Ethnic Categories and Cultural Differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
Jan Fuhse
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Relational Sociology ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Theoretical Account ◽  
Network Patterns ◽  
Migrant Groups

Ethnic categories and cultural differences are rooted in the structure of social networks. The segregation of migrant groups in networks of personal relationships determines the extent to which cultural differences can be bridged and the salience of ethnic categories in multicultural societies. In line with relational sociology around Harrison White, the chapter develops a theoretical account of interethnic relations that examines the interplay of network patterns and meaning (categories and cultural differences). It draws on diverse theoretical strands from symbolic interactionism and social anthropology to Norbert Elias’s configurational sociology. This combination leads to conjectures about the ethnic pattering of networks and sociocultural constellations that resonate with empirical research from the sociology of migration.

scholarly journals e-Diplomacy as Instrument for Establishment of Interethnic Relations

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01144
Author(s):  
Liudmila Reshetnikova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Digital Diplomacy

The article is devoted to e-diplomacy (also known as digital diplomacy) which is a component of public diplomacy. Digital diplomacy is a one of the new tools of foreign policy that is aimed to solve the problems of international and interethnic relations. The article examines the concept and definition of digital diplomacy that concentrates on the use of social networks and digital media in the field of foreign policy. Some risks and threats of e-diplomacy are also considered. The use of opportunities of information and communication technologies for solving the problems of foreign policy and influence on mass consciousness by means of the Internet, social networks is analyzed.

scholarly journals INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN A CROSS-CULTURAL TEAM

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Konstantinov Vsevolod ◽  
◽  
Shumilkina Evgeniia ◽  
Osin Roman ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Processing Data

In the conditions of fragility of building interethnic relations, turning to the problem of developing interpersonal relations in mono-cultural and multi-cultural teams of employees of an enterprise in the period of reorganization is extremely relevant. The article presents the results of the empirical research conducted by the authors, the conclusions were made after processing data using mathematical statistics methods. The analysis of theobtained empirical data shows that in the period of reorganization the factor of cross-cultural composition of the employees teams under study actively manifests itself in interpersonal relations. Differences were found in the level of certain characteristics of employees in different types of ethnic environments. In general, more statistically significant connections between personal and behavioral characteristics were found in the sample of employees in a multi-ethnic environment compared to the employeesin a mono-ethnic environment. The development of interpersonal interaction in a team of employees in a multi-ethnic environment in the period of reorganization should be based on the development of the most significant characteristics of their personalityand behavior: positive ethnic identity, empathy, interpersonal trust and skills and abilities of building interpersonal interaction.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Slovak Culture in the Context of Bilateral Austrian-Slovak Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Michaela Čiefová
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Intercultural Encounters ◽  
The One

Abstract Objective: The main intention of the present paper is, on the one hand, to provide a summary of the characteristics of Slovak culture by applying chosen theories and models. On the other hand, we attempt to underline the significance of bilateral Austro-Slovak relations in relation to the economy or migration tendencies. We assume that, based on geographical proximity and the above stated bilateral relations, intercultural encounters are relatively frequent as well. Therefore, certain perception of Slovaks from the Austrian point of view is likely to exist. Methodology: Our work is based on relevant scientific sources, as well as on our own empirical research reposing in the analysis of an online questionnaire. Findings: Overall, findings of our empirical research may be considered rather positive, as no negative or hostile responses concerning Slovak culture were reported. Furthermore, none of the participants experienced a conflict with a Slovak counterpart that could clearly be ascribed to cultural differences. Value Added: We believe that the conclusions presented in this paper might be helpful not only for managers operating on the international level or businessmen intending to do business with their Slovak partners, for scholars engaged in similar topics but also for anyone interested in intercultural communication and cultural differences.

scholarly journals Who comes to mind? Dynamic construction of social networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Bayer ◽  
Neil Anthony Lewis ◽  
Jonathan Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Network Technologies

Much remains unknown about moment-to-moment social-network cognition — that is, who comes to mind as we go about our day-to-day lives. Responding to this void, we describe the real-time construction of cognitive social networks. First, we outline the types of relational structures that comprise momentary networks, distinguishing the roles of personal relationships, social groups, and mental sets. Second, we discuss the cognitive mechanisms that determine which individuals are activated — and which are neglected — through a dynamic process. Looking forward, we contend that these overlooked mechanisms need to be considered in light of emerging network technologies. Finally, we chart the next steps for understanding social-network cognition across real-world contexts, along with the built-in implications for social resources and intergroup disparities.

