Individuation of Developmental Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Griesemer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Empirical Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Biological Individuality ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Reproduction ◽  
Natural Selection Theory

The author views concepts of individuality and associated individuation criteria, as used in the sciences, as scientific-theoretical concepts that can have different, even conflicting meanings in different theoretical contexts. Focusing on biological individuality in evolutionary contexts, he argues that despite the variety of usage, evolutionary contexts typically involve two senses of process-relativity depending on (1) empirical processes taken to be operating in the world that humans talk about, try to understand, predict, explain, or control; and (2) tracking processes that humans perform while investigating empirical phenomena. He illustrates the process-relativity of biological individuality concepts by contrasting two different kinds of attempt to articulate concepts of evolutionary individuality, one based in natural selection theory, the other in a theory of biological reproduction. Also characterized is how the tracking activities of scientific practices are entwined with the empirical processes on which both individuation and individuality depend.

scholarly journals Diálogos interdisciplinares para uma agenda socioambiental: breve inventário do debate sobre ciência, sociedade e natureza

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas FLORIANI
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Belief System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Nature And Society

O debate sobre ciência, sociedade e natureza, na perspectiva da construção de um novo conhecimento interdisciplinar, exige uma reflexão crítica sobre os fundamentos da racionalidade científica moderna. Por outro lado, a crítica que se faz ao conhecimento científico, coincide com a crítica ao fracionamento que se faz entre sociedade e natureza, com todas as suas implicações sócio-culturais e políticas. Razão instrumental e sistema de crenças andam juntos. Daí que uma crítica profunda sobre a racionalidade e as práticas científicas, no âmbito da relação sociedade-natureza, deve buscar reaproximar os saberes disciplinares, principalmente os das ciências da vida, da natureza e da sociedade. Esse diálogo entre saberes científicos não pode, entretanto, excluir as outras formas de conhecimento do mundo, da natureza e das sociedades. ABSTRACT The debate on science, nature and society, from the perspective of the construction of a new interdisciplinary knowledge, requires critical refelctions on the bases of modern scientific rationality. On the other hand, the critique of scientific knowledge that has been made coincides with the critique of the division between society and nature, with all of its socio-cultural and political implications. Instrumental reason and belief system develop together. Therefore, a deep critique of rationality and scientific practices, from the perspective of the societynature relationship, should seek to bring the knowledge that has been separated into different disciplines closer together again, especially with regard to the life sciences, that is, those of nature and society. This dialogue between fields of scientific knowledge should not, at the same time, exclude other forms of knowing the world, nature and society.

scholarly journals A Critic to Darwinian Theory on Resources Scarcity on the Basis of Quranic Verses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Resource ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

One of the important components in the theory of the evolution of species is the idea of natural selection. The question is, are the assumptions of the subject in the idea of natural selection compatible with the religious conception of nature and the world around? In this study, the author will discover on the base of Quranic verses that how the theory of biological resource scarcity as one of the basic assumptions in the idea of natural selection conflicts with the Qur'anic interpretation regarding nature. If we can show the lack of credibility and inaccuracy of the idea of the biological resources scarcity and the inappropriateness of biological resources with the needs of the creatures-as one of the assumptions underlying evolutionary theory-in this case, an important step has been to distort the above-mentioned theorem. In the Holy Qur'an, traits such as selfishness are often warned that are considered as the basis of excesses leads to poverty and shortages. Quraanic promises according to which righteous individuals will govern on earth, on the one hand, and the divine promise of securing the living of the beings on the other hand effectively challenges the idea of natural selection.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ben Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living World ◽  
The World ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

Twentieth-century psychology took a modernist form, giving Darwin’s approach to agency an unscientific look. Meanwhile, twentieth-century biologists were reconstructing evolutionary theory to highlight molecular genetics, reducing Darwin’s far-reaching writings about the living world to one grand idea: natural selection. Advances in biology today, which ground evolutionary thinking in a theory of the organism (or phenotype), find new wisdom in Darwin’s vision of the world. This vision has two axes. One describes the interwoven lives of the creatures who fill a given habitat, making interdependence central—a theatre of agency or ‘struggle for life.’ The other is what that struggle effects over time periods measured in millions of years, namely: evolution. Like his law of natural selection, Darwin’s psychology drew primarily on his understandings of the theatre of agency, whether discussing the actions of humans, animals, or plants—as the chapters of this book will show.

