Rural Inventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Farmer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Part Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
A Site ◽  
Rural France ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

In post–World War II France, commitment to cutting-edge technological modernization and explosive economic growth uprooted rural populations and eroded the village traditions of a largely peasant nation. And yet, this book argues, rural France did not vanish in the sweeping transformations of the 1950s and 1960s. The attachment of the French to rural ways and the agricultural past became a widely shared preoccupation in the 1970s; this, in turn, became an engine of change in its own right. Though the French countryside is often imagined as stable and enduring, this book presents it as a site not just of decline and loss, but also of change and adaptation. Rural Inventions explores the rise of restored peasant houses as second residences; utopian experiments in rural communes and in going back to the land; environmentalism; the literary success of peasant autobiographies; photography; and other representations through which the French revalorized rural life and landscapes. The peasantry as a social class may have died out, but the countryside persisted, valued as a site not only for agriculture but increasingly for sport and leisure, tourism, and social and political engagement; a place to dwell part-time as well as full-time; and a natural environment worth protecting. The postwar French state and the nation’s rural and urban inhabitants remade the French countryside in relation to the city and to the world at large, invoking not only traditional France but also creating a vibrant and evolving part of the France yet to come.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 268-280
Author(s):  
Kory Olson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
Housing Shortages ◽  
Paris Region ◽  
To Come ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The City

The tumultuous nineteenth century brought Parisian led regime change in 1830, 1848 and in many respects 1870. Although Napoleon III and Haussmann had hoped their Paris works would tame the capital city as they constructed uniform boulevards and transformed the crowded medieval centre into a bourgeois space. Throughout the twentieth century, the movement of people and goods throughout the Paris region remained a challenge and official maps showed how to address that issue. The German occupation during World War II effectively ended any hope of Prost’s 1934 plan to come to fruition. However, the damages afflicted on the city during combat allowed leaders to refocus their attention on the city. The pre-war work done by the Service géographique, Jaussely, and Prost allow future urban officials, such as Lopez and Bernard Lafay, to address problems such as increased traffic, parking, housing shortages, decentralization, and increased sprawl. The end of the war shifted national priorities away from the capital but by the 1950s, economic growth meant that urban planners needed to focus yet again on ameliorating development in greater Paris.

Leslie Crombie. 10 June 1923 — 3 August 1999

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Pattenden
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
World War ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
School Certificate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Three Sisters

Leslie Crombie was born in York on 10 June 1923, the second eldest, and only boy, of Walter Crombie and Gladys (née Clarkson). On his father's side his great-grandfather had kept a tobacconist shop in York and his grandfather, George, had founded a prosperous legal practice in the City of York. On his mother's side, Leslie's great–grandfather originated from London and settled in York after helping to build the York Railway Station. Leslie's father qualified as a solicitor and practised law in his grandfather George's office. However, he disliked the profession and, after his marriage and the death of his father, Walter passed over the practice to his brother Norman and took the lease of a hotel in the Isle of Wight. Unfortunately, the hotel did not prosper and was given up after a few years, and the family, which included Leslie's three sisters, Ivy, June and Molly, moved to Portsmouth. Although Leslie's father had a small allowance from his brother Norman and the legal practice in York, and he had various small intermittent incomes from teaching, the family was desperately poor during the 1930s. Leslie received little encouragement from his parents, but he passed the 11+ examination and entered Portsmouth Northern Grammar School in 1934, where he was awarded a very respectable School Certificate when he was 16 years old. However, it was now 1939 and World War II was about to start, and his school was evacuated to Winchester. With poor living conditions and little facilities for study, the young Leslie was determined to take a job and study part-time. He was appointed in 1940 as an assistant in the analytical laboratory of Timothy Whites and Taylor at their head office in Portsmouth under the supervision of Ron Gillham, who greatly influenced his further career; he was paid 13 shillings and 6 pence (in decimal terms, 67½pence) per week. In the evenings, Leslie studied at Portsmouth Municipal College for a London University Intermediate BSc. Alas, after a heavy bombing raid in January 1941, Timothy Whites and Taylor's laboratories were removed from the map, along with a great deal of the centre of Portsmouth—but fortunately not the MunicipalCollege.

scholarly journals Contribution to the Analysis of Depopulation in Rural Areas of the Balkans: Case Study of the Municipality of Niksic, Montenegro

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3328
Author(s):  
Biljana Mickovic ◽  
Dragica Mijanovic ◽  
Velibor Spalevic ◽  
Goran Skataric ◽  
Branislav Dudic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
The City

