Effort Appears Inadequate in the Modern World:Our Identities Are Shaped by Our Real- Life Chances

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willliam Elliott ◽  
Melinda Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Unfair Advantage ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

In its simplest form, the American dream is the belief that success should be determined by effort, not unfair advantage. This idea is embedded in the psyche of most Americans and shapes the way we collectively view individuals’ outcomes. It forms the lens through which we judge social policies that undergird opportunities or compound disadvantage. It is powerful enough to influence the way that people see their own success and failure and that of others. It can blind Americans to the structural forces that chart our fates. Indeed, Americans who want so badly to believe that there is a logic to the forces that shape their outcomes and a real path to their promised future may even excuse patently unfair institutions and the injustices they perpetuate. While these system- justifying beliefs can buffer people from the stress of contemplating abject inequity, as evidence mounts that things are not working as they should, defenses slip, doubts rise, and cracks emerge in the American dream. Today, there is a growing sense that this dream is more nostalgic memory than an accurate representation of the way the world works. A 2014 survey found that 48% of Americans believed that the American dream once was true but is not true anymore. These doubts represent more than just whispered anxieties or casual statements of political frustration. Instead, we contend that belief in the American dream is an expression of deeply rooted faith in our institutions and their ability to deliver on their promises, which in turn becomes a covenant in modern governance. This means that Americans’ increasing skepticism about whether institutions will ensure that their efforts pay off threatens the foundation of civil society. In other words, our inclination to rationalize societal arrangements has limits. When we can no longer explain away inequitable outcomes from schools, the labor market, and government policies, the social contract Americans have forged together is broken.

Perspectivism in the Social Sciences

Philosophy ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (233) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
General Question ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Social Inquiry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
The Way

The general question to which this paper is addressed is whether knowledge and rationality carry within themselves the seeds of their own destruction. Some of those who set out in search of knowledge come to believe as a result of their inquiries that the object of their quest is not what they had taken it to be; seeking to discover the way the world actually is, they are led to conclude that all they can hope to find is a reflection of their own needs and interests; the grail is but a beaker. Similarly, some of those whose aim is to formulate the principles of rational thought are led by reason to deny that any beliefs can be rationally justified; reasons are never reasons for believing but mere epiphenomena, produced by but not producing events whose only begetter is the passions; the quest is just another power struggle. The particular question I wish to ask is whether this picture is an accurate representation of social inquiry.

The way a child understands the world: from real life to virtual reality and back

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kulikovskaya ◽  
Liudmila Kudinova ◽  
Maria Guryeva ◽  
AF AF
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Mobile Phone Culture: The Impacts of Mobile Phone Use

2015 ◽  
pp. 658-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

From being a simple communication technology to a key social tool, the mobile phone has become such an important aspect of people's everyday life. Mobile phones have altered the way people live, communicate, interact, and connect with others. Mobile phones are also transforming how people access and use information and media. Given the rapid pervasiveness of mobile phones in society across the world, it is important to explore how mobile phones have affected the way people communicate and interact with others, access the information, and use media, and their daily lifestyle. This article aims to explore the social and cultural implications that have come with the ubiquity, unprecedented connectivity, and advances of mobile phones. This article also focuses on the discussion about people's dependence on, attachment and addiction to mobile phones, social problems that mobile phones generate, and how people value mobile phone use.

Paradigm Shift for the Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-201
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Way

Through case studies of incidents around the world where the social media platforms have been used and abused for ulterior purposes, Chapter 6 highlights the lessons that can be learned. For good or for ill, the author elaborates on the way social media has been used as an arbiter to inflict various forms of political influence and how we may have become desensitized due to the popularity of the social media platforms themselves. A searching view is provided that there is now a propensity by foreign states to use social media to influence the user base of sovereign countries during key political events. This type of activity now justifies a paradigm shift in relation to our perception and utilization of computerized devices for the future.

La educación financiera, la BNCC y el currículo: contextos y desafíos de las escuelas públicas brasileñas

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-115
Author(s):  
Alessandra Camargo Godoi ◽  
Sandra Zita Silva Tiné
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Education In Brazil

Financial education has gradually been extending its reach, upported through the efforts of the Brazilian government and organized civil society, in the face of the social and economic challenges besetting the world. Like any educational process, financial education requires planning, engagement and mobilization, even considering that the results do not necessarily have a short- or medium-term effect. Considering the trajectory of financial education in Brazil, this text aims to discuss it within an educational context and describe its trajectory up to incorporation into the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), highlighting its recognition in this important and most current curricular document in Brazilian education.