Les conséquences de la reconnaissance des contraintes phylogénétiques lors de l'étude évolutive de l'origine des traits

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2233-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Chapleau
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Reversed Size Dimorphism

This study examines the origin and consequences of the disregard of evolutionary biologists towards the historical constraints emerging from phylogenetic studies. An attempt is made to establish the theoretical basis that would allow the integration of these constraints in studies related to the understanding of evolutionary processes responsible for the origin of traits. First, the historical context is defined following the concepts of cladistic methodology. Then the empirical limits intrinsic to the structure of the theory of natural selection are outlined. Extrapolations of this evolutionary process at a historical level are not justifiable because of the impossibility of empirical verification. As a prerequisite for the study of species, it becomes essential to distinguish the autapomorphies (evolutionary novelties) from the plesiomorphies (primitive characters). Only the autapomorphies are potentially open to studies concerned with the ultimate causes related to their origin, since it is possible to gather the relevant data. On the other hand, since the selective pressures now affecting the plesiomorphies are not necessarily the same as those responsible for their origin, and since it is impossible to recreate the historical context in which they have originated, it is preferable that evolutionary biologists refrain from elaborating scenarios pertaining to the origin of those traits. A parallel is made between these two types of features and previous concepts of adaptation and exaptation. An example related to the origin of the "reversed" size dimorphism of the Falconiformes is used to illustrate these theoretical concepts.

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

Experiment role in the world music (based on the «The Road» album of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band)

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Iia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
World Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Musical Practice ◽  
The Road ◽  
Music Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Musical Practices

The main objective of this study is the substantiation of experiment as one of the key features of the world music in Ukraine. Based on the creative works of the brightest world music representatives in Ukraine, «Dakha Brakha» band, the experiment is regarded as a kind of creative setting. Methodology and scientific approaches. The methodology was based on the music practice theory by T. Cherednychenko. The author distinguishes four binary oppositions, which can describe the musical practice. According to one of these oppositions («observance of the canon or violation of the canon»), the musical practices, to which the Ukrainian musicology usually classifies the world music («folk music» and «minstrel music»), are compared with the creative work of «Dakha Brakha» band. Study findings. A lack of the setting to experiment in the musical practices of the «folk music» and «minstrel music» separates the world music musical practice from them. Therefore, the world music is a separate type of musical practice in which the experiment is crucial. The study analyzed several scientific articles of Ukrainian musicologists on the world music; examined the history of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band; presented a list of the folk songs used in the fifth album «The Road» by «Dakha Brakha» band; and showed the degree of the source transformation by musicians based on the example of the «Monk» song. The study findings can be used to form a comprehensive understanding of the world music musical practice. The further studies may be related to clarification of the other parameters of the world music musical practice, and to determination of the experiment role in creative works of the other world music representatives, both Ukrainian and foreign. The practical study value is the ability to use its key provisions in the course of modern music in higher artistic schools of Ukraine. Originality / value. So far, the Ukrainian musicology did not consider the experiment role as the key one in the world music.

Does Literature Matter Today? Thoughts of the Outside

CounterText ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Shaobo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Lost Cause ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
The World

The paper celebrates the publication of Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller's Thinking Literature across Continents as a significant event in the age of neoliberalism. It argues that, in spite of the different premises and the resulting interpretative procedures respectively championed by the two co-authors, both of them anchor their readings of literary texts in a concept of literature that is diametrically opposed to neoliberal rationality, and both impassionedly safeguard human values and experiences that resist the technologisation and marketisation of the humanities and aesthetic education. While Ghosh's readings of literature offer lightning flashes of thought from the outside of the Western tradition, signalling a new culture of reading as well as a new manner of appreciation of the other, Miller dedicatedly speaks and thinks against the hegemony of neoliberal reason, opening our eyes to the kind of change our teaching or reading of literature can trigger in the world, and the role aesthetic education should and can play at a time when the humanities are considered ‘a lost cause’.

Simone de Beauvoir's Philosophy of Individuation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hengehold
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

Most studies of Simone de Beauvoir situate her with respect to Hegel and the tradition of 20th-century phenomenology begun by Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty. This book analyzes The Second Sex in light of the concepts of becoming, problematization, and the Other found in Gilles Deleuze. Reading Beauvoir through a Deleuzian lens allows more emphasis to be placed on Beauvoir's early interest in Bergson and Leibniz, and on the individuation of consciousness, a puzzle of continuing interest to both phenomenologists and Deleuzians. By engaging with the philosophical issues in her novels and student diaries, this book rethinks Beauvoir’s focus on recognition in The Second Sex in terms of women’s struggle to individuate themselves despite sexist forms of representation. It shows how specific forms of women’s “lived experience” can be understood as the result of habits conforming to and resisting this sexist “sense.” Later feminists put forward important criticisms regarding Beauvoir’s claims not to be a philosopher, as well as the value of sexual difference and the supposedly Eurocentric universalism of her thought. Deleuzians, on the other hand, might well object to her ideas about recognition. This book attempts to address those criticisms, while challenging the historicist assumptions behind many efforts to establish Beauvoir’s significance as a philosopher and feminist thinker. As a result, readers can establish a productive relationship between Beauvoir’s “problems” and those of women around the world who read her work under very different circumstances.

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

The World after the End of the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kas Saghafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
End Of The World

In several late texts, Derrida meditated on Paul Celan's poem ‘Grosse, Glühende Wölbung’, in which the departure of the world is announced. Delving into the ‘origin’ and ‘history’ of the ‘conception’ of the world, this paper suggests that, for Derrida, the end of the world is determined by and from death—the death of the other. The death of the other marks, each and every time, the absolute end of the world.

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