scholarly journals How Does Railway Respond to COVID-19 Spreading? -- Countermeasure Analysis and Evaluation around the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghao Yin ◽  
Dewei Li ◽  
Songliang Zhang ◽  
Lifu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transit ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Information ◽  
Implementation Effect ◽  
And Control

Abstract The global pandemic of COVID-19 has a significant impact on world development. As an important part of public services, the rail transit requires effective response countermeasures to control the spread of COVID-19. On the premise of considering the current development of the epidemic situation, this article discusses the characteristics of the COVID-19 transmission and finds out the vulnerable spot of preventing and controlling the spread of the epidemic in the rail transit system. The countermeasures that adopted to prevent COVID-19 spreading are analyzed from the external and internal categories, which were classified by 6 aspects: passenger service, cases care, information, staff, equipment and operation management specifically. Meanwhile, an evaluation architecture was constructed, which were established from the views of effectiveness, economic efficiency, acceptability, privacy and so on. The implementation effect of the measures was evaluated and the advantage and shortage of them were analyzed, which can be used to guide the epidemic prevention and control for the rail transit systems of the countries around the world in the future. It is meaningful to formulate a reasonable work schedule according to local conditions, providing a reference for rapid response to future public health emergency of international concern.

scholarly journals How Does Railway Respond to the Spread of COVID-19? Countermeasure Analysis and Evaluation Around the World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghao Yin ◽  
Dewei Li ◽  
Songliang Zhang ◽  
Lifu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transit ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Information ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe global COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on the development of many aspects all over the world. As an important part of public services, rail transit requires effective response countermeasures to control the spread of COVID-19. Considering the current development of the epidemic situation, this article discusses the characteristics of COVID-19 transmission and identifies vulnerable areas to target in order to prevent and control the spread of the epidemic in the rail transit system. Countermeasures adopted to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are analyzed in terms of external and internal categories, which were classified into six groups: passenger service, case care, information, staff, equipment and operation management. An evaluation architecture was also constructed, which was established from the perspective of effectiveness, economic efficiency, acceptability, privacy and so on. The effect of implementing the measures was evaluated by a social survey, and their advantages and shortcomings were analyzed, which can be used to guide future epidemic prevention and control for rail transit systems around the world. It is important to formulate a reasonable work schedule according to local conditions, providing a reference for rapid response to future public health emergencies of international concern.

Finite Element Analysis of Rail-End Bolt Hole and Fillet Stress on Bolted Rail Joints

2017 ◽  
Vol 2607 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaijun Zhu ◽  
Yu Qian ◽  
J. Riley Edwards ◽  
Bassem O. Andrawes
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
The University ◽  
Continuously Welded Rail

A rail joint typically is one of the weakest elements of a track superstructure, primarily because of discontinuities in its geometric and mechanical properties and the high-impact loads induced by these discontinuities. The development of continuously welded rail has significantly reduced the number of rail joints, but many bolted joints remain installed in rail transit systems. Because of the unique loading environment of a rail transit system (especially high-frequency, high-repetition loads), defects related to bolted rail joints (e.g., joint bar failures, bolt hole cracks, and cracks in the upper fillet) continue to cause service failures and can pose derailment risks. Recent research in the Rail Transportation and Engineering Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign has focused on investigating crack initiation in the bolt hole and fillet areas of bolted rail joints. Stress distribution was investigated at the rail-end bolt hole and upper fillet areas of standard, longer, and thicker joint bars under static loading conditions. Numerical simulations were organized into a comprehensive parametric analysis performed with finite element modeling. Preliminary results indicated that the longer joint bar performed similarly to the standard joint bar but the thicker joint bar reduced rail vertical displacement and rail upper fillet stresses compared with the standard joint bar. However, the thicker joint bar also may generate higher stresses at the rail-end bolt hole. Additionally, joint bar performance was dependent on the rail profile and bolt hole location.

scholarly journals Flywheel vs. Supercapacitor as Wayside Energy Storage for Electric Rail Transit Systems

Inventions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Mahdiyeh Khodaparastan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Demand Reduction

Energy storage technologies are developing rapidly, and their application in different industrial sectors is increasing considerably. Electric rail transit systems use energy storage for different applications, including peak demand reduction, voltage regulation, and energy saving through recuperating regenerative braking energy. In this paper, a comprehensive review of supercapacitors and flywheels is presented. Both are compared based on their general characteristics and performances, with a focus on their roles in electric transit systems when used for energy saving, peak demand reduction, and voltage regulation. A cost analysis is also included to provide initial guidelines on the selection of the appropriate technology for a given transit system.

Assessing Transit Changes in Columbus, Ohio, and Sacramento, California

2005 ◽  
Vol 1930 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Federal Funding ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Voter Approval ◽  
Capital Funding ◽  
Bus Service

This paper compares the changes experienced by transit systems in two state capitals of similar size: Columbus, Ohio, and Sacramento, California. Over the past two decades, Sacramento added a light rail transit (LRT) starter line and experienced significant ridership growth on its multimodal rail and bus system, while Columbus remained all-bus and experienced a decline in patronage. Reasons underlying the divergent performances of these two systems are analyzed and discussed. It is concluded that, in Sacramento, willing political leadership took good advantage of a one-time opportunity for federal funding to build an LRT starter line; that adding LRT made transit more visible and effective and encouraged voter approval of additional local operating and capital funding; and that all of this resulted in a synergy that attracted more riders to the total LRT and bus transit system and led to extension of the rail system to a third corridor in 2003. Although planning for LRT was begun in Columbus during these same years, a serious interruption in the flow of local funds hampered transit development, required cuts in bus service, and prevented development of that region's planned LRT line. Columbus currently has an LRT project in preliminary engineering, and recent reports suggest a consensus to proceed may be emerging.

