scholarly journals Osteomyelitis of the Distal Phalanx of the Thumb due to Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuya Iwasaki ◽  
Masanori Kawano ◽  
Yuta Kubota ◽  
Ichiro Itonaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Parvimonas Micra

Abstract We herein report a case of osteomyelitis of the distal phalanx of the thumb of a 55-year-old man caused by Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Osteomyelitis often occurs in long bones and rarely occurs in the bones of the fingers. In addition, osteomyelitis of the finger frequently occurs after trauma or surgery, and blood-borne infection is very rare. P. micra and F. nucleatum, normal flora of the oral cavity, are very rare pathogenic bacteria of osteomyelitis except in periodontal disease, and there are no previous reports regarding the occurrence of osteomyelitis due to P. micra and F. nucleatum in the finger bones.

scholarly journals Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2385
Author(s):  
Andrea Butera ◽  
Carolina Maiorani ◽  
Annalaura Morandini ◽  
Manuela Simonini ◽  
Arianna Colnaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Gingival Diseases ◽  
Bidirectional Interactions

During pregnancy, there are several metabolic changes and an alteration in the composition of microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavity, with an increase in pathogenic bacteria that promote the onset of gingival diseases. This review is based on research in reference to the PICO model (Problem/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome), related to changes in the oral microbiome of pregnant women and possible oral consequences in patients with COVID-19. The results showed a growth of some pathogenic bacteria in pregnant women, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and the selective growth of the Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella species, probably due to the fact that these bacteria use progesterone as a source of nutrition. These same bacteria are implicated in the development of periodontal disease. Periodontal pockets have bidirectional interactions between the oral cavity and the systemic circulatory system through the peripheral gingival blood vessels. The affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to specific membrane receptors is now clear, and could involve the internal and external epithelial lining or the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament. According to the results of the present review, the control of oral microbiome changes during pregnancy would be welcomed. The use of probiotics could help clinicians manage pregnant patients, reducing inflammatory indexes. Future studies should focus not only on changes in the level of the oral microbiome in pregnancy or the correlation between periodontal disease and COVID-19, but also on oral changes induced by both clinical situations.

METASTASIS TO THE DISTAL PHALANX FROM A PRIMARY MALIGNANCY OF THE ORAL CAVITY A CASE REPORT

1999 ◽  
Vol 92 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S65
Author(s):  
Manish K. Wani ◽  
Neal Beckford ◽  
Frank S. H. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Primary Malignancy

scholarly journals Lactobacillus reuteri AN417 cell-free culture supernatant as a novel antibacterial agent targeting oral pathogenic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Mi Yang ◽  
Ji-Sun Kim ◽  
Hye-Sung Kim ◽  
Young-Youn Kim ◽  
Jeong-Kyu Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Oral Pathogens

AbstractLactobacillus reuteri AN417 is a newly characterized probiotic strain. The activity of AN417 against oral pathogenic bacteria is unknown. We investigated the antibacterial activity of cell-free L. reuteri AN417 culture supernatant (LRS) against three oral pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mutans. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum have been implicated in periodontal disease, whereas S. mutans causes dental caries. Exposing these oral pathogenic bacteria to LRS significantly reduced their growth rates, intracellular ATP levels, cell viability, and time-to-kill. The minimal inhibitory volume of LRS was 10% (v/v) against P. gingivalis, 20% (v/v) for F. nucleatum, and 30% (v/v) for S. mutans. LRS significantly reduced the integrity of biofilms and significantly suppressed the expression of various genes involved in P. gingivalis biofilm formation. The L. reuteri AN417 genome lacked genes encoding reuterin, reuteran, and reutericyclin, which are major antibacterial compounds produced in L. reuteri strains. LRS treated with lipase and α-amylase displayed decreased antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. These data suggest that the antibacterial substances in LRS are carbohydrates and/or fatty acid metabolites. Our results demonstrate that LRS has antimicrobial activity against dental pathogenic bacteria, highlighting its potential utility for the prevention and treatment of P. gingivalis periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Hallux Osteoid Osteoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1066-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos C. Xarchas ◽  
George Kyriakopoulos ◽  
Spyros Manthas ◽  
Leon Oikonomou
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Osteoid Osteoma ◽  
Bone Tumour ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Benign Bone Tumour ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumour that mostly affects males in the second and third decade of their life. The lesion mainly occurs in long bones, usually in the femur and tibia, causing severe localized pain that is worse at night and responds to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of history and radiographic findings. However, in more unusual locations as the hand and foot, diagnostic issues can arise. Treatment often includes complete removal of the tumor. We present a 22 year old male with osteoid osteoma involving the distal phalanx of the hallux. To our knowledge very few cases of great toe osteoid osteoma have been reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Fusobacterium nucleatum Induces Premature and Term Stillbirths in Pregnant Mice: Implication of Oral Bacteria in Preterm Birth

