A Gang

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Simultaneous Testing

The first new possibility was that empathic concern simultaneously produces all five egoistic motives we have considered. This possibility raised three distinct but related concerns: (a) The search for altruism has focused on testing egoistic alternatives, not on testing the altruism hypothesis directly. (b) The egoistic alternatives have been tested one at a time. (c) The egoistic alternatives should be examined simultaneously, as a gang. Concerning the first concern, the reason for focusing on the egoistic alternatives was examined and found justified. Second, testing the egoistic motives one at a time wasn’t a problem because when examining each new egoistic motive, care was taken to make sure that previously dismissed motives couldn’t account for the new results predicted by the empathy–altruism hypothesis. Regarding simultaneous testing, several later experiments had addressed all five egoistic motives and failed to support the all-at-once alternative. The gang idea was dismissed.

Why People With High Alexithymia Make More Utilitarian Judgments

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Xiangyi Zhang ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
Shenglan Li ◽  
Ji Lai ◽  
Meng Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Although recent studies have investigated the effect of alexithymia on moral judgments, such an effect remains elusive. Furthermore, moral judgments have been conflated with the moral inclinations underlying those judgments in previous studies. Using a process dissociation approach to independently quantify the strength of utilitarian and deontological inclinations, the present study investigated the effect of alexithymia on moral judgments. We found that deontological inclinations were significantly lower in the high alexithymia group than in the low alexithymia group, whereas the difference in the utilitarian inclinations between the two groups was nonsignificant. Furthermore, empathic concern and deontological inclinations mediated the association between alexithymia and conventional relative judgments (i.e., more utilitarian judgments over deontological judgments), showing that people with high alexithymia have low empathic concern, which, in turn, decreases deontological inclinations and contributes to conventional relative judgments. These findings underscore the importance of empathy and deontological inclinations in moral judgments and indicate that individuals with high alexithymia make more utilitarian judgments over deontological judgments possibly due to a deficit in affective processing.

State-Empathic Concern Scale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Karcher
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern

PERSPEKTIF HALAL DAN SOSIAL MEDIA PADA PEMBELIAN KOSMETIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Larassanti Eka Putri ◽  
K. Bagus Wardianto ◽  
Ghia Subagia
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Simultaneous Testing

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesadaran logo halal dan iklan media sosial Instagram terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kosmetik.  Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen wanita yang menggunakan kosmetik Wardah di Bandar Lampung, dengan sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuisioner, dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran logo halal, dan iklan media sosial Instagram berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial maupun silmultan terhadap keputusan pembelian kosmetik. Kehalalan dapat menjadi branding yang semakin kuat, jika didukung dengan promosi melalui media sosial, yang mampu menjangkau segmentasi pasar yang lebih luas terhadap produk lokal.   ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of Awareness of the Halal Logo and Instagram Social Media Ads on Wardah Cosmetics Purchasing Decisions. This type of research used in this research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is female consumers who use Wardah cosmetics in Bandar Lampung. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. The data was obtained from a questionnaire using a Likert scale. The results of this study explain that Awareness of the Halal Logo, and Instagram Social Media Ads significantly influence Wardah Cosmetics Purchasing Decisions. Simultaneous testing results showed that Halal Logo Awareness and Instagram Social Media Ads had a significant effect on Wardah Cosmetics Purchasing Decisions.

Premature Release of the Prime

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Altruistic Motivation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Exposure ◽  
Helping Relationship ◽  
Premature Release

The third new possibility returned attention to the first egoistic hypothesis: remove–empathy. Perhaps people feeling high empathy think that even if they escape physical exposure to the need, they will continue to feel empathic concern. If so, psychological escape is still difficult, and the results previously reported (see Chapter 4) are as consistent with remove–empathy as with the empathy–altruism hypothesis. Contrary to this possibility, some research suggested physical escape did provide psychological escape in the experiments in Chapter 4. Further, Eric Stocks conducted two experiments that manipulated psychological escape directly, and results of each supported the empathy–altruism hypothesis, not remove–empathy. Based on these data, it was necessary to reject the last of the three new possibilities. Left with no plausible egoistic account of the empathy–helping relationship—this time, nobody else had one either—there was no alternative but to conclude that empathic concern produces altruistic motivation. Our search was over.

Some Good News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Good News ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Business Negotiations

Empathy-induced altruism provides benefits for (a) the person in need, (b) other similar people, and (c) the person feeling empathic concern. Specifically, there is evidence that it can produce the following: more and better help for those in need; less aggression toward them; less derogation and blaming of victims of injustice; increased cooperation in conflict situations (business negotiations, political conflicts, and tensions between students in school); less negative attitudes toward stigmatized groups; increased willingness to help these groups; more sensitive and responsive care in close relationships; increased happiness and self-esteem; less stress; more meaning in life; and greater longevity. The list of benefits of empathy-induced altruism for which there is at least preliminary evidence is impressive. Although not a panacea, it can be a powerful force for good.

A Scientific Search for Altruism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Altruistic Motivation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Past Half

This book provides an example of how the scientific method can be used to address a fundamental question about human nature. For centuries—indeed for millennia—the egoism–altruism debate has echoed through Western thought. Egoism says that the motivation for everything we do, including all of our seemingly selfless acts of care for others, is to gain one or another self-benefit. Altruism, while not denying the force of self-benefit, says that under certain circumstances we can care for others for their sakes, not our own. Over the past half-century, social psychologists have turned to laboratory experiments to provide a scientific resolution of this human nature debate. The experiments focused on the possibility that empathic concern—other-oriented emotion elicited by and congruent with the perceived welfare of someone in need—produces altruistic motivation to remove that need. With carefully constructed experimental designs, these psychologists have tested the nature of the motivation produced by empathic concern, determining whether it is egoistic or altruistic. This series of experiments has provided an answer to a fundamental question about what makes us tick. Framed as a detective story, the book traces this scientific search for altruism through the numerous twists and turns that led to the conclusion that empathy-induced altruism is indeed part of our nature. It then examines the implications of this conclusion—negative implications as well as positive—both for our understanding of who we are as humans and for how we might create a more humane society.

Avoiding Shame and Guilt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Helping Relationship ◽  
Shame And Guilt

After rejecting the remove–empathy hypothesis (Chapter 4), attention turned to the other two classic egoistic explanations for the motivation to help produced by empathic concern: empathy-specific punishment and empathy-specific reward. This chapter considers two kinds of empathy-specific punishment, shame and guilt. The shame hypothesis claims that we help more when we feel empathic concern because we’re motivated to avoid disapproval and censure from others. The guilt hypothesis says that we’re motivated to avoid self-condemnation for failing to do what we should. Contradicting the shame hypothesis, experiments revealed that even when no one else will know if participants fail to help, empathy still increased helping. Contradicting the guilt hypothesis, participants induced to feel empathy helped more even when provided a good excuse for not helping. Given that neither form of empathy-specific punishment could account for the empathy–helping relationship, our search shifted to the third classic egoistic explanation: pursuing pride.

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