scholarly journals Smoking Status and Survival Among a National Cohort of Lung and Colorectal Cancer Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J Japuntich ◽  
Pallavi Kumar ◽  
Jane F Pendergast ◽  
Grelda Yazmin Juarez Caballero ◽  
Jennifer L Malin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Lower Mortality Risk

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to explore the association of smoking status and clinically relevant duration of smoking cessation with long-term survival after lung cancer (LC) or colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. We compared survival of patients with LC and CRC who were never-smokers, long-term, medium-term, and short-term quitters, and current smokers around diagnosis. Methods We studied 5575 patients in Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance (CanCORS), a national, prospective observational cohort study, who provided smoking status information approximately 5 months after LC or CRC diagnosis. Smoking status was categorized as: never-smoker, quit >5 years prior to diagnosis, quit between 1–5 years prior to diagnosis, quit less than 1 year before diagnosis, and current smoker. We examined the relationship between smoking status around diagnosis with mortality using Cox regression models. Results Among participants with LC, never-smokers had lower mortality risk compared with current smokers (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.89). Among participants with CRC, never-smokers had a lower mortality risk as compared to current smokers (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.99). Conclusions Among both LC and CRC patients, current smokers at diagnosis have higher mortality than never-smokers. This effect should be further studied in the context of tumor biology. However, smoking cessation around the time of diagnosis did not affect survival in this sample. Implications The results from our analysis of patients in the CanCORS consortium, a large, geographically diverse cohort, show that both LC and CRC patients who were actively smoking at diagnosis have worse survival as compared to never-smokers. While current smoking is detrimental to survival, cessation upon diagnosis may not mitigate this risk.

scholarly journals The Association of the Consumption Time for Different Food with the Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality Among Diabetes Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Jiang ◽  
Qingrao Song ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Yunyan Chen ◽  
Changhao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Lower Mortality Risk ◽  
Food Consumed ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: This study aims to investigate whether food consumed time and distribution at three-meals is associated with long-term survival among the people with diabetes. Methods:This study included 4,699 diabetes patients participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2014. Food consumed across a day including the forenoon, afternoon, evening, were divided into quantiles based on their distribution. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the survival relationship between food intakes time and distribution (with a constant quality and quantity) and mortality. Results:After adjustment for multiple covariates, in the forenoon, compared to the participants with diabetes in the lowest consumption quantile of potato and starchy-vegetable, participants with diabetes in the highest consumption quantile had lower mortality risk of CVD(HRpotato=0.52, 95%CI: 0.38-0.87; HRstarchy-vegetable= 0.51, 95%CI: 0.29-0.90). In the evening, the highest quantile of dark-vegetable intake is related to lower mortality risk of CVD(HR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.45-0.92) and all-cause(HR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.66-0.99), whereas participants in the highest quantile of intakes of refined grain and processed meat are more likely to die due to CVD(HRrefined-grain=1.54, 95%CI:1.10-2.15; HRprocessed-meat=1.83, 95%CI:1.20-2.77) and all-cause(HRrefined-grain=1.29, 95%CI:1.01-1.65; HRprocessed-meat=1.37, 95%CI:1.06-1.75). Iso-calorically switching 0.1 serving refined grain or processed meat consumed in the evening to the forenoon, and 0.1 serving dark vegetable consumed in the afternoon to the evening reduced the risk of CVD mortality.Conclusions:Higher intake of potato, starchy-vegetable in forenoon, dark-vegetable in the evening, and lower intake of refined-grain and processed-meat in the evening was associated with better long-term survival in people with diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of smoking cessation after new-onset type 2 diabetes with overall and cause-specific mortality among Korean men: a nationwide population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001249
Author(s):  
Jae Woo Choi ◽  
Euna Han ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
New Onset

