Gender and Health

Sociology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget K. Gorman ◽  
Alexa Solazzo
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Gender And Health ◽  
Gender Patterns ◽  
Gender Based

The relationship between gender and health has received considerable research study over the last several decades, within sociology but also related fields in social sciences, public health, and medicine. This body of scholarship documents both similarity and difference between the health experience of men and women across the life course. Gender-based health patterns are dependent upon the health outcome examined, as life expectancy is shorter among men while women experience higher rates of various non-fatal functional problems and chronic medical conditions. Gender differences also exist in mental health outcomes and participation in various healthy and unhealthy behaviors, including utilization of health care services. Yet these associations are not uniform and can differ when various population subgroups are compared. As such, a growing body of scientific work argues for the need to apply an intersectional lens to the study of gender and health, and this work details how various cross-cutting identities (e.g., age, racial/ethnicity identity, social class, sexual orientation) intersect with gender to shape health outcomes. More recently, scholars have begun to assess how non-binary measures of gender identity relate to health status, and thus a small but increasing body of research explores whether and how health status varies for cisgender and transgender adults. While a substantial amount of attention has been given to describing the nuances of how gender relates to health status, the gender-health literature is also characterized by robust discussion of the factors that contribute to gender patterns in health status, including but not limited to socioeconomic status, relationships and care work, differential experiences in medical care treatment, masculinity, stress and social supports, and health behaviors. Altogether, this article introduces the reader to classic works and reviews, theoretical perspectives, and key descriptive and explanatory papers that represent the body of scholarship examining how gender relates to health status.

scholarly journals Health Literacy: Addressing Well-Being: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Faisal Noor Ahmad ◽  
Ravishankar TL ◽  
Amit Tirth ◽  
Parmieka Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limited Health Literacy ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Causes Of Disease

Literacy forms an important input in overall development of individual enabling them to comprehend their social, political and cultural environment better and respond to it. Health literacy requires knowledge of health topics. People with limited health literacy often lack knowledge or have misinformation about the body as well as the nature and causes of disease. Without this knowledge, they may not understand the relationship between lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise and various health outcomes. Health literacy plays a key role on the overall health and wellbeing and is now recognized as a determinant of health and has been made a priority of public health agendas, as there is existence of clear scientific evidence regarding its association with health outcomes such as use of health care services, hospitalizations, mortality rates, and adherence to treatment regimens. Therefore, responsive health system that eliminates barriers to clear communication and provides usable and actionable health information and services is important to uplift the current situation.

The Impact of War on Population Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Turkan Ahmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Impact

The past few decades of ongoing war in Iraq has had a dramatic impact on the health of Iraq’s population. Wars are known to have negative effects on the social and physical environments of individuals, as well as limit their access to the available health care services. This paper explores the personal experiences of my family members, who were exposed to war, as well as includes information that has been reviewed form many academic sources. The data aided in providing recommendations and developing strategies, on both local and international levels, to improve the health status of the populations exposed to war.

Les Nouveaux Miserables: Modem Victims of Social Asphyxia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-857
Author(s):  
David R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Preventive Services ◽  
Medical Care System ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Care System

During the past 30 years, social and economic barriers to health care services have increased for many Americans, especially for the nation's most vulnerable populations. Health status actually has declined for certain populations during this time. Meanwhile, national attention has been focused primarily on containing health care costs and on devising strategies for reforming the financing of health care rather than strategies for achieving improvements in the health status of the population. Existing methods of financing health care services, health research priorities, the increasing centralization and compartmentalization of health care services, and the recent failure of national health reform all serve to hinder this nation's progress towards developing a comprehensive and accountable health care system focused on promoting and achieving improved health as well as treating sickness. Recent changes in the health care marketplace, however, including a growing movement toward measuring the outcomes of medical treatments and an emphasis on improving the quality of services, have increased interest among payers and providers of health care services in investing in preventive services. Health maintenance organizations and other integrated health care delivery systems are beginning to devise incentives for increasing preventive care as well as for containing costs. The transformation of the nation's current medical care system into a true health care system will require innovative strategies designed to merge the existing fragmented array of services into coordinated and comprehensive systems for delivering primary and preventive health care services in community settings. The community-Oriented Primary Care concept successfully blends these functions and has achieved measurable results in reducing health care costs and improving access to preventive services for identified populations. There is flexibility in existing funding sources to promote preventive services in various public and private health care settings and to assist in the transformation from a disease-oriented medical care system to one focused on health.