The Societal Impact of World Wide Web - Key Challenges for the 21st Century

2011 ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Janice M. Burn ◽  
Karen D. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Way

Many lessons from history offer strong evidence that technology can have a definite effect on the social and political aspects of human life. At times it is difficult to grasp how supposedly neutral technology might lead to social upheavals, mass migrations of people, and shifts in wealth and power. Yet a quick retrospective look at the last few centuries finds that various technologies have done just that, challenging the notion of the neutrality of technology. Some examples include the printing press, railways, and the telephone. The effects of these technologies usually begin in our minds by changing the way we view time and space. Railways made the world seem smaller by enabling us to send goods, people, and information to many parts of the world in a fraction of the time it took before. Telephones changed the way we think about both time and distance, enabling us to stay connected without needing to be physically displaced. While new technologies create new opportunities for certain individuals or groups to gain wealth, there are other economic implications with a wider ranging impact, political and social. Eventually, as the technology matures, social upheavals, mass migrations and shifts in economic and political power can be observed. We find concrete examples of this dynamic phenomenon during the Reformation, the industrial revolution, and more recently, as we witness the ongoing information technology revolution.

scholarly journals MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI RUANG PUBLIK ANTARA NETIKET DAN NETIZE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Sri Ayu Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Communication Ethics ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Language Style ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Form of communication that thrives on social media, users or citizens of social media termed as netizen were not wise enough in using their language style so that it causes the ethical problems of communication. The problem of communication ethics that began in cyberspace continues to be legal issues and many disputing parties choose to solve the problems of communication ethics violations into the legal issues in the realm of justice. Social media as new media is also called as the fifth pillar of democracy as deemed able to perform the functions of the mainstream media and even correct the existence of the mainstream media which has the force of law and untouchable. And there is none of the institutions that belong to third pillar of democracy is dare to correct. It is different with social media as the fifth pillar of democracy, where the social media people are very observant and decisive in response to the mistakes of the mainstream media. The watch dog function, has now moved to citizens social media with massive in the quiet room attractively run the control in various aspects of people’s real life. The world of taboo to correct the mistakes of the mainstream media has now become a reality in one attitude and one word to enforce the truth.

scholarly journals A call to World Governments; Save youth generations from obsoleted education systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
The World ◽  
Bill Gates ◽  
The Impact

My research is a result of accumulated provocation of obsolete and paralyzing education that has been frozen since the middle ages. We have to admit that before the pandemic, education was already in crisis. Governments have been ignoring to adopt any comprehensive plan to reform the educational systems till it has been unprecedently disrupted by COVID-19. I try through this paper to make a global call for governments to immediately start cooperating together for setting international qualifications framework that best suit future competencies. This call should be prioritized on the world agenda. It would be more plausible for governments, UNESCO and other education stakeholders to seize the opportunity of the 2020 disruption of life cycle for the maximum benefit of humanity. For this to happen we need exceptional leaders with extraordinary vision to transform education instead of ensuring children can keep learning and that every single child returns to school after the pandemic. Another challenge to be expected is the reduction in education budgets being under pressure as governments shift spending towards the health and economic response to the pandemic. The impact of schools closing on a generation of children will be immense on the long term. We must act now to save the education and life chances of generations of youth. At this time of unprecedented crisis, the world must come together to protect education and put it at the very heart of the global recovery effort. Recovery, not as before but as convenient and sustainable with the perspective requirements. It is time to expose youth to real life experiences; we need our children to learn about finance from characters like Jef Bezos or Bill Gates or Mukesh Ambani; to learn about psychology from John Anderson, Eliot Aronson and Ahmed Ukasha; to know approaches of math and physics as Elon Musk and Steve Wozniak. We shouldn’t settle for less when it comes to building minds and souls of our children. With all due respect to teachers and university professors, they are not the only best option for qualifying and training our youth for tomorrow’s challenges. However, those entrepreneurs are not teachers or willing to be, education specialists and strategists are required to set the vision and the procedures required to pave the way for highly practical competencies framework. Analgesics are no longer feasible.

scholarly journals INDIGO Impact Bond Insights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Outes Velarde ◽  
Eleanor Carter ◽  
Ruairi Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
International Network ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
International Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

This report is part of the GO Lab-supported International Network for Data on Impact and Government Outcomes (INDIGO). This report reflects on the general landscape of impact bond projects across the world. The first section analyses the countries leading the way with impact bonds in a number of categories and it also examines the distribution of projects across different policy sectors. The second section provides an overview of international impact bonds - projects where at least one of the outcome payers is located in a different country to the location of service delivery. It presents key statistics on international impact bonds, and analyses their distribution across policy areas and geographies. The last section features the projects of the Life Chances Fund. This report uses data as of 01 July 2021.

The social and personal functions of music in cross-cultural perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

Music's uses and contexts are so many and so various that the task of cataloguing its functions is daunting: how can we make sense of this diversity? These functions appear to range from the individual (music can affect the way we feel and the way we manage our lives) to the social (it can facilitate the coordination of large numbers of people and help to forge a sense of group identity). This article argues that musical behaviour covers a vast middle ground in which relationships between self and other or between the individual and the collective are played out. It surveys some of the extant literature on music's functions – referring to literature from ethnomusicology, anthropology, musicology, psychology, and sociology, and discussing a wide variety of musical contexts from around the world – and develops an argument emphasizing music's role in the management of relationships between self and other.

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