On Passion for Work

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Robert J. Vallerand ◽  
Nathalie Houlfort
Keyword(s):  
Short History ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Passion For Work

Passion has long been mentioned in the field of work. This chapter introduces the book by discussing the relevance of studying passion at work. A short history of the passion construct at large is followed by how the passion construct has been understood and studied in organizational research. Following a presentation of the definition of the passion construct, this introductory chapter ends by briefly summarizing the perspective of each chapter, thereby outlining the contribution of each one.

scholarly journals Między światami. Rzeczywistość w literaturze – literatura w rzeczywistości – rzeczywistość literatury

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-75
Author(s):  
Danuta Ulicka
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Short History ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theory Of Literature

The author attempts to reconstruct a short history of modern Polish literary studies not from the perspective of schools or methodological orientations that are usually applied, but from the perspective of what is known in sociology as cultural themes. This point of view offers the opportunity to (re)construct the process of continuity /discontinuity in the whole field of research focused on the problem of reference, which has been recognized as the most important one in Polish studies (as well as in Polish literature, and art) since its beginning in the first decade of the 20th century. In the broader scope the article attempts to rearticulate the definition of the discipline conventionally called “the theory of literature”, and to propose a new way of writing its history.

History of Service Robots

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zielinska Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Service Robot ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The short history of service robots with its precursors is given. Next, the definition of service robot is discussed and some statistical data is given. The described history of service robots covers the ancient period with robot precursors, the middle ages, and the period of industrial revolution. The representative examples of different kinds of service robots built in the twentieth century are given. The chapter is concluded with future trends.

1 A Short History of Crimes Against Humanity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mettraux Guénaël
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
World War ◽  
Short History ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

This introductory chapter provides a background of crimes against humanity. The first formal acknowledgement of crimes against humanity as a separate category of international crimes can be found in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal. However, the view that there are overarching legal principles, sometimes referred to as the laws of humanity, that regulate the conduct of men above and beyond the laws of individual nations long pre-dated this instrument. During the First World War, references to the laws of humanity became increasingly frequent. The notion was generally used to describe a category of violent actions that disturbed the international order and that could be directly imputed not only to people but also to states. Significant to the development of the law of crimes against humanity was the work of the Inter-Allied Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and Enforcement of Penalties. The chapter then details the drafting of the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal as well as its legacy.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. xii-24
Author(s):  
Pablo Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American History ◽  
American Music ◽  
Latin American Music ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This introductory chapter describes the contribution of the book to key historiographic and intellectual approaches to music and Latin American history. It locates historically and conceptually the emergence of the category of Latin American music within the history of the idea of Latin America since the nineteenth century. It focuses on the emergence of a cultural definition of Latin America as a region and argues about the centrality of music in it. It is a conversation with many intellectual, political, and aesthetic histories of the region. It describes the main concepts utilized in the book—musical practices, transnationalism, modernity—and the overall content of each chapter.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
J. Ladyman ◽  
K. Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

This introductory chapter provides an overview and a brief history of complexity science, which is the study of complex systems. All living systems and all intelligent systems are complex systems. Complexity science is relatively new but already indispensable. Many of the most important problems in engineering, medicine, and public policy are now addressed with the ideas and methods of complexity science. However, there is no agreement about the definition of 'complexity' or 'complex system', nor even about whether a definition is possible or needed. The conceptual foundations of complexity science are disputed, and there are many and diverging views among scientists about what complexity and complex systems are. Even the status of complexity as a discipline can be questioned given that it potentially covers almost everything. The origins of complexity science lie in cybernetics and systems theory, both of which began in the 1950s. Complexity science is related to dynamical systems theory, which matured in the 1970s, and to the study of cellular automata, which were invented at the end of the 1940s. By then computer science had become established as a new scientific discipline.

