scholarly journals HIV and Chagas Disease Coinfection, a Tractable Disease?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betiana Guidetto ◽  
Melisa Tatta ◽  
Veronica Latini ◽  
Milene Gonzales ◽  
Adelina Riarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Disease Reactivation ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease

Abstract We present 2 patients born in Argentina who were newly diagnosed with advanced HIV disease and Chagas disease reactivation with central nervous system involvement. The patients received concurrent benznidazole treatment and antiretroviral therapy, showing good response. Improvement in morbidity and mortality due to early treatment makes this treatment appropriate for coinfected patients.

scholarly journals Central nervous system involvement in Chagas' disease: an updating

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eymard Homem Pittella
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Acute Form

A review was made of the available literature on central nervous system (CNS) involvement in Chagas' disease. Thirty-one works concerning the acute nervous form and 17 others dealing with the chronic nervous form, all presenting neuropathologic studies, were critically analysed. Based on this analysis, an attempt was made to establish the possible natural history of CNS involvement in Chagas' disease. Among others, the following facts stand out: 1) the initial, acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection is usually asymptomatic and subclinical; 2) only a small percentage of cases develop encephalitis in the acute phase of Chagas' disease; 3) the symptomatic acute forms accompanied by chagasic encephalitis are grave, with death ensuing in virtually all cases as a result of the brain lesions per se or of acute chagasic myocarditis, this being usually intense and always present; 4) individuals with the asymptomatic acute form and with the mild symptomatic acute form probably have no CNS infection or, in some cases, they may have discrete encephalitis in sparse foci. In the latter case, regression of the lesions may be total, or residual inflammatory nodules of relative insignificance may persist. Thus, no anatomical basis exists that might characterize the existence of a chronic nervous form of Chagas' disease; 5) reactivation of the CNS infection in the chronic form of Chagas' disease is uncommon and occurs only in immunosuppressed patients.

scholarly journals The remarkable pioneering contribution of Gaspar Vianna to the study of the neuropathology of Chagas disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 853-856
Author(s):  
José Eymard Homem Pittella
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
System Involvement

ABSTRACT Gaspar Vianna is considered one of the great names in Medicine and Science in Brazil. Yet, little prominence has been given to his studies in Neuropathology. He was the first to describe, in 1911, the histopathology and pathogenesis of chagasic encephalitis in the acute phase of Chagas disease, as well as the intracellular life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi. Over 100 years have elapsed and Gaspar Vianna's pioneering study remains an example of a meticulous and still up-to-date description of central nervous system involvement in the acute phase of Chagas disease.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Strongyloidiasis and Cryptococcosis in an HIV-Infected Patient Starting Antiretroviral Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Rodríguez ◽  
Paúl Flores ◽  
Víctor Ahumada ◽  
Lorena Vázquez-Vázquez ◽  
Claudia Alvarado-de la Barrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome

We report a case ofStrongyloides stercoralishyperinfection syndrome with central nervous system involvement, in a patient with late human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection starting antiretroviral therapy, in whomStrongyloides stercoralislarvae andCryptococcus neoformanswere isolated antemortem from cerebrospinal fluid. Our patient was not from an endemic region for the parasite, so strongyloidiasis was not originally suspected. For this reason, we conclude thatStrongyloides stercoralisinfection should be suspected in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy in order to avoid potential fatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Cryptococcal Infections in HIV-Infected Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Skipper ◽  
Mahsa Abassi ◽  
David R Boulware
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease

Cryptococcal meningitis persists as a significant source of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV/AIDS, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite increasing access to antiretrovirals, persons presenting with advanced HIV disease remains common, and Cryptococcus remains the most frequent etiology of adult meningitis. We performed a literature review and herein present the most up-to-date information on the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis. Recent advances have dramatically improved the accessibility of timely and affordable diagnostics. The optimal initial antifungal management has been newly updated after the completion of a landmark clinical trial. Beyond antifungals, the control of intracranial pressure and mitigation of toxicities remain hallmarks of effective treatment. Cryptococcal meningitis continues to present challenging complications and continued research is needed.

High incidence of occult leptomeningeal disease detected by flow cytometry in newly diagnosed aggressive B-cell lymphomas at risk for central nervous system involvement: the role of flow cytometry versus cytology

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra Hegde ◽  
Armando Filie ◽  
Richard F. Little ◽  
John E. Janik ◽  
Nicole Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Leptomeningeal Disease ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract We assessed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by flow cytometry and cytology in 51 newly diagnosed and 9 treated aggressive B-cell lymphomas at risk for central nervous system (CNS) involvement to examine the utility of flow cytometry, incidence of CSF disease, and clinical surrogates of CNS spread. Multicolor flow cytometry using multiple antibody panels for light chains and B- and T-cell antigens identified neoplastic clones that constituted as little as 0.2% of total CSF lymphocytes. Among 51 newly diagnosed patients, 11 (22%) had occult CSF involvement. All 11 were detected by flow cytometry but only 1 by cytology (P = .002). Among 9 treated patients, CSF involvement was detected by flow cytometry alone in 2 and also by cytology in 1 case. CSF chemistry and cell counts were similar in patients with and without CSF lymphoma. Only the number of extranodal sites was associated with occult CSF lymphoma in newly diagnosed patients by univariate (P = .006) or logistic regression analysis (P = .012). We hypothesize that the biologic phenotype associated with colonization of extranodal sites leads to CNS spread, possibly related to the microenvironment. Patients at risk for CNS spread should undergo staging CSF evaluation by flow cytometry.

Extradural plasmacytoma with central nervous system involvement in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-456
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kaito ◽  
Hideharu Muto ◽  
Shunta Takebayashi ◽  
Yutaka Otsubo ◽  
Shuichi Miyawaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
System Involvement
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