to characterise the morphological and physiological changes that accompany silvering in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). Silvering is positively related to external parameters such as eye size, internal maturation parameters like GSI, vitellogenine (VIT), and blood-substrates such as phospholipids, Free Fatty Acids (FFA), and cholesterol. The Hepatosomatic Index was not significantly different between yellow and silver groups. In contrast, a significant difference was observed for parameters of body constitution (fat, protein, dry matter) between yellow and silver stages. Furthermore, the process of silvering is accompanied with increased levels of cortisol in autumn, which plays a role in mobilisation of metabolic energy from body stores towards migratory activity and gonadal growth. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with physiological, morphological and endocrinological parameters, it is concluded that during the process of silvering, several developmental stages can be recognised, with a timeframe of the premigratory sedentary yellow phase from April until July, August is a cross-over month, and the migratory silver phase is found from September until November.

scholarly journals Quantification of tumor microenvironment acidity in glioblastoma using principal component analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast enhanced MR imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Akbari ◽  
Anahita Fathi Kazerooni ◽  
Jeffrey B. Ware ◽  
Elizabeth Mamourian ◽  
Hannah Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Dynamic Susceptibility ◽  
Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast ◽  
Tumor Ph ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Susceptibility Contrast

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) has high metabolic demands, which can lead to acidification of the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that a machine learning model built on temporal principal component analysis (PCA) of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion MRI can be used to estimate tumor acidity in GBM, as estimated by pH-sensitive amine chemical exchange saturation transfer echo-planar imaging (CEST-EPI). We analyzed 78 MRI scans in 32 treatment naïve and post-treatment GBM patients. All patients were imaged with DSC-MRI, and pH-weighting that was quantified from CEST-EPI estimation of the magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at 3 ppm. Enhancing tumor (ET), non-enhancing core (NC), and peritumoral T2 hyperintensity (namely, edema, ED) were used to extract principal components (PCs) and to build support vector machines regression (SVR) models to predict MTRasym values using PCs. Our predicted map correlated with MTRasym values with Spearman’s r equal to 0.66, 0.47, 0.67, 0.71, in NC, ET, ED, and overall, respectively (p < 0.006). The results of this study demonstrates that PCA analysis of DSC imaging data can provide information about tumor pH in GBM patients, with the strongest association within the peritumoral regions.

scholarly journals Description of facial symmetry in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate using geometric morphometry and computerized tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Sthepanie Ruiz ◽  
Anderson Silva ◽  
Mayra Celis ◽  
Rocio Ruales ◽  
Francined Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Thin Plate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Geometric Methods ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To describe the maxillary asymmetry in patients with single cleft lip and palate by using morphometrics geometric methods. Materials and Methods: Applied morphometrics geometric methods to analyze images captured from 3D reconstructions of CT scans of 9 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, mean age of 13.7 years was used. Tps Dig2 software was used to digitalize 6 maxillary landmarks shaping both the affected and the sides unaffected. TpsPower and TpsPLS to a small sample for relative warps and consensus for superimposition. Thin plate function and asymmetry was used applying ASI-CLIC® package, and the principal component analysis was performed with the PAST software version 2.17.0. Results: There is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the conformation of the maxilla on the affected side compared to unaffected. The study of asymmetry indicated different degrees and differences in the nature of the asymmetry that characterizes different deformities of unilateral cleft lip and palate. The principal component analysis demonstrates both inter-group variability and recognizes two principal components, 39.4%, to the first component and 27.5% to the second component. There is a high correlation between the formation of the unaffected side and affected side conformation r= 0.93847. The thin plate deformation is uniform. The allometry study indicated that there is no association between the shape and size. Conclusions: Morphometry Geometric method is a useful tool for assessing preoperative maxillary conformations in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The side without the cleft is also affected, and is associated with the formation on the side of the cleft. The frontonasal suture is also affected, in a greater proportion than the fronto zigomatic.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Organoleptic Characteristics of Local Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) Cultivated in Mbaiki (Central African Republic)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gorgon Igor Touckia ◽  
Lucie Aba-toumnou ◽  
Ephrem Kosh Komba ◽  
Cherubin Dan-zi ◽  
Kouami Kokou
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference

In the Central African Republic, there are a multitude of local varieties of sweet potato. However, few studies have been carried their agro morphological and organoleptic characteristics. A Fisher random block device was set up on the three local varieties of sweet potato. The growing and production parameters were evaluated as well as the organoleptic characteristics through the food taste test. The parameters of growing and production were assessed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with one classification criterion using the R software version 3.1.3. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed with the growth and yield parameters in order to highlight the correlations between these different parameters. The variety 1 (V1) produced the plants with the largest diameters (1.30 cm), while the smallest diameters was observed in the variety 2 (V2) with 0.55 cm. There is a significant difference (P-value = 0.0001) between the different varieties according to the ANOVA test. According to the length of the tuber, the V2 produced the longest tuberous root than the others with an average of 28.53 cm. The smallest length is observed in the V3 with an average of 25.12 cm. There is not significant (p-value = 0.216) in relation with the length of the tuber for the cultivated varieties of the sweet potato. The eigenvalues of the two main axes extracted from the Principal Component Analysis explained 53.68% and 16.82% of the matrix growth/ yield information. Along the factor axes, apart from parameters such as tuber diameters and length which are not positively correlated, there is little variability between the other parameters which are strongly correlated.

scholarly journals Harnessing the cDC1-NK Cross-Talk in the Tumor Microenvironment to Battle Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Bödder ◽  
Tasmin Zahan ◽  
Rianne van Slooten ◽  
Gerty Schreibelt ◽  
I. Jolanda M. de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Cell Responses

Immunotherapeutic approaches have revolutionized the treatment of several diseases such as cancer. The main goal of immunotherapy for cancer is to modulate the anti-tumor immune responses by favoring the recognition and destruction of tumor cells. Recently, a better understanding of the suppressive effect of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on immune cells, indicates that restoring the suppressive effect of the TME is crucial for an efficient immunotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are cell types that are currently administered to cancer patients. NK cells are used because of their ability to kill tumor cells directly via cytotoxic granzymes. DCs are employed to enhance anti-tumor T cell responses based on their ability to present antigens and induce tumor-antigen specific CD8+ T cell responses. In preclinical models, a particular DC subset, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) is shown to be specialized in cross-presenting extracellular antigens to CD8+ T cells. This feature makes them a promising DC subset for cancer treatment. Within the TME, cDC1s show a bidirectional cross-talk with NK cells, resulting in a higher cDC1 recruitment, differentiation, and maturation as well as activation and stimulation of NK cells. Consequently, the presence of cDC1s and NK cells within the TME might be of utmost importance for the success of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the function of cDC1s and NK cells, their bidirectional cross-talk and potential strategies that could improve cancer immunotherapy.

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