scholarly journals Rediscovering the Relative Deprivation and Crime Debate: Tracking its Fortunes from Left Realism to the Precariat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Webber
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analytical Power

AbstractThis article revisits the concept of relative deprivation and asks whether it is still useful for criminology. The article traces the way relative deprivation has been used in the past to understand crime and how it has connections to other, more recent, additions to debates on social justice. I argue that relative deprivation has disappeared even in the place that it had become the key explanation for crime—left realism. In so doing, I explore the resurrection of left realism in criminology—what I refer to as “post-millennial left realism”—first, by those who were associated with it originally, and then with Hall and Winlow’s (2015, 2017) shift in emphasis to what they term “ultra-realism.” I maintain that relative deprivation is still a powerful concept for bridging several related areas that should still be central to the concerns of criminology—in part, because it is still a major concern in popular social science and social psychology. Why has it disappeared in criminology? I present an argument that suggests that the absence of certain research methods, such as ethnographic and qualitative or small-scale survey methods, has impoverished our understanding of the lived reality of people experiencing the social transformations of a networked, precarious society. The massive polarization and disruption in politics and social discourse, as well as the worldwide economic, public health, and social transformations (ranging from the #MeToo and Black Lives Matter protests to the COVID-19 global pandemic) have demonstrated the continued relevance and analytical power that relative deprivation, in its elaborated form, brings to questions of crime and justice.

The Anthropology of Mining: The Social and Environmental Impacts of Resource Extraction in the Mineral Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry K. Jacka
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peasant Farmers

This article examines the social and environmental costs of living in the mineral age, wherein contemporary global livelihoods depend almost completely on the extraction of mineral resources. Owing to the logic of extractivism—the rapid and widespread removal of resources for exchange in global capitalist markets—both developed and developing countries are inextricably entangled in pursuing resource extraction as a means of sustaining current lifestyles as well as a key mechanism for promoting socioeconomic development. The past 15 years has seen a massive expansion of mineral resource extraction as many developing countries liberalized their mining sectors, allowing foreign capital and mining companies onto the lands of peasant farmers and indigenous people. This mining expansion has also facilitated the rise of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Transformations in livelihoods and corporate practices as well as the environmental impacts and social conflicts wrought by mining are the central foci of this article.

Misoprostol on trial: a descriptive study of the criminalization of an essential medicine in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Prandini Assis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The Social

Misoprostol is a medicine with a “double” social life recorded in several places, including Brazil. Within formal and authorized health facilities, it is an essential medicine, used for life-saving obstetric procedures. On the streets, or in online informal markets, misoprostol is treated as a dangerous drug used to induce illegal abortions. In the Brazilian case, despite a rich anthropological and public health analysis of the social consequences of misoprostol’s double life, there are no studies on the legal implications. This article offers such descriptive analysis, presenting and examining a comprehensive dataset of how Brazilian courts have treated misoprostol in the past three decades. It consists of an encompassing mapping of the “when, where, how, and who” of misoprostol criminalization in Brazil, pointing to the unjust consequences of the use of criminal law for the purpose of protecting public health.

Social Inequalities

2019 ◽  
pp. 646-652
Author(s):  
Raj Kollmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Social inequality means the existence of social status groups and, therefore, a normatively embedded structure of social stratification. This chapter deals with social inequalities and their dynamics as conditional and causal factors and as results of processes of radical change. Concerning the first aspect, the chapter discusses social class inequalities and dynamics of (absolute) impoverishment, relative deprivation, and rising expectations among certain social groups that may determine ‘transformative’ pressure or even revolutionary situations. Regarding the impact of social transformations on social inequalities, the chapter suggests that the more radical and complex the social transformations, the greater are their effects on social structures and regimes of social inequality. This thesis is underpinned by providing empirical findings on social mobility and income inequality in different historical waves and (sub-)types of transformation. Finally, the chapter identifies seven crucial bundles of factors determining the extent of income inequality as an outcome of current societal transformations and their characteristics.

Biography and Memory: Sandal Castle and the English Civil War

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Askew
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Richard Iii ◽  
Charles I ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
King Charles I ◽  
Biographical Approach

The post-medieval castle is often neglected in English archaeology, with most analyses focusing on whether the castle was built for status or defence, a debate which has become known as ‘the Battle for Bodiam’. However, in the English Civil War between 1642 and 1651, many castles were fortified either for King Charles I or his rebellious Parliament. Although the fortification of castles during this period is often attributed to acts of desperation and a lack of more suitable defences, an examination of the Royalist occupation of Sandal Castle in West Yorkshire demonstrates how this view is simplistic. The decision to fortify Sandal can be directly linked to the Battle of Wakefield in 1460, when Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, the father of King Edward IV and Richard III, was killed outside its walls. This episode heavily influenced subsequent events, culminating in the occupation of the castle at the outbreak of the English Civil War. The importance of the past during this later conflict is reinforced by the faunal and artefactual assemblages, and the locations in which they were found (and consumed). The complexity of the social discourse at Sandal challenges current approaches in castle studies and highlights the need for a biographical approach which sees the interpretation and interaction of the castle through time and space as far more important than the motivations behind its initial construction. Such a way of proceeding complements existing methodologies but also relies on material culture and history to create a subtler interpretation of these complex buildings.