The Hangover: Assessing Impact of Major Service Interruptions on Urban Rail Transit Ridership

2017 ◽  
Vol 2648 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Julene Paul ◽  
Michael J. Smart
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Service Interruptions ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Transit Agencies

Driven by several factors, transit ridership has increased dramatically in some major U.S. urban areas over the past several years. Developing accurate econometric models of system ridership growth will help transit agencies plan for future capacity. As major weather events and maintenance issues can affect transit systems and have large impacts on the trajectory of ridership growth, this study examined the effect of major and minor service interruptions on the PATH heavy rail transit system in northern New Jersey and New York City. The study, which used PATH ridership data as well as data on weather, economic conditions, and fares for both PATH and competing services, concluded that Hurricane Sandy likely dampened ridership gains. Other major service interruptions, which lasted only hours or days, had little effect on long-term ridership growth. Suggestions for further study of service interruptions, especially in the face of climate change and resiliency issues in coastal regions, are presented.

scholarly journals Differential Equation Analysis on COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
The People ◽  
Equation Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

An infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus called COVID-19 has raged across the world since December 2019. The novel coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to Asia and now many countries around the world are affected by the epidemic. The deaths of many patients, including medical staff, caused social panic, media attention, and high attention from governments and world organizations. Today, with the joint efforts of the government, the doctors and all walks of life, the epidemic in Hubei Province has been brought under control, preventing its spread from affecting the lives of the people. Because of its rapid spread and serious consequences, this sudden novel coronary pneumonia epidemic has become an important social hot spot event. Through the analysis of the novel coronary pneumonia epidemic situation, we can also have a better understanding of sudden infectious diseases in the future, so that we can take more effective response measures, establish a truly predictable and provide reliable and sufficient information for prevention and control model.

scholarly journals Community grid management is an important measure to contain the spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Ling ◽  
Xianjie Wen
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Grid Management

Abstract The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)), declared as a ‘global pandemic’ by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The outbreak in multiple locations shows a trend of accelerating spread around the world. China has taken a series of powerful measures to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to actively finding effective treatment drugs and developing vaccines, it is more important to identify the source of infection at the community level as soon as possible to block the transmission path of the virus to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The implementation of grid management in the community and the adoption of precise management and control measures to reduce unnecessary personnel movement can effectively reduce the risk of pandemic spread. This paper mainly describes that the grid management mode can promote the refinement and comprehensiveness of community management. As a management system with potential to improve the governance ability of community affairs, it may be helpful to strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic in the community.

Emerging Value Capture Innovative Urban Rail Funding and Financing

2017 ◽  
pp. 1617-1632
Author(s):  
Satya Sai Kumar Jillella ◽  
Sitharam T G ◽  
Anne Matan ◽  
Peter Newman
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
The World ◽  
Capital Intensive

Urban rail transit is emerging around the world as a catalyzing developmental solution to enable 21st century sustainable cities. However, these transit systems are capital intensive and cities worldwide are seeking innovative funding and financing mechanisms. Recently, land based value capture (VC) mechanisms have emerged as a pioneering solution to fund urban rail projects. This chapter introduces the VC concept and provides global best practice. The chapter aims to help enhance the understanding and rationale behind VC approaches through assessing the transit impacted accessibility value proposition and various VC mechanisms to capture the value created. A six-step Strategic Value Capture (SVC) framework is proposed which offers a step-by-step guidance to help define the VC based urban rail transit funding and financing processes from VC planning to VC operations.

scholarly journals The Response Measures to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Qu ◽  
Xiaoju Lv
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Rapid Testing ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract For China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the most extensive infection, and the hardest to contain over the past 70 years. The different organizations and institutions in China have taken unprecedented public health responses to interrupt the virus transmission in the past several months. The outbreak in China was under control, but the number of confirmed cases abroad is still rising. Coronavirus disease 2019 has presented a global pandemic. We summarized the response measures adopted by different organizations at different levels (country, province, and hospital) in China, such as setting up an effective integrated system for disease prevention and control, effective deployment of medical staff, adjusting measures according to local conditions, establishing Fangcang hospitals, strengthening scientific research on COVID-19, epidemic prevention knowledge education, mass rapid testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and correct personal protection including high compliance of wearing masks, hoping to provide some help for disease control in some regions.

scholarly journals Update on the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Global Pandemic Challenge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithms ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Death Cases

The 2019 novel coronavirus (previously 2019-nCoV) or coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been summarized as on March 29, 2020. COVID-19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SERS-CoV-2). The disease was first seen during an outbreak in Wuhan, China and continuous spreading from human to human around the sphere. The disease is uncontrolled and increasing the death toll through. The world is facing a global challenge to protect human lives caused by coronavirus outbreak. The number of infected patients is increasing day by day due to COVID-19 as a pandemic. The world health organization (WHO) has declared global public health emergency on January 30, 2020. The disease has been spread around 201 countries with total confirmed cases 634835 and death cases 29891 as on March 29, 2020. The goal of this review to summaries and update the clinical/medical features and suggestions for diagnosis of the COVID-19 as a pandemic. The discussion of the various therapeutic algorithms, risk, prevention and control based on the latest reports has been provided.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document