Violence and Survival

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-158
Author(s):  
Annette Idler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Behavioral Rules

Chapter 4 discusses security dynamics in contexts where violent non-state groups do not have any arrangement with each other. Embedded in general mistrust, the groups engage in combat or armed disputes. The chapter argues that community members experience or expect to experience physical violence and fear but can partly adapt their behavior to the rules imposed by the opposing actors to maximize chances for survival. It shows how geography and the modus operandi of the groups involved influence the extent to which communities have clarity on behavioral rules. It also explains how, during periods of “tense calm” in between violent clashes, the anticipation of an outbreak of violence fuels perceptions of insecurity. The transnationality of borderlands makes these spaces prone to impunity, lowering the threshold for violent non-state groups to resort to violence.

Borderland Battles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Idler
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Security Challenges

Borderlands are like a magnifying glass on some of the world’s most entrenched security challenges. In unstable regions, border areas attract violent non-state groups, ranging from rebels and paramilitaries to criminal organizations, who exploit central government neglect. These groups compete for territorial control, cooperate in illicit cross-border activities, and provide a substitute for the governance functions usually associated with the state. Drawing on extensive fieldwork with more than six hundred interviews in and on the shared borderlands of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela—where conflict is rife and crime thriving—this book provides exclusive firsthand insights into these war-torn spaces. It reveals how dynamic interactions among violent non-state groups produce a complex security landscape with ramifications for order and governance both locally and beyond. These interactions create not only physical violence but also less visible forms of insecurity. When groups fight each other, community members are exposed to violence but can follow the rules imposed by the opposing actors. Unstable short-term arrangements among violent non-state groups fuel mistrust and uncertainty among communities, eroding their social fabric. Where violent non-state groups engage in relatively stable long-term arrangements, “shadow citizenship” arises: a mutually reinforcing relationship between violent non-state groups that provide public goods and services, and communities that consent to their illicit authority. Contrary to state-centric views that consider borderlands uniformly violent spaces, the transnational borderland lens adopted in the book demonstrates how the geography and political economy of these borderlands intensify these multifaceted security impacts.

Analysis of Bystander Behavior Towards Intimate Partner Violence via Peerformance

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098548
Author(s):  
Mieko Yoshihama ◽  
Amy C. Hammock ◽  
Fatmeh Baidoun
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Safety Constraints ◽  
A Site

This study of a South Asian community in the midwestern USA examines what bystanders do when they witness an incident of intimate partner violence (IPV). Because of ethical and safety constraints, in lieu of observation in a natural setting, data were collected at a Peerformance, a peer-led IPV prevention program, using the forum theatre method introduced in Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed. Event attendees were invited to respond to an IPV incident enacted by peer educators in which a controlling husband’s behavior escalates to the point of suggesting physical violence. Using a grounded theory approach, we analyzed the videotaped bystander actions while applying pertinent aspects of visual analysis. Event attendees responded in variety of ways, exploring and/or de-escalating the situation, providing information, and encouraging the couple to resolve their conflict and/or seek outside help. They expressed empathy, support, and (dis)agreement with the husband and the wife. Their actions encompassed a number of dimensions: introductory, investigative, supportive/empathic, informational, instructional, instrumental, and confrontational. Participants’ vastly varied responses to IPV within the same scenario suggest difficulty in developing a generic IPV bystander program. The findings also suggest possible directions for developing bystander programs to address IPV. In lieu of prescribing and/or proscribing specific actions in a given risk situation, bystander training can help participants build their repertoire of actions while collectively examining the strengths and limitations of various actions in their sociocultural context. Such bystander training is complex and difficult to manualize; it will involve reflexive and critical discussions and learning and trying out various possible alternatives. A Peerformance is a site of action, a realistic and familiar milieu where community members can imagine and try out interventions that may be different from the norm of indifference and non-intervention. It can open up new possibilities for addressing IPV in diverse communities.

scholarly journals Violence against women before and during gestation: differences in prevalence rates and perpetrators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-501
Author(s):  
Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Bianca Portela Teles Pessoa ◽  
Galvani Ascar Sauaia ◽  
Lilia Blima Schraiber ◽  
Rejane Christine de Sousa Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objectives: to analyze differences in prevalence and perpetrators of violence against women before and during pregnancy. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,446 pregnant women interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in the São Luís municipality (Brazil). Thirteen questions measured psychological, physical and sexual violence in the 12 months before and during pregnancy. Psychological/physical/sexual violence was defined as any type of violence perpetrated against the interviewees. The perpetrators were categorized into intimate partner, other family members, community members, and multiple perpetrators. Differences between violence before and during pregnancy were analyzed by the chi-square test. Results: psychological/physical/sexual and psychological violence were more prevalent during pregnancy than before gestation (p<0.001). Insults, humiliation and intimidation (p<0.05) were more frequently reported during pregnancy. An intimate partner was the most frequent perpetrator. There were no differences in the percentage of moderate and severe forms of physical violence and sexual violence, recurrence of aggressions and perpetrators in both periods (p>0.05). Conclusions: gestation did not protect users of prenatal services in São Luís municipality from psychological, physical and sexual violence. Psychological/physical/sexual and psychological violence were more commonly practiced during pregnancy. The perpetrators of violence in the year before gestation continued to abuse the interviewees during pregnancy

scholarly journals A REPORT ABOUT INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN SOUTHERN AND WESTERN RWANDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Immaculée Mukashema
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Psychological Harassment