scholarly journals ‘We are not blaming anyone, but if we don't know about amenities, we cannot seek them out’: black and minority older people's views on the quality of local health and personal social services in England

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
JILL MANTHORPE ◽  
STEVE ILIFFE ◽  
JO MORIARTY ◽  
MICHELLE CORNES ◽  
ROGER CLOUGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Care Services ◽  
National Service Framework ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
Minority Ethnic

ABSTRACTImproving access to culturally-appropriate services and enhancing responses to the needs of older people from black and minority ethnic backgrounds were among the aims of theNational Service Framework for Older People(NSFOP) that was introduced in England in 2001. Progress in meeting the aims of the NSFOP was evaluated by a mid-term independent review led by the Healthcare Commission, the body responsible for regulating health-care services in England. This paper reports the consultation with older people that underpinned the evaluation. It focuses on the views and experiences of older people from black and minority ethnic (BME) groups and of the staff that work in BME voluntary organisations. A rapid appraisal approach was used in 10 purposively selected local councils, and plural methods were used, including public listening events, nominal groups and individual interviews. In total 1,839 older people participated in the consultations and 1,280 (70%) completed a monitoring form. Some 30 per cent defined themselves as of a minority ethnic background. The concerns were more about the low recognition of culturally-specific and language needs than for the development of services exclusively for BME older people.

Self-rated health and barriers to healthcare in Ukraine: The pivotal role of gender and its intersections

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Cockerham ◽  
Bryant W. Hamby ◽  
Olena Hankivsky ◽  
Elizabeth H. Baker ◽  
Setareh Rouhani
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Barriers To Health Care ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Barriers To Health

The ongoing health crisis in the Ukraine has persisted for 48 years with a clear division of gender-based outcomes as seen in the decline of male life expectancy and stagnation of female longevity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in self-rated health and system barriers to health care applicable to gender and its intersections because of the differing negative health outcomes for men and women. Intersectionality theory provides an analytic framework for interpreting our results. Utilizing a nationwide sample of the Ukrainian population (N ¼ 1908), we found that low socioeconomic status (SES) women rate their health worse than men generally and any other socioeconomic group. Yet women also face the greatest barriers to health care until older ages when the ailments of men cause them to likewise face the obstacles. In reviewing the barrier to health care scale, one barrier—that of health care services being too expensive—dominated the responses with some 52.5 percent of the sample reporting it. Consequently, the greatest problem in Ukraine with respect to health reform reported by the population is the out-of-pocket costs for care in a system that is officially free. These costs, constituting some 40 percent of all national health expenditures, affect women and the aged the most.

Interstate Level Comparison of People’s Health Status and the State of Public Health Care Services in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkishor Meher ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Patro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Care Services

Health is an essential component of economic development and there is a strong correlation between health of human population and societal well-being. We cannot just think of the development of the human capital without the development of health and education of the people. However, it is found that although India has made large gains on the health front of its population, there exist wide variations between and within states. While states such as Kerala, Punjab and Tamil Nadu have a very developed health sector and the health indicators of these states are comparable to those of developed middle-income countries, states such as Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, etc., are almost at the level of Sub-Saharan Africa. By using a few of the key health indicators the present article makes a critical analysis of the health status of people in the 17 major states of India, the ongoing health development programmes and the present state of public health care services in different parts of the country. The article further delves into an arena of specific policy intervention measures that are required to be undertaken in order to increase the health status of people.

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