This paper analyses demographic trends and population decline of the rural area surrounding Niksic, Montenegro, from the second half of the 20th century to the first two decades of the 21st century. After World War II, industry in Niksic began to develop strongly. A large number of state enterprises started to operate, and the consequent industrialisation and improved living conditions triggered a wave of migration from the surrounding rural areas to Niksic. The paper describes the depopulation of rural areas and the causes and consequences of migration within the Municipality of Niksic based on an analysis of population movement and density, the rural and urban populations, and the age structure of the population. Transformations of the economy after 1990 indicate that the neglect of agriculture and the destruction of agricultural land are mistakes that will prove difficult to correct. The results of our research reveal that, today, revitalisation of the countryside is only possible if non-agricultural activities are brought to the area centres and the quality of life is improved in the villages, which would reduce unemployment in the city. A solid traffic infrastructure between individual settlements and their connection with the city is also necessary. Between 2003 and 2011, the agricultural population increased by 1.2%, which gives hope because agriculture is now being recognised as significant, and a movement for changing the inherited negative perception of it is being created. This research is addressed to the state and municipal administrations of the region with the message to implement responsible and timely measures to revitalise the countryside and stop the extinction of the villages.

Kina warszawskie: wrzesień–grudzień 1939 roku

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Karol Szymański
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
General Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

Karol Szymański depicts the history of the Warsaw cinemas and analyzes the cinema repertoire in the particular time from September to December 1939 (that is from the outbreak of World War II, through the defense and the siege of Warsaw, until the first months of the German occupation) taking into account a wider context of living conditions in the capital as well as a changing front and political situation. The author draws attention, among other things, to the rapid decrease in the cinema audience in the first week of September. As a consequence cinemas ceased to work, which made them unable to fulfill their informational or propaganda role and provide the inhabitants of the fighting city with the escapist or uplifting entertainment. During the siege of Warsaw some cinemas changed their functions and became a shelter for several thousand fire victims and refugees, while others were irretrievably destroyed in bombings and fires. In turn, after the capitulation and takeover of the city by the Germans, some of the most representative cinemas which survived (they were entirely expropriated by the administration of the General Government) began to gradually resume their activity from the beginning of November. By the end of 1939 there were already eight reactivated cinemas in Warsaw, including one (Helgoland, former Palladium) intended only for the Germans. These cinemas showed only German films – they were entertaining productions which were well-executed, devoid of explicit propaganda or ideological elements, with the greatest stars of the Third Reich cinema. However, December 1939 brought also the first action of the Polish resistance against German cinemas and cinema audience in Warsaw, which in the years to come developed and became an important element of the civilian fight against the occupant.

scholarly journals A study of developing a spatial entity greenway in the case of Irbid City – Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Ansam Bzour ◽  
Istvan Valanszki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
City Development ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
To Come ◽  
Expansion Model ◽  
The City

Greenways are urban elements that are designed to show the linear consistency and connectivity between open green spaces and cause a development in the urban texture. As a city starts to grow, the absolute metropolitan development should be followed by an ongoing protection of the rural and urban territories. The nexus between the city development and the fortification of the open agricultural and rural lands is deemed a good strategy in order to result in a homogenous urban fabric of the city. The study aims to present a greenway model of development to work as a prototype applied on an existing route in Irbid City-Jordan by using the methods of testing and analyzing the route during the site visit and by using GIS base maps in order to come up with an absolute combination between monitoring the city growth, maintaining the quality of the agricultural lands and serving the public and local needs in order to result in a more balanced and controlled growth of the city. Irbid city is located in the northern part of Jordan with a radial urban expansion model of growth extending from the historical center and spreading toward the outskirts of the city. Regarding the significant increase in the number of population in Irbid City-Jordan since the 1970s until nowadays and the continuous need for habitats, there was a huge number of housing projects in the inner part of the city that expanded toward the outer part including the rural areas, resulting in a huge lack of agricultural lands and open recreational spaces where people can benefit from. Those spaces form an outlet of the city connected with the inner part by a route. Establishing a greenway along the route raises the integration between people and their lands and encourages farmers to develop and harvest. According to this study, the greenway development, which forms a breath out to the highly built-up area in the city, has become a great tool to result in tremendous beneficial outcomes to the city development.

Learn from elsewhere: A relational geography of policy learning in Bangkok’s Creative District

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110400
Author(s):  
Napong Tao Rugkhapan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Learning ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Selective Perception ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
Border Policy ◽  
To Come ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City ◽  
At Home

The article investigates Charoengkrung Creative District as a site of cross-border policy learning. Heralded as Thailand's first creative district and a “prototype” for many more to come, Charoenkrung Creative District promises to rejuvenate the city through a participatory, broad-based approach. Rather than analyzing the creative district as a local intervention, the article foregrounds the transnational character of policymaking. It shows that while the policy intervention is local, it is globally inspired by the imaginaries of “successful” elsewheres. The paper analyzes the state's discourse of creativity as a global–local negotiation, whereby the local understanding of creativity is contingent upon (and therefore curtailed by) its selective perception of foreign successes. Building upon the notion of assemblage, it points to a collage of policy ideas and imaginaries of success, which are mobilized to promote the vision of the creative district at home.

scholarly journals Astronomical observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
V. Efimenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
The Village