The present paper reports on intimate partner violence (IPV) in 3 districts of Southern Province and Western Province in Rwanda. Qualitative data were obtained via 3 focus group discussions conducted at the headquarters of each district, and 10 individual interviews with key informants, community leaders who worked in the districts. The types of IPV discussed were physical, economic, sexual, and psychological harassment. Community leaders stated that the women in their communities had no hesitation in reporting economic abuse and physical violence, but noted that the women needed support from other people to report sexual violence, and generally did not report psychological harassment, perhaps because they accepted it as the norm. They also noted that men generally did not report IPV and that the main victims of IPV in all its forms were children and women. The community leaders suggested a number of measures to reduce IPV: empowering females so that they are financially independent; educating and sensitizing family members about their responsibilities and community leaders about laws and human rights; educating all community members about gender equality and IPV, including premarital instruction; increasing access to services; putting in place a law that protects free unions by giving them legal status after a period of cohabitation; setting up a specific institution to deal with IPV; improving both support to the victims and follow-up of reported cases, along with instituting punitive responses to deter potential new perpetrators.

scholarly journals Class Association Program to Prevent Delinquency of Elementary School Children

Abjadia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Hamidulloh Ibda
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Partnership Program

<p>This study aims at describing the class association program in Sampangan 01 Elementary School, Semarang in preventing child delinquency. Delinquency in this study includes physical violence such as hitting friends, harsh words, smoking, hair dyeing, stealing, use narcotics and others. The results of the research, the class association as part of the partnership program for the three centers of education and family involvement in the education unit is very strategic to building families in the success of children’s education. In addition, to play a role in preventing juvenile delinquency, the class association mobilizes class independence in designing classrooms and completing class facilities. The significant impact of this class association prevents child delinquency for one semester initially there were 15 children into 3 children, supports the success of learning in schools, synergies between parents and schools, intense face-to-face communication and via telephone, parent and homeroom meetings, and parent classes. The class association also supports schools in carrying out active learning with classroom transparency media to make children comfortable learning from the work of class community members.</p><p dir="RTL">يهدف هذا البحث لوصف برامج الرابطة الصف في مدرسة الإبتدائية الحكومية سامفانجان ۱ سيمارانج في منع جنوح الأطفال. الجنوح في هذا البحث يشتمل على عنف الجسدي كضرب الأصدقاء, والكلمات القاسية, والتدحين, وتلوين الشعر, والسرقة, واستخدام الوخدرات, وغيرها. نتائج هذا البحوث وهو: رابطة الصف جزء من التعاون البرامج بين ثلاثة مراكز التعلمية و إشراك الأسرية في وحدة التعليم الإستراتيجي جدا لأتفاق الأسر في نجاح تعليم الأطفال. بالإضافة إلى التصريف لمنع جنوح الأطفال, تقوم رابطة الصف بتحويل الإستقلالية الطبقة في تصميم الفصول الدراسية وإكمال المرافق الطبقية. التأثير الكبير لهذه الرابطة الصف هو منع الجنوح الأحداث لمدة فصل الدراسي واحد في البداية كان هناك خمسة عشر طفلا إلى ثلاثة أطفال, دعم نجاح التعليم في المدرسة, التآثر الوالد مع المدرسة, التواصل المكثف وجها من الهاتف, إجتماع الوالدين و ولي القسم, وكذالك فئة الوالدين. دعم الرابطة الصف المدارس في تنفيذ التعليم النشط بواسطة التلوين الفصول لجعلوا الأطفال بالراحة في التعليم من التحصيل الرابطة الصف.ية.</p>

scholarly journals GENDARMERIE ACTING IMPROVEMENT IN COUNTERING TERRORISM

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Stevan Stevcic
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
High Level ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Training Organization

When considering terrorist acts as those whose modus operandi could be described as a non-selective punctual immediate physical violence with heavy consequences directed against a group of people, we can say that it is a phenomenon encountered by the security apparatus of many contemporary countries. Such modus operandi, characterized by a high level of cruelty and impudency, causing the great number of victims, deterrence and public disturbances, is very closely connected with the acts mentioned. The trend of such acts is on the increase, and they are more often performed as the representative form of terrorism, as the complex form of political violence, as well as other heavy crimes, and set a task for the security offices to find effective mechanisms to confront them. This requires changes along the process of training, organization, and tactics in the Gendarmerie police officers' procedures.

scholarly journals Violence among community elderly and its relationship with the nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Ferreira de Moraes Brandão ◽  
Matheus Araruna de Souza ◽  
Gleicy Karine Nascimento de Araújo ◽  
Renata Clemente dos Santos ◽  
Luana Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of violence among elderly community members and its relationship with nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional and analytical study developed with 159 community elderly registered at a Family Health Unit in Recife/Pernambuco between March 2016 and March 2017. The Brazil Old Age Schedule, Conflict Tactics Scales and Mini Nutritional Assessment were used as data collection instruments. Data received descriptive and inferential statistical treatment. Results: Among the elderly classified as with violence, there was a predominance of psychological violence (64.3%), and the majority were at risk for malnutrition (54.3%). There was an association between ‘having a partner’ and psychological (48.1%; p=0.02) and physical (48.1%; p=0.03) violence. Logistic regression demonstrated that being in a relationship or being malnourished increases the likelihood of suffering psychological violence (OR=2.63; OR=3.67), just as not being working increases the likelihood of physical violence (OR=5.61). Conclusion: Violence was negatively related to the nutritional status of elderly community members.

The Negative Consequences of Stuttering for Perceptions of Leadership Ability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽  
Avi Besser ◽  
Yuval Besser
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Perceived Leadership ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Perceptions Of Leadership

Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to extend previous research concerning the negative perceptions of stuttering by considering the perceived leadership ability of targets who stuttered compared with targets who did not stutter. We were also interested in the possibility that negative perceptions of the targets (i.e., low levels of self-esteem, intelligence, dominance-based status motivation, and prestige-based status motivation) would mediate the association between stuttering and a lack of perceived leadership ability as well as the possibility that manipulating the ostensible self-esteem level of the