Old Concepts Making New History: Refugee Self-reliance, Livelihoods and the ‘Refugee Entrepreneur’

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudena Skran ◽  
Evan Easton-Calabria
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Short History ◽  
Refugee Studies ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Key Points ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Although not new topics in the field of refugee studies, self-reliance, livelihoods and entrepreneurship have recently taken on a heightened emphasis. However, critical questions remain regarding how and by whom self-reliance is defined and measured, and the intended and unintended outcomes of historical and contemporary efforts to foster it. This introductory article highlights key points arising from the Special Issue and presents a short history of the evolution of the concept of self-reliance in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including its linkage to livelihoods. The article then discusses contemporary connections between self-reliance and entrepreneurship vis-à-vis the promotion of the ‘refugee entrepreneur’. It concludes with a brief overview of the articles and themes in the issue. Overall, the article argues for an expanded definition of refugee self-reliance that promotes social as well as economic components and moves beyond narrowly implemented programmes targeting individual and market-based solutions.

Reconstructing History

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-57
Author(s):  
Georg F. Striedter ◽  
R. Glenn Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Definition Of

This introductory chapter describes the book’s general approach and underlying philosophy. The authors adopt a definition of biological homology that recognizes the hierarchical nature of biological organization and allows for any aspects of a character to change over the course of evolution. The only essential homology criterion is that the characters in question must have been retained from a common ancestor, rather than having evolved independently in multiple lineages. These fundamental ideas are discussed in the context of related concepts, notably “field homology” and the homology of cell types and developmental pathways. Although it is easy to get tangled up in questions about the homology or non-homology of individual characters, the book’s main concern is the evolution and natural history of entire organisms and the lineages to which they belong.

Ambient Play

2020 ◽  
pp. 454-472
Author(s):  
Larissa Hjorth ◽  
Ingrid Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environments ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Short History ◽  
Pervasive Games ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Mobile Gaming ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pokémon Go ◽  
Definition Of

In this chapter the authors conceptualize the shifts in mobile gaming through two key rubrics—ambient play and digital wayfaring—that help to coalesce the multiple forms of domestic, casual, and urban play that constitute mobile gaming. In the first two sections the authors provide a definition of these two terms and then a short history of mobile casual gaming in terms of the mobilization of private space. This is followed by a discussion of pervasive games as vehicles for transforming urban environments into playspaces. The authors finish with a brief discussion of the Pokémon Go phenomenon in terms of what constitutes mobile gaming today.

scholarly journals NEUROMARKETING: HISTORY, TRENDS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Kurban
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Short History ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The article attempts to classify partially and to analyse the main types and methods of neuromarketing research, and also considers the possibilities of development of neuromarketing in Ukraine. The objective of the article is to analyze neuromarketing researches and possibilities of their application in the modern Ukrainian advertising. The stated objective provides for the following tasks: 1) to give a definition of the term “neuromarketing”; 2) to study the history of development of neuromarketing research; 3) to consider the most common methods of such research; 4) to determine the main types and directions of neuromarketing; 5) to analyze the prevalence of this trend in the world and to determine the prospects for its development in Ukraine. The result of the study is as follows: 1. Neuromarketing is a modern and quite effective method of promotion around the world. It involves the use of neurology - the methods that enable to determine the peculiarities of human consumer behavior in response to a variety of marketing incentives. The objective of neuromarketing research is to obtain objective information about personal consumer preferences without resorting to subjective data obtained by traditional marketing tools. Neuromarketing is aimed at providing advertising services with qualitative new information about consumers. 2. This trend has a short history, but in recent years it is becoming widespread throughout the world. Neurocranking methods can be used to study the effectiveness of the consumer's influence on the design of advertising, the taste characteristics of the product, both for the effective promotion of commercial products and products of contemporary art, and to increase the rating of political leaders. 3. In our country, the neuromarketing methods are practically not used, that is why we can say about the emergence of only certain elements of this direction. However, the availability of necessary technical base and potential clients allows us to assume that neuromarketing studies in Ukraine can be successful and commercially profitable.

scholarly journals History of Service Robots

Robotics ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zielinska Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Service Robot ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The short history of service robots with its precursors is given. Next, the definition of service robot is discussed and some statistical data is given. The described history of service robots covers the ancient period with robot precursors, the middle ages, and the period of industrial revolution. The representative examples of different kinds of service robots built in the twentieth century are given. The chapter is concluded with future trends.

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