Doing Business amid Criminal Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ley ◽  
Magdalena Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Face ◽  
Reporting Mechanism

Criminal violence has risen dramatically across Mexico in the last decade, and it has had devastating economic, social, and political consequences. How have Mexicans reacted to these violent trends? This chapter explores the civil actions of the Mexican business sector and their potential effects. It focuses on Monterrey, Mexico, where companies actively helped to create a new, more accountable police force, launched an innovative crime-reporting mechanism to better monitor and prosecute crimes, and engaged with local governments to enhance political accountability and citizen oversight. The chapter briefly compares the experience of the business sector in Monterrey with that of Ciudad Juárez and Acapulco, where the role of businesses respectively resulted in an array of broader civil and “uncivil” actions amid criminal violence,. Overall, the chapter shows that in the face of organized crime, the private sector and governments can potentially collaborate with each other, both as allies and as a system of societal checks and accountability.

scholarly journals PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENANGGULANGI RESIKO BENCANA BANJIR DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA UTARA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidia Reski Awalia ◽  
Mappamiring Mappamiring ◽  
Andi Nuraeni Aksa
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
The People ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
The Village

Cope with disasters is an obligation for local governments as stakeholders in the Region. In anticipation of a disaster in order not to cause any material damage early anticipation of course required of local governments and communities in addition to the government setempat. Because community also has an important role taking part in the face of future disasters, so as to create a sense of security even though the area is categorized as prone to risk disaster. Based on this, researchers are encouraged to try to describe and explain the role of the government and society in tackling the risk of disaster in the village Tahibua. This research is a qualitative research. The results of this study indicate that the government's role in disaster relief in the Village Tahibua can be considered very good, because, based on the narrative of the people in the village Tahibua itself felt the programs that the government has carried out as well as the preparedness of intensified done well before they occur and when disaster.Menanggulangi bencana merupakan kewajiban bagi pemerintah daerah selaku stakeholders di Daerah. Dalam mengantisipasi setiap bencana agar tidak menimbulkan kerugian materiil tentunya dibutuhkan antisipasi sejak dini dari pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat setempat. Karena selain pemerintah masyarakat juga memiliki peranan penting ikut andil dalam menghadapi bencana yang akan terjadi, sehingga mampu tercipta rasa aman meski daerah tersebut termasuk kategori rawan resiko bencana. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti terdorong untuk mencoba menggambarkan dan menjelaskan tentang peran pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam menanggulangi resiko bencana di Desa Tahibua. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran pemerintah dalam penanggulangan bencana di Desa Tahibua bisa dikategorikan sangat baik, karena berdasar dari penuturan masyarakat di Desa Tahibua itu sendiri yang merasakan program-program yang telah pemerintah laksanakan serta kesiapsiagaan yang sangat intensif dilakukan baik sebelum terjadi dan ketika terjadi bencana.

When Good Cash Goes “BADs”: The Role of Bankers’ Acceptance Drafts as a Cash Substitute in China’s Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110200
Author(s):  
Dinny McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
True Value ◽  
Credit Creation ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
The Face ◽  
China’S Economy

Bankers’ acceptance drafts (BADs) are transferrable promissory notes that are designed to facilitate trade and that circulate among firms much like large-denomination bank notes. They play an important role in facilitating sales between industrial companies in China, particularly during straitened economic times. They have also been used to commit widescale fraud as bankers took advantage of the lack of insight regulators had into BADs’ circulation. However, BADs’ true value is as a tool that banks—and, to a lesser extent, companies—have repeatedly used to meet the often contradictory demands made of them by Beijing as it regulates the economy. In the years after the 2008 stimulus, banks used BADs to harvest deposits (companies must place a portion of the face value of a BAD issued on their behalf on deposit at the issuing bank), allowing them to meet strict loan-to-deposit ratios even as the practice resulted in ballooning off-balance-sheet credit creation. When Beijing cracked down on local government borrowing, some local governments got around the strictures by structuring BADs in creative ways that ensured ongoing access to funding. And starting in 2018, banks met Beijing’s demand that they reduce risk while increasing lending to small private companies—a group banks regard as the riskiest potential borrowers in the economy—by massively increasing their discounting of BADs, an approach that technically realized the competing demands but had none of the stimulatory effects Beijing had hoped for. This article will look at how BADs—and their counterpart, commercial acceptance drafts—give banks and state firms the flexibility to balance the political demands of the state with their own perceived interests. It will focus on how banks used BADs in 2018 and 2019 to deal with Beijing’s concerns about lack of funding for small private firms.

OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMDA DALAM MENGATASI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antung Deddy Radiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Conservation Policies

Gaps in biodiversity conservation management within the Conservation Area that are the responsibility of the central government and outside the Conservation Areas or as the Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA) which are the authority of the Regional Government, have caused various spatial conflicts between wildlife /wild plants and land management activities. Several obstacles faced by the Local Government to conduct its authority to manage (EEA), caused the number and area of EEA determined by the Local Government to be still low. At present only 703,000 ha are determined from the 67 million ha indicated by EEA. This study aims to overview biodiversity conservation policies by local governments and company perceptions in implementing conservation policies and formulate strategies for optimizing the role of Local Governments. From the results of this study, there has not been found any legal umbrella for the implementation of Law number 23/ 2014 related to the conservation of important ecosystems in the regions. This regulatory vacuum leaves the local government in a dilemma for continuing various conservation programs. By using a SWOT to the internal strategic environment and external stratetegic environment of the Environment and Forestry Service, Bengkulu Province , as well as using an analysis of company perceptions of the conservation policies regulatary , this study has been formulated a “survival strategy” through collaboration between the Central Government, Local Governments and the Private Sector to optimize the role of Local Government’s to establish EEA in the regions.Keywords: Management gaps, Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA), Conservation Areas, SWOT analysis and perception analysis

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hoinski ◽  
Ronald Polansky
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Michael Polanyi ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Theoretical Science

David Hoinski and Ronald Polansky’s “The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism” shows how the general tendencies of contemporary philosophy of science disclose a return to the Aristotelian emphasis on both the formation of dispositions to know and the role of the mind in theoretical science. Focusing on a comparison of Michael Polanyi and Aristotle, Hoinski and Polansky investigate to what degree Aristotelian thought retains its purchase on reality in the face of the changes wrought by modern science. Polanyi’s approach relies on several Aristotelian assumptions, including the naturalness of the human desire to know, the institutional and personal basis for the accumulation of knowledge, and the endorsement of realism against objectivism. Hoinski and Polansky emphasize the promise of Polanyi’s neo-Aristotelian framework, which argues that science is won through reflection on reality.

Expansion of borders in the Kurdistan region and local and regional positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah ◽  
Abbas Fadel Atwan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
National State ◽  
The Face ◽  
In The Beginning

The borders of Kurdistan represent an important point in Kurdish thought. They represent the hope of establishing their national state. The circumstances of the war on terrorism in Iraq and Syria have led to the emergence of what is known as a "propaganda" and the formation of a global front in its struggle. And with the signs of the collapse of the Syrian state and the weakness of the Iraqi state in the face of the "dashing" in the beginning. These circumstances led to the emergence of the role of the Kurdistan region in the confrontation "ISIS" and maintain the administrative border in the three provinces of Kurdistan in addition to the province of Kirkuk. That the circumstances of the war on terrorism created new international conditions on the Middle East arena, which will generate many problems between the Kurdistan region and the central government of Baghdad, as well as other problems between the region, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The war on terrorism has made countries free to fight the opposition groups under the name Terrorism by their classification. The Turkish side is fighting the PKK within the borders of the Kurdistan region, and this war can develop in a post-"warlike" phase. The war in Syria is also contradictory to vision and not resolved to a specific side and Iran's position on developments is encouraging.

FAITH–BASED COMMUNITIES AND POLITICS IN DULLSTROOM-EMNOTWENI: LOCAL STORIES OF IDENTITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
The Face

A majority of the black community of Dullstroom-Emnotweni in the Mpumalanga highveld in the east of South Africa trace their descent back to the southern Ndebele of the so-called ‘Mapoch Gronden’, who lost their land in the 1880s to become farm workers on their own land. A hundred years later, in 1980, descendants of the ‘Mapoggers’ settled in the newly built ‘township’ of Dullstroom, called Sakhelwe, finding jobs on the railways or as domestic workers. Oral interviews with the inhabitants of Sakhelwe – a name eventually abandoned in favour of Dullstroom- Emnotweni – testify to histories of transition from landowner to farmworker to unskilled labourer. The stories also highlight cultural conflicts between people of Ndebele, Pedi and Swazi descent and the influence of decades of subordination on local identities. Research projects conducted in this and the wider area of the eMakhazeni Local Municipality reveal the struggle to maintain religious, gender and youth identities in the face of competing political interests. Service delivery, higher education, space for women and the role of faith-based organisations in particular seem to be sites of contestation. Churches and their role in development and transformation, where they compete with political parties and state institutions, are the special focus of this study. They attempt to remain free from party politics, but are nevertheless co-opted into contra-culturing the lack of service delivery, poor standards of higher education and inadequate space for women, which are outside their traditional role of sustaining an oppressed community.

The Prophetic Voice of the Church in a Democratic South Africa – A Theological Reflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufuluvhi Maria Mudimeli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Black Liberation ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black Liberation Theology ◽  
Prophetic Voice ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Church

This article is a reflection on the role and contribution of the church in a democratic South Africa. The involvement of the church in the struggle against apartheid is revisited briefly. The church has played a pivotal and prominent role in bringing about democracy by being a prophetic voice that could not be silenced even in the face of death. It is in this time of democracy when real transformation is needed to take its course in a realistic way, where the presence of the church has probably been latent and where it has assumed an observer status. A look is taken at the dilemmas facing the church. The church should not be bound and taken captive by any form of loyalty to any political organisation at the expense of the poor and the voiceless. A need for cooperation and partnership between the church and the state is crucial at this time. This paper strives to address the role of the church as a prophetic voice in a democratic South Africa. Radical economic transformation, inequality, corruption, and moral decadence—all these challenges hold the potential to thwart our young democracy and its ideals. Black liberation theology concepts are employed to explore how the church can become prophetically relevant in democracy. Suggestions are made about how the church and the state can best form partnerships. In avoiding taking only a critical stance, the church could fulfil its mandate “in season and out of season” and continue to be a prophetic voice on behalf of ordinary South Africans.

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