IntroductionThis study aimed to examine the association between smoking cessation after new-onset type 2 diabetes and overall and cause-specific mortality risks among Korean men.Research design and methodsThe Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database was searched, and 13 377 Korean men aged ≥40 years diagnosed with new-onset type 2 diabetes between 2004 and 2007 were included and followed up until 2013. We defined smoking status changes by comparing participants’ answers in the last survey before diagnosis to those in the first survey after diagnosis. We estimated the adjusted HR (AHR) and 95% CI for mortality risk using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsWe identified 1014 all-cause mortality events (cancer, n=406 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), n=184) during an average follow-up duration of 7.2 years. After adjustment for all confounding factors, the reduced risk of all-cause mortality was more significant among short-term quitters (AHR 0.78; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.95), long-term quitters (AHR 0.68; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.85), and never smokers (AHR 0.66; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.78) compared with current smokers (p for trend <0.001). The lower risk of mortality from cancer was significant among the short-term quitters (AHR 0.60; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.83), long-term quitters (AHR 0.67; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.90), and never smokers (AHR 0.50; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.65) compared with current smokers (p for trend <0.001). There was no significant association between changes in smoking status and death from CVD. Smoking cessation after diagnosis in non-obese individuals (AHR 0.73; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.92) and exercisers (AHR 0.54; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.76) was significantly associated with reduced mortality risk than current smoking.ConclusionsSmoking cessation after new-onset type 2 diabetes was associated with reduced mortality risk.

Smoking cessation, weight gain and risk of cardiovascular disease

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-318972
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
Jia-Yi Dong ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Isao Muraki ◽  
Kokoro Shirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Never Smokers

ObjectiveTo examine whether the relationship between smoking cessation and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was modified by weight gain.MethodsA total of 69 910 participants (29 650 men and 46 260 women) aged 45–74 years were grouped into six groups by smoking status in the first and 5-year surveys: sustained smokers, recent quitters according to postcessation weight gain (no weight gain, 0.1–5.0 kg, >5.0 kg), long-term quitters and never smokers. Quitting smoking within and longer than 5 years were defined as recent and long-term quitters, respectively. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the HR for incident CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.ResultsWe identified 4023 CVDs (889 CHDs and 3217 strokes) during a median of 14.8 years of follow-up. Compared with sustained smokers, the multivariable HR (95% CI) for CVD was 0.66 (0.52 to 0.83) for recent quitters without weight gain, 0.71 (0.55 to 0.90) for recent quitters with weight gain of 0.1–5.0 kg, 0.70 (0.44 to 1.10) for recent quitters with weight gain of >5.0 kg, 0.56 (0.49 to 0.64) for long-term quitters, and 0.60 (0.55 to 0.66) for never smokers. The analysis restricted to men showed a similar association. Prespecified analysis by age suggested that recent quitters overall had a lower HR for CVD among those aged <60 years vs ≥60 years. Similar patterns of association were observed in CHD and stroke.ConclusionsPostcessation weight gain did not attenuate the protective association between smoking cessation and risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Influence of Postoperative Changes in Sarcopenia on Long-Term Survival in Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2410
Author(s):  
Chungyeop Lee ◽  
In-Ja Park ◽  
Kyung-Won Kim ◽  
Yongbin Shin ◽  
Seok-Byung Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Asan Medical ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

The effect of perioperative sarcopenic changes on prognosis remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 2333 non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated between January 2009 and December 2012 at the Asan Medical Center. The body composition at diagnosis was measured via abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) using Asan-J software. Patients underwent CT scans preoperatively, as well as at 6 months–1 year and 2–3 years postoperatively. The primary outcome was the association between perioperative sarcopenic changes and survival. According to sarcopenic criteria, 1155 (49.5%), 890 (38.2%), and 893 (38.3%) patients had sarcopenia preoperatively, 6 months–1 year, and 2–3 years postoperatively, respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS) (95.8% vs. 92.1%, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.234, p < 0.001) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) (93.2% vs. 86.2%, HR = 2.251, p < 0.001) rates were significantly lower in patients with preoperative sarcopenia. Both OS and RFS were lower in patients with persistent sarcopenia 2–3 years postoperatively than in those who recovered (OS: 96.2% vs. 90.2%, p = 0.001; RFS: 91.1% vs. 83.9%, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, postoperative sarcopenia was confirmed as an independent factor associated with decreased OS and RFS. Pre- and postoperative sarcopenia and changes in the condition during surveillance were associated with oncological outcomes.

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