Nutraceutical approach to enhance lutein bioavailability via nanodelivery systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 709-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishani Bhat ◽  
Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha ◽  
Iddya Karunasagar ◽  
Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Electrostatic Stabilization ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Dietary Carotenoid

Abstract Lutein, a potent dietary carotenoid, has considerable biological activity and confers protection against age-related macular degeneration. Its bioavailability following consumption, however, depends on its rate of degradation. Nanodelivery systems with improved efficacy and stability are currently being developed to increase the bioavailability of lutein. This review examines nutraceutical approaches used in the development of such nanodelivery systems. It describes the methods of lutein preparation, the characteristics of various delivery systems, and the lutein delivery profile. In order to enhance lutein loading, provide electrostatic stabilization, and achieve the controlled release of lutein, adjuvants such as dextran moieties, whey proteins, medium-chain triglycerides, and chitosan polymers can be used to effectively reduce the particle size (< 70 nm) and improve encapsulation efficiency (to 99.5%). The improved bioavailability of lutein via nanocrystals incorporated into rapidly dissolving films for oral consumption is a new area of exploratory research. This review aims to provide clarity about current research aimed at enhancing the bioavailability of lutein through the development of nanodelivery systems.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Drake W. Lem ◽  
Dennis L. Gierhart ◽  
Pinakin Gunvant Davey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Dietary Carotenoid

Diabetic retinopathy, which was primarily regarded as a microvascular disease, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. With obesity at epidemic proportions, diabetes-related ocular problems are exponentially increasing in the developed world. Oxidative stress due to hyperglycemic states and its associated inflammation is one of the pathological mechanisms which leads to depletion of endogenous antioxidants in retina in a diabetic patient. This contributes to a cascade of events that finally leads to retinal neurodegeneration and irreversible vision loss. The xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin are known to promote retinal health, improve visual function in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration that has oxidative damage central in its etiopathogenesis. Thus, it can be hypothesized that dietary supplements with xanthophylls that are potent antioxidants may regenerate the compromised antioxidant capacity as a consequence of the diabetic state, therefore ultimately promoting retinal health and visual improvement. We performed a comprehensive literature review of the National Library of Medicine and Web of Science databases, resulting in 341 publications meeting search criteria, of which, 18 were found eligible for inclusion in this review. Lutein and zeaxanthin demonstrated significant protection against capillary cell degeneration and hyperglycemia-induced changes in retinal vasculature. Observational studies indicate that depletion of xanthophyll carotenoids in the macula may represent a novel feature of DR, specifically in patients with type 2 or poorly managed type 1 diabetes. Meanwhile, early interventional trials with dietary carotenoid supplementation show promise in improving their levels in serum and macular pigments concomitant with benefits in visual performance. These findings provide a strong molecular basis and a line of evidence that suggests carotenoid vitamin therapy may offer enhanced neuroprotective effects with therapeutic potential to function as an adjunct nutraceutical strategy for management of diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Aflibercept Nanoformulation Inhibits VEGF Expression in Ocular In Vitro Model: A Preliminary Report

Biomedicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Kelly ◽  
Anjali Hirani ◽  
Vishal Shahidadpury ◽  
Aum Solanki ◽  
Kathleen Halasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States, affecting approximately 11 million patients. AMD is caused primarily by an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In recent years, aflibercept injections have been used to combat VEGF. However, this treatment requires frequent intravitreal injections, leading to low patient compliance and several adverse side effects including scarring, increased intraocular pressure, and retinal detachment. Polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to deliver a sustained release of drug, thereby reducing the necessary injection frequency. Aflibercept (AFL) was encapsulated in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) via double emulsion diffusion. Scanning electron microscopy showed the NPs were spherical and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that they were uniformly distributed (PDI < 1). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 75.76% and 7.76% respectively. In vitro release studies showed a sustained release of drug; 75% of drug was released by the NPs in seven days compared to the full payload released in 24 h by the AFL solution. Future ocular in vivo studies are needed to confirm the biological effects of the NPs. Preliminary studies of the proposed aflibercept NPs demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, a sustained drug release profile, and ideal physical characteristics for AMD treatment. This drug delivery system is an excellent candidate for further characterization using an ocular neovascularization in vivo model.

scholarly journals Solid Lipid Microparticles Loaded Hydrogel Formulation for Transdermal Delivery of Glucosamine Sulphate

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1030-1034
Author(s):  
Sundareswara Kumar Chellaswamy ◽  
Satheesh Babu Natrajan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dispersion Technique

BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a common, age-related, chronic and slowly progressive joint disorder which ultimately leads to joint failure. To achieve sustained release drug delivery and ease of administration, the present study was carried out to formulate a glucosamine solid lipid microparticle-based hydrogel. METHODS 20 batches of glucosamine solid lipid microparticle were prepared by melt dispersion technique. They were then evaluated with regard to various parameters such as physical appearance, pH analysis, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, in vitro drug release and accelerated stability studies. Then the glucosamine solid lipid microparticle-based hydrogel was compared with the glucosamine loaded hydrogel. RESULTS Of these batches, batches 18, 19 and 20 of increasing homogenizing speed of 1000, 1500 and 2000 rpm were found be efficient but the batch 18 showed better encapsulation efficiency. Batch 18 showed particle size of 86 ± 5 µm, encapsulation efficiency of 81.74 ± 4.5 and the zeta potential value of - 29 ± 1. So, batch 18 was found to be the optimised formulation which was further taken for incorporating the Carbopol. The efficient encapsulated glucosamine solid lipid microparticle-based hydrogel was formulated. There were no significant changes in physicochemical properties on stability studies. CONCLUSIONS Glucosamine solid lipid microparticle-based hydrogel had good particle size, high encapsulation efficiency and high zeta potential value and showed high percentage drug release which was better than the glucosamine loaded hydrogel. KEY WORDS Glucosamine Solid Lipid Microparticle Based Hydrogel, Osteoarthritis, Encapsulation Efficiency, Zeta Potential, Melt Dispersion Technique

Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) – pathophysiological and clinical features and therapeutic concepts

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Körner-Stiefbold
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Altersbedingte Makuladegeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Genetische Faktoren ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts

Die altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD) ist eine der häufigsten Ursachen für einen irreversiblen Visusverlust bei Patienten über 65 Jahre. Nahezu 30% der über 75-Jährigen sind von einer AMD betroffen. Trotz neuer Erkenntnisse in der Grundlagenforschung ist die Ätiologie, zu der auch genetische Faktoren gehören, noch nicht völlig geklärt. Aus diesem Grund sind die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch limitiert, so dass man lediglich von Therapieansätzen sprechen kann. Die derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Möglichkeiten wie medikamentöse, chirurgische und laser- und strahlentherapeutische Maßnahmen werden beschrieben.

Nutrition in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Survey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Stevens ◽  
Richard Cooke ◽  
Hannah Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related
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