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2272-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping W. Han ◽  
Raymond W. Redline ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Lihong Yin ◽  
Gale B. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Periodontal Infection

ABSTRACT Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe ubiquitous to the oral cavity. It is associated with periodontal disease. It is also associated with preterm birth and has been isolated from the amniotic fluid, placenta, and chorioamnionic membranes of women delivering prematurely. Periodontal disease is a newly recognized risk factor for preterm birth. This study examined the possible mechanism underlying the link between these two diseases. F. nucleatum strains isolated from amniotic fluids and placentas along with those isolated from orally related sources invaded both epithelial and endothelial cells. The invasive ability may enable F. nucleatum to colonize and infect the pregnant uterus. Transient bacteremia caused by periodontal infection may facilitate bacterial transmission from the oral cavity to the uterus. To test this hypothesis, we intravenously injected F. nucleatum into pregnant CF-1 mice. The injection resulted in premature delivery, stillbirths, and nonsustained live births. The bacterial infection was restricted inside the uterus, without spreading systemically. F. nucleatum was first detected in the blood vessels in murine placentas. Invasion of the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels was observed. The bacteria then crossed the endothelium, proliferated in surrounding tissues, and finally spread to the amniotic fluid. The pattern of infection paralleled that in humans. This study represents the first evidence that F. nucleatum may be transmitted hematogenously to the placenta and cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. The results strengthen the link between periodontal disease and preterm birth. Our study also indicates that invasion may be an important virulence mechanism for F. nucleatum to infect the placenta.

Periodontopathogens: a new view. Systematic review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
E. S. Slazhneva ◽  
E. A. Tikhomirova ◽  
V. G. Atrushkevich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past

Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.Results. The transition from a symbiotic microflora to a dysbiotic pathogenic community triggers the host's inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Modern ideas about periodontal pathogenic bacteria dictate new requirements for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The second part of the review examines the microbial profiles of periodontal disease in various nosological forms, the mechanisms of the immune response and approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease from the perspective of biofilm infection.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.

Pathogenic potential of Parabacteroides distasonis revealed in a splenic abscess case: a truth unfolded

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e236701
Author(s):  
Anitha Gunalan ◽  
Rakhi Biswas ◽  
Balamurugan Sridharan ◽  
Thirthar Palanivelu Elamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Splenic Abscess ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Open Splenectomy

Splenic abscess is a rare entity, however if unrecognised or left untreated, it is invariably fatal. We herein report a case of splenic abscess in a 40-year-old man presenting with fever, left-sided abdominal pain, altered sensorium and vomiting. On clinical examination, hepatosplenomegaly was noted and the ultrasound of the abdomen showed multiple hypoechoic regions in the upper pole of spleen, and the diagnosis of splenic abscess was made. The patient received antimicrobial therapy and underwent an open splenectomy with full recovery. Pus aspirated from the splenic abscess grew an unusual organism named Parabacteroides distasonis. In the literature, there are only a few recorded cases of P. distasonis causing splenic abscess. Through this case report, we would like to emphasise the pathogenic role of P. distasonis in causing clinical disease, as this organism is typically known to constitute a part of the normal flora.

Electric burn injury in the oral cavity in a Nilgiri Langur Trachypithecus johnii - a case report

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2901-2902
Author(s):  
S. Anoop ◽  
S. Ajith Kumar ◽  
C.N. Dinesh ◽  
P. Reshmi ◽  
P.P. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Nilgiri Langur

scholarly journals Removal of a Broken Cannulated Intramedullary Nail: Review of the Literature and a Case Report of a New Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Amr A. Abdelgawad ◽  
Enes Kanlic
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Intramedullary Nail ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Tibial Nail ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Nail Removal ◽  
Real Challenge

Nonunion of long bones fixed with nails may result in implant failure. Removal of a broken intramedullary nail may be a real challenge. Many methods have been described to allow for removal of the broken piece of the nail. In this paper, we are reviewing the different techniques to extract a broken nail, classifying them into different subsets, and describing a new technique that we used to remove a broken tibial nail with narrow canal. Eight different categories of implant removal methods were described, with different methods within each category. This classification is very comprehensive and was never described before. We described a new technique (hook captured in the medulla by flexible nail introduced from the locking hole) which is a valuable technique in cases of nail of a small diameter where other methods cannot be used because of the narrow canal of the nail. Our eight categories for broken nail removal methods simplify the concepts of nail removal and allow the surgeon to better plan for the removal procedure.

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