scholarly journals The Response Measures to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Qu ◽  
Xiaoju Lv
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Rapid Testing ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract For China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the most extensive infection, and the hardest to contain over the past 70 years. The different organizations and institutions in China have taken unprecedented public health responses to interrupt the virus transmission in the past several months. The outbreak in China was under control, but the number of confirmed cases abroad is still rising. Coronavirus disease 2019 has presented a global pandemic. We summarized the response measures adopted by different organizations at different levels (country, province, and hospital) in China, such as setting up an effective integrated system for disease prevention and control, effective deployment of medical staff, adjusting measures according to local conditions, establishing Fangcang hospitals, strengthening scientific research on COVID-19, epidemic prevention knowledge education, mass rapid testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and correct personal protection including high compliance of wearing masks, hoping to provide some help for disease control in some regions.

scholarly journals Learning from COVID-19: a systems approach for public health governance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieling Liu ◽  
Yurong Wu ◽  
Cunrui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
Public Health Governance ◽  
And Control

Abstract The COVID-19 rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. Countries have taken measures widely to prevent and control the epidemic. China for example, has control the spread effectively, while many countries are still striving to cope with the increasing COVID-19 confirmed cases. The epidemic revealed serious problems of public health governance in many countries with long lasting social and economic consequences. This commentary reviews the pandemic response measures in five selected countries: China, Italy, the United States, Brazil and India. Building on critical reflections on the problems incurred in each country's pandemic responses, we provide a theoretical framework to reconceptualize public health as multiple types of economic goods. We further couple this reconceptualization with a systems approach to public health and wellbeing to offer new thinking on health governance. Finally, we propose suggestions for better, preventative and comprehensive epidemic prevention and health governance in an increasing urban future.

Allocation of Attention by Fishing Vessel Watchkeepers

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Fishing Trip ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Navigation And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Way

This study examines the way in which attention is allocated by watchkeepers on fishing vessels and identifies differences in the approach displayed by individuals with different levels of training and experience. A method of analysing the way in which attention is allocated on a sample of UK fishing vessels is described. It was found that both skippers and mates allocated disproportionate amounts of attention to fishfinding equipment at certain stages of the fishing trip, while crewmen were heavily reliant upon the track plotter both while fishing and on passage. Those with more training and experience appeared to treat the array of navigation and control components as an integrated system, while untrained crewmen dealt with each aspect in isolation.

scholarly journals MODERN ISSUES OF THE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1125-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
V. B. Gurvich ◽  
S. V. Kuzmin ◽  
A. L. Mishina ◽  
Sergey V. Yarushin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

The paper presents approaches to the implementation the basic paradigm of the development for the legislative and regulatory framework to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population based on the comprehensive implementation of the methodology of the health risk assessment and management. The consistent implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework should provide getting answers main questions: what, where, when, how we are to assess and above all how we have to manage and control health risks. The suggested approach involves the accumulation capacities and resources of all the stakeholders: State-Russian Federation constituent-municipality-economic entity-non-governmental organizations-population in the assessment, management and control health risks both for the public in general and for certain socio-economic groups. This integrated system is aimed at the decline of public health risks to levels that cannot be detected using current knowledge and methods. The described requirements for incorporation of health risk assessment, management and monitoring methods into the health, consumer rights and labor legislation framework and other areas of legislative regulation must be applicable for corporate entities’ and sole entrepreneurs’ various business activities that affect (pose a threat, create a risk, cause harm) public health as well as regulation of the social and economic development of the nation in general.

scholarly journals Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane J. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity (the cocirculation of multiple serotypes), and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. In 1998 this mosquito-borne disease is the most important tropical infectious disease after malaria, with an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever, 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 25,000 deaths annually. The reasons for this resurgence and emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the waning years of the 20th century are complex and not fully understood, but demographic, societal, and public health infrastructure changes in the past 30 years have contributed greatly. This paper reviews the changing epidemiology of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever by geographic region, the natural history and transmission cycles, clinical diagnosis of both dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, serologic and virologic laboratory diagnoses, pathogenesis, surveillance, prevention, and control. A major challenge for public health officials in all tropical areas of the world is to devleop and implement sustainable prevention and control programs that will reverse the trend of emergent dengue hemorrhagic fever.

scholarly journals Preventing the next pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Michelle Matzko ◽  
Marie Floryan ◽  
Christian Loyo ◽  
Colin O'Leary ◽  
Allison Stout
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Threat Recognition ◽  
Health Messaging

Scientists have increasingly sounded the alarm about insufficient global pandemic preparedness, messaging which has appropriately escalated in the past two decades after the SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome), MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), and Ebola outbreaks [1]. This global lack of readiness was revealed during the most recent COVID-19 pandemic via slow threat recognition, early mixed public health messaging, supply chain disruptions, and vaccine rollout challenges [2]. This article reviews how pandemic pathogens originate and describes methods of early pathogen detection. It also details how multi-level interventions such as public health messaging, widespread accessible testing, and international cooperation, including funding, are critical tools for mitigating the spread of disease. Finally, we discuss how advancements in biotechnology help counter widespread outbreaks, including the use of early molecular diagnostics, application of therapeutics, and the development of "plug and play" vaccines. The world demands early and strong preparation to prevent the next pandemic.

scholarly journals How Does Railway Respond to COVID-19 Spreading? -- Countermeasure Analysis and Evaluation around the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghao Yin ◽  
Dewei Li ◽  
Songliang Zhang ◽  
Lifu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transit ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Information ◽  
Implementation Effect ◽  
And Control

Abstract The global pandemic of COVID-19 has a significant impact on world development. As an important part of public services, the rail transit requires effective response countermeasures to control the spread of COVID-19. On the premise of considering the current development of the epidemic situation, this article discusses the characteristics of the COVID-19 transmission and finds out the vulnerable spot of preventing and controlling the spread of the epidemic in the rail transit system. The countermeasures that adopted to prevent COVID-19 spreading are analyzed from the external and internal categories, which were classified by 6 aspects: passenger service, cases care, information, staff, equipment and operation management specifically. Meanwhile, an evaluation architecture was constructed, which were established from the views of effectiveness, economic efficiency, acceptability, privacy and so on. The implementation effect of the measures was evaluated and the advantage and shortage of them were analyzed, which can be used to guide the epidemic prevention and control for the rail transit systems of the countries around the world in the future. It is meaningful to formulate a reasonable work schedule according to local conditions, providing a reference for rapid response to future public health emergency of international concern.

scholarly journals National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Van Bavel ◽  
Paulo Boggio
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic

Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a devastating global health crisis. Without a vaccine or effective medication, the best hope for mitigating virus transmission is collective behavior change and support for public health interventions (e.g., physical distancing, physical hygiene, and endorsement of health policies). In a large-scale international collaboration (N = 46,650 across 67 countries), we investigated why people adopted public health behaviors and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stages of the pandemic (April-May, 2020). Results revealed that respondents who identified more strongly with their nation consistently reported engagement in public health behaviors and greater support for public health policies. We also found a small effect of political orientation, indicating that left-wing respondents were more likely to report public health behaviors and support for public health measures than right-wing respondents. We discuss the implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing the COVID-19 and future pandemics.

scholarly journals Rediscovering the Relative Deprivation and Crime Debate: Tracking its Fortunes from Left Realism to the Precariat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Webber
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analytical Power

AbstractThis article revisits the concept of relative deprivation and asks whether it is still useful for criminology. The article traces the way relative deprivation has been used in the past to understand crime and how it has connections to other, more recent, additions to debates on social justice. I argue that relative deprivation has disappeared even in the place that it had become the key explanation for crime—left realism. In so doing, I explore the resurrection of left realism in criminology—what I refer to as “post-millennial left realism”—first, by those who were associated with it originally, and then with Hall and Winlow’s (2015, 2017) shift in emphasis to what they term “ultra-realism.” I maintain that relative deprivation is still a powerful concept for bridging several related areas that should still be central to the concerns of criminology—in part, because it is still a major concern in popular social science and social psychology. Why has it disappeared in criminology? I present an argument that suggests that the absence of certain research methods, such as ethnographic and qualitative or small-scale survey methods, has impoverished our understanding of the lived reality of people experiencing the social transformations of a networked, precarious society. The massive polarization and disruption in politics and social discourse, as well as the worldwide economic, public health, and social transformations (ranging from the #MeToo and Black Lives Matter protests to the COVID-19 global pandemic) have demonstrated the continued relevance and analytical power that relative deprivation, in its elaborated form, brings to questions of crime and justice.

scholarly journals Learning From COVID-19: A Systems Approach for Public Health Governance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieling Liu ◽  
Yurong Wu ◽  
Cunrui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
Public Health Governance

Abstract The COVID-19 spread very quickly worldwide, which has resulted in a global pandemic. All countries in the world have taken measures for the purpose of preventing and controlling the epidemic. China for example, has control the spread effectively, while the Unite States, Brazil and India are still striving to cope with the increasing COVID-19 confirmed cases. The epidemic has impacted the whole world, also revealing quite a lot problems of urban health governance in different countries. This commentary reviews the pandemic response measures in selected countries such as China, Italy, America, Brail and India. On the basis of critical reflection on the problems incurred in each country's pandemic response, we further provide a theoretical framework to reconceptualise public health as multiple types of economic goods. We couple this reconceptualisation with the systems approach to urban health and wellbeing to offer new thinking on the governance of public health. Finally, we propose suggestions for better, preventative and comprehensive epidemic prevention and public health governance.

scholarly journals Investigation into Information Release of Chinese Government and Departments on COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-235
Author(s):  
Quan Lu ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Yongchun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Information Release ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractInformation release is an important way for governments to deal with public health emergencies, and plays an irreplaceable role in promoting epidemic prevention and control, enhancing public awareness of the epidemic situation and mobilizing social resources. Focusing on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in China, this investigation chose 133 information release accounts of the Chinese government and relevant departments at the national, provincial, and municipal levels, including Ministries of the State Council, Departments of Hubei Province Government, and Bureaus of Wuhan Government, covering their portals, apps, Weibos, and WeChats. Then, the characteristics such as scale, agility, frequency, originality, and impact of different levels, departments, and channels of the information releases by the Chinese government on the COVID-19 epidemic were analyzed. Finally, the overall situation was concluded by radar map analysis. It was found that the information release on the COVID-19 epidemic was coordinated effectively at different levels, departments, and channels, as evidenced by the complementarity between channels, the synergy between the national and local governments, and the coordination between departments, which guaranteed the rapid success of the epidemic prevention and control process in China. This investigation could be a reference for epidemic prevention and control for governments and international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), during public health emergencies, e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic.

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