In 2019, the Astronomical Observatory had 48 full-time employees and 11 part-time employees. A total of 59 employees, including 34 scientists, including 24 full-time (6 doctors of sciences and 16 candidates of sciences) and 10 part-time employees (1 doctor and 3 candidates of sciences). The observatory consists of the Department of Astrophysics (Head of the Department, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor VI Zhdanov), the Department of Astrometry and Small Bodies of the Solar System (Head of the Department, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Lukyanyk IV.), and 2 observation stations (the village of Lisnyky, the village of Pylypovychi). During the year, 4 budget topics were implemented. The main scientific results. The active nuclei of galaxies have been identified, which are potential sources of extremely high-energy cosmic rays, taking into account energy losses and the influence of magnetic fields on the way to Earth (distance up to 300 million light-years). A large array of observational data of small bodies of the solar system on the 6th (SAO RAS), 4.1th SOAR (Chile), 2.6th (KrAO), 2nd (Terskol), 2nd (OPTICON), 1.3th (AI SAN), 0.70th and 0.48th (v. Lisnyky) telescopes. The reliability of Stokes diagnostics methods of small-scale magnetic fields of the Sun’s photosphere in the interpretation of spectropolarimetric observations of the infrared line Si I 1082.7 nm on modern (VTT, SST, GREGOR) and future (DKIST, EST with a diameter of 4 m) ground telescopes estimated. Published 2 monographs, 65 scientific articles, 25 of them in foreign publications; made 75 reports at scientific conferences.

scholarly journals Ethno-demographic characteristics of the population of Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region in the interwar period

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The article deals with the characteristics of the ethno-demographic situation in Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region during their stay in Romania. It was found that one of the positive effects can be considered a gradual increase in the total population of the studied region by 15,69%. At a time when Ukrainians were experiencing a number of demographic disasters, the Bukovyna-Bessarabian region recovered from the aftermath of World War I and demonstrated a qualitative population growth trend. Along with this slowdown was urbanization. Although in the interwar period the number of urban population increased by 18,29%, but the ratio of rural and urban residents did not change significantly. Migration processes from the village to the city, even if they took place, are hardly reflected in statistics. The highest rates of population growth were observed in Chernivtsi (by 19,9%). Due to the lack of reliable census materials, it is not possible to determine the exact national composition of the region. Instead, it is confirmed that among all the nationalities, who lived in Vashkivtsi, Vyzhnytsia, Zastavna, Kitsman, Storozhynets, Khotyn and Chernivtsi districts that existed before 1925, and in Storozhynets, Khotyn and Chernivtsi districts formed instead of them, Ukrainians were predominant. Keywords: Northern Bukovyna, Khotyn region, population, national composition

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARAMETERS’ CHANGES OF SKIN AND FAT FLEXURES THICKNESS OF EXTREMETIES AT YOUTH UNDER THE CONDITION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2214-2218
Author(s):  
Nataliia S. Alekseyenko ◽  
Vitalii M. Andriychuk ◽  
Ruslan V. Radoha ◽  
Lyudmila V. Fomina ◽  
Larysa Ya. Fedoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
The University ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Education Process

The aim: To determine and compare annual changes of skin and fat flexures thickness of the extremities of rural and urban youths during training at a university. Materials and methods: 200 practically healthy young men (100 residents of the village, 100 residents of the city) were studied at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd courses of their education at the University of Life Safety by means of Shephard R. method. Results: Based on the data we`ve got, the annual reduction of most indicators of the thickness of the fat layer of the upper and lower extremities was supervised. The most substantial decrease was supervised during the first year. The intra-group annual changes were significantly smaller throughout the first year of study, both in the rural and urban groups. Conclusions: Significant differences in intra-group and inter-group indicators were found between youth living in the city and rural residents. In addition, significant differences were found in the thickness of the skin and fat flexures in youngers of both groups during the three years of education process.

THE MUSIC OF ANTHONY GILBERT (PART I)

Tempo ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (229) ◽  
pp. 2-17
Author(s):  
Douglas Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Trinity College ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Piano Sonata ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
Missa Brevis ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The City

First, the essential biographical information. Born in London on 26 July 1934, Anthony Gilbert was a relative latecomer to composition. Not until he was 19 did he start to study part time at Trinity College and not until he was 23, by which time he was working as a translator and interpreter at the London offices of the Société des Fonderies de Pont-à-Mousson of Nancy, did he begin to study composition, largely as a private pupil, with Anthony Milner, Mátyás Seiber and Alexander Goehr. It is a mark of Gilbert's determination that for the next ten years, while working in a variety of both non-musical (warehouseman and accounts clerk) and musical jobs (free-lance copyist, proof-reader and arranger) for Schotts, and full-time Music and Record Library Assistant at the City of Westminster Public Library, he not only devoted his summer holidays to studying at Dartington and Wardour Castle (with, amongst other teachers, Nono and Berio) but also found time to produce a whole series of works, including an unpublished Elegy for Piano, a Duo for violin and viola, the Piano Sonata No.1, Serenade, the Missa Brevis and the Sinfonia.

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