scholarly journals Exploring Cultural Differences in the Extent to Which People Perceive and Desire Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Hornsey ◽  
Katharine H. Greenaway ◽  
Emily A. Harris ◽  
Paul G. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Desire For Control ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Collectivist Cultures

In a seminal theory piece, Weisz and colleagues argued that control over one’s environment was less attainable and desirable in Japan than in America. Subsequently, many scholars have extrapolated from this argument to claim broad-based cultural differences in control: that Western/individualist cultures perceive and desire more personal control over their environment than do Eastern/collectivist cultures. Yet surprisingly little empirical research has put this claim to the test. To test this notion, in Study 1 we examined perceived control over one’s life in 38 nationally representative samples ( N = 48,951). In Study 2, we measured desire for control in community samples across 27 nations ( N = 4,726). Together, the studies show lower levels of perceived and desired control in Japan than in any other nation. Over and above the Japan effect, there was no evidence for differences in perceived or desired control between individualist and collectivist nations, or between holistic and nonholistic nations.

Acceptance of Branded Video Games (Advergames)

2015 ◽  
pp. 851-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Martí-Parreño ◽  
Carla Ruiz-Mafé ◽  
Lisa L. Scribner
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Product Placement ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Moderating Role

Advergames are free, branded video games used by advertisers to target audiences with marketing communications in a playful, interactive, and engaging way. Despite their advantages for consumers (i.e., free entertainment content), advergames can also cause concern in consumers (i.e., advertising clutter), making it necessary to explore consumers' attitudes that lead to acceptance of advergames. This chapter analyses the factors that lead consumers to accept advergames as an advertising format analyzing three variables related to consumer-media relationships: 1) consumer attitude toward advertising, 2) consumer attitude toward the presence of brands in video games, and 3) previous experience with video games. The moderating role of culture is also analyzed. To do so, an empirical research study involving American and Spanish students was developed. Findings suggest that attitude towards advertising is the primary factor affecting advergame acceptance for the Spanish sample, while attitude towards product placement in advergames is the primary factor affecting advergame acceptance for the American sample. These results suggest cultural differences related to advergame acceptance.

scholarly journals Coping of Chinese Citizens Living in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Personal Well-Being and Social Cohesion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengna Guo ◽  
Mar Joanpere ◽  
Cristina Pulido ◽  
Maria Padrós Cuxart
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
The World ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Migrant Groups

Chinese citizens in China were the first affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Nevertheless, the disease rapidly spread around the world, leading to the worst pandemic experienced in modern societies. Spain has become one of the countries more severely affected by it, while having a large Chinese community. This study aims to explore the perception of Chinese citizens living in Spain regarding the outbreak in their host country. Communicative interviews were conducted with ten Chinese men and women who had been living in Spain for at least five years. Results show cultural differences in the coping strategies of the Chinese as a response to the pandemic, which differ from those observed by the participants in their fellow Spanish citizens. These findings unveil the potential of integrating the cultural knowledge and coping strategies of migrant groups in the host communities in managing a pandemic, as well as the negative outcomes for social cohesion and well-being from new racism emerging in the context of COVID-19.

Religion and entrepreneurship in hospitality and tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-172
Author(s):  
Anna Farmaki ◽  
Levent Altinay ◽  
Prokopis Christou ◽  
Ainur Kenebayeva
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relevant Theory ◽  
Theoretical Account ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to provide a theoretical account of the nexus of religion and entrepreneurship in hospitality and tourism (H&T) by considering the influences of religion on entrepreneurial motivation, acquisition of resources for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behaviour. Design/methodology/approach The authors synthesise research and theory on religion and entrepreneurship and apply it within H&T, taking into account the specificities of the industry. Specifically, they pooled together relevant theory and empirical research findings which they summarised to identify points of convergence and divergence, before refining the data to allow for further theoretical insights to be gained. Findings The authors suggest that religion may positively or negatively influence entrepreneurship; in particular, they identify various modes of religion influences, which offer insights into how religion may encourage, sustain and amplify entrepreneurship or alternatively inhibit entrepreneurship. Originality/value Religion offers an important yet underused lens for understanding the activities and mechanisms influencing entrepreneurship in the rapidly evolving H&T industry. This study identifies different aspects of the two multidimensional and interdisciplinary concepts of religion and entrepreneurship and offers new insights into the relationship between the two within the context of H&T.

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