Service as Duty

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Henning Melber
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
World War ◽  
Value System ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

This chapter presents a summary background to the influences Dag Hammarskjöld was exposed to by his family during his upbringing, and the influence his father had as a Prime Minister appointed by the King during World War I. It summarizes his influential role in bringing about the Swedish welfare state as an economist (without a party membership) in the Social Democratic government during the 1930s and 1940s. It explains his internalized value system, which was that of a Swedish civil servant loyal to the public interest and the people, and how he defined and understood his contribution. It stresses his emphasis on integrity and service as a duty of life, views which were inspired by the protestant ethics of Max Weber.

Gerd Callesen, Socialist Internationals: A Bibliography of Publications of the Social-Democratic and Socialist Internationals, 1914–2000. Bonn and Gent: Bibliothek der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2001. 167 pp. Free of charge.

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
Reiner Tosstorff
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
International Association ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
Social Democratic Parties

This is a very useful bibliographical tool produced by the efforts of the International Association of Labour History Institutions (IALHI). This association comprises more than one hundred archives, libraries and research centers all over the world, though the vast majority are located in Europe, and not all of them have the same importance, reflecting the geographical and political unevenness of socialism's history. This particular volume aims to list all the publications of the social-democratic internationals after 1914, i.e. from the time of the political split due to the support for World War I by most social-democratic parties. This means that the left-wing, beginning with the Kienthal-Zimmerwald movement during the war and leading to the “Communist International” from 1919 on, is not represented here. But also left-wing splits from social democracy in later years, as in the 1930s with the “London Bureau” of left-wing socialist parties (and also the Bureau's predecessors) are excluded here, as they openly campaigned against social democracy. Also, a few international workers' institutions (mainly in the cultural field) that had been founded before 1914, but tried to maintain their independence after 1914 faced with the political split, are therefore not listed as well.

Money, Markets, and the State: Social Democratic Policies since 1918. By Ton Notermans. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 312p. $59.95.

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
Carles Boix
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
World War ◽  
Money Markets ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
The Social

Notermans has written a bold and ambitious book in which he purports to explain the conditions under which social democratic policies, and therefore the social democratic project, have been successful in modern democracies. The book, which relies heavily but not exclusively on historical data, examines the ebb and flow of social democratic domi- nance in five countries-Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Britain-since roughly the introduction of (male) universal suffrage after World War I.

Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in the World War I Era

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Eric D. Weitz
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
German Republic

In the reichstag election of June 1920, Germany’s Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) more than doubled its 1919 vote, while the Social Democratic Party (SPD) declined precipitously. Coming only nineteen months after the establishment of a German republic, the election indicated widespread discontent with the governments led by the Social Democrats, who had assumed power in November 1918. In Essen, located in the center of the Ruhr and dominated by coal mines and the giant Krupp works, the SPD was almost eliminated as a political force (Essen, Amt für Statistik und Wahlen, n.d.).

From Public Interest to Private Rights: Free Speech, Liberal Individualism, and the Making of Modern Tort Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 187-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Weinrib
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Law ◽  
Liberal Individualism

Drawing on John Witt's 2007 book, Patriots and Cosmopolitans: Hidden Histories of American Law, this essay explores the role of the interwar civil liberties movement in rehabilitating the discourse of rights and privatizing the American welfare state. In the years after World War I, most proponents of free speech were hostile to Lochner‐era legalism and preferred to pursue civil liberties through legislative and regulatory measures as a means of advancing the public interest. By the onset of World War II, however, they had instead adopted a court‐centered strategy that emphasized individual autonomy. The popular and political resonance of their new state‐skeptical vocabulary suggests that post‐New Deal liberalism in America was a hybrid of classical and Progressive approaches.

Советское «пропагандистское государство» в годы II мировой войны: ресурсные ограничения и коммуникативные возможности

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Лившин ◽  
Игорь Орлов
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Alexander Livshin and Igor Orlov The Soviet “Propaganda State” during World War II: Resource Constraints and Communication Capabilities “The new history of propaganda” studies the historical experience of using propaganda by different countries, including democratic ones, in the time of wars and other crises. It is evident that particular attention is paid to Nazi Germany and Stalinist USSR, the two excessively ideology-driven and politicized societies where propaganda played the role far beyond the boundaries of simple ideological indoctrination and manipulation of the public opinions and attitudes with the purpose of pushing the people towards a desired model of behavior. In both states propaganda became a fundamental core institution aimed at building and sustaining the social order. At the same time, if we consider the experience of Stalin’s USSR, then the usage of the term “propaganda state” introduced by Peter Kenez requires a significant caveat.

Carl Schmitt’s Defense of Democracy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rasch
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
World War ◽  
Constituent Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Persona ◽  
Sovereign Authority

Carl Schmitt accommodated himself to the ascendency of democratic thinking in the post–World War I world of the 1920s. No sovereign authority, he argued, could fail to acknowledge “the people” as the constituent power of an established political order. Consequently, democracy and “the political” become synonymous in his Constitutional Theory (1928). To champion democracy, however, Schmitt emphasized the historical distinction between democracy, based on equality and homogeneity of the collective, and liberalism, which features the primacy of the private individual’s liberty. This chapter shows that key to understanding Schmitt’s defense of democracy against liberalism are his notions of representation, acclamation, and plebiscitary leadership, as well as a strong sense of the public persona of the citizen. The chapter argues that even though we shun his reading of democracy today, a full understanding of the liberal-democratic compromise that we now call democracy benefits from a close reading of Schmitt.

scholarly journals Design of Social Justice In Administrative Courts

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Indriati Amarini
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

This study attempts to discover that an administrative court is a justice institution used as an access by people to get justice in administration. The administrative court carrying out the supervisory function of state administrative action has to be able to give justice in the administration, namely the social justice. The social justice is built on the state’s philosophy, Pancasila, namely the balance between the individual rights (individual interest) and the public interest so as to create balance, concordance, conformity, and harmony between the government and the people.

THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE PUBLIC

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
MARY E. PARKER
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
Nursing Service ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Salutary Effect

For the past few years, many patients have been unable to secure adequate nursing care because there are not enough nurses in the whole world to give it. Unfortunate as this is, it has had one salutary effect. It aroused the public, the administrators of institutions, the physicians and the nurses to the need for doing "something" so that this situation will not continue and will not occur again. This is very similar to the situation in World War I and immediately following. At that time also there was a shortage of nurses, and a committee of outstanding people in medicine and nursing sat down to try to find out what was wrong and to make recommendations to make things right. Out of this in 1923 came the Goldmark Report. The recommendations were excellent and are still good today, but little was done about them. Then came the depression, and there were too many nurses for the people who could afford to pay for this service. This situation gradually improved until we had reached the other extreme, a shortage of nurses due to expansion of nursing service in hospitals and public health agencies and the needs of the armed forces. Much criticism was leveled at the nursing profession, some of it justified, some of it not justified.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

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