Trends and Patterns in Latin American Criminality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Country Differences

This chapter presents a comprehensive evaluation of Latin American trends in violent and property crime over the past twenty-five to thirty years, displays short and long time series for different countries, and describes various types of crimes in the region. Different data sources depict the clear upward trend in criminality and country differences in the intensity of crime. This chapter also discusses the merits of transcending homicide data to fully assess the social transformations occurring in the region. Finally, it describes the dependent variable of this book.

scholarly journals The Response Measures to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Qu ◽  
Xiaoju Lv
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Rapid Testing ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract For China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the most extensive infection, and the hardest to contain over the past 70 years. The different organizations and institutions in China have taken unprecedented public health responses to interrupt the virus transmission in the past several months. The outbreak in China was under control, but the number of confirmed cases abroad is still rising. Coronavirus disease 2019 has presented a global pandemic. We summarized the response measures adopted by different organizations at different levels (country, province, and hospital) in China, such as setting up an effective integrated system for disease prevention and control, effective deployment of medical staff, adjusting measures according to local conditions, establishing Fangcang hospitals, strengthening scientific research on COVID-19, epidemic prevention knowledge education, mass rapid testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and correct personal protection including high compliance of wearing masks, hoping to provide some help for disease control in some regions.

scholarly journals Innovation and Resilience: The Global Design’s Community Response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Mariana Amatullo (Cumulus)
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Global State ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spanish Flu

Diseases are deeply social phenomena and COVID-19 is no exception. History teaches us that many of the major diseases of the past have catalyzed currents of change that have superseded the initial public health dimensions at their core. The 1348 bubonic plague, better known as the “Black Death”, brought about drastic and permanent changes in the social mores and economic structure of Europe. The Spanish Flu outbreak of 1918-19 resulted in one of the deadliest global pandemics of the past 100 years, leaving vast misery and economic contraction in its wake. Decades later, HIV/AIDS quickly became one of the most profoundly altering epidemics of the 20th century from a social and cultural standpoint. These examples are at once similar and different from our experiences with the global surge of COVID-19 in 2020. This pandemic has become an all consuming fact of life. In many ways it is an unprecedented crisis that has thrown us into a global state of trauma. The disruptions caused by COVID-19 have represented a challenge different in scope and scale from many other natural and man-made emergencies we have experienced before. As a result, it has been difficult to rely on a “playbook” to derive guidance about how to proceed and has forced us to operate “pre-factually” in face of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Preventing the next pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Michelle Matzko ◽  
Marie Floryan ◽  
Christian Loyo ◽  
Colin O'Leary ◽  
Allison Stout
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Threat Recognition ◽  
Health Messaging

Scientists have increasingly sounded the alarm about insufficient global pandemic preparedness, messaging which has appropriately escalated in the past two decades after the SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome), MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), and Ebola outbreaks [1]. This global lack of readiness was revealed during the most recent COVID-19 pandemic via slow threat recognition, early mixed public health messaging, supply chain disruptions, and vaccine rollout challenges [2]. This article reviews how pandemic pathogens originate and describes methods of early pathogen detection. It also details how multi-level interventions such as public health messaging, widespread accessible testing, and international cooperation, including funding, are critical tools for mitigating the spread of disease. Finally, we discuss how advancements in biotechnology help counter widespread outbreaks, including the use of early molecular diagnostics, application of therapeutics, and the development of "plug and play" vaccines. The world demands early and strong preparation to prevent the next pandemic.

Public receptivity regarding “in-house” water recycling: results from a UK survey

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jeffrey ◽  
B. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Successful Employment ◽  
The Uk

Whilst the development of suitable technologies which provide opportunities for water recycling has moved on apace over the past decade, their practical application will not depend solely on effective and reliable engineering performance. Successful employment of preferred strategies and technologies will require an understanding of the social environment in which they are to be applied. The study reported below explores some of the attitudinal determinants of public acceptance of water recycling in the UK. Findings show that there is broad willingness to accept in-house water recycling as long as public health is not compromised.

How are alternative stories created in a self-help group?

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Narrative Practice ◽  
Self Help Group

The aim of this article is to reveal how alternative stories and identities are constructed through narrative practice in a self-help group. An analysis using the concept of positioning was conducted with a SHG for the parents facing their children’s delinquency. I use data that were collected in the framework of participant observation and interviews with group members. The results show that parents were describing themselves in two manners: in relation to social discourse and in relation to an emerging group narrative. The group narrative provides support for parents trying to break free from their negative position as imposed by the dominant social discourse. Another important piece of the construction of alternative stories is the positioning that differentiates the past self from the present self. Thereby, the parents acquire a position from which they can criticize the social discourse that was part of the foundation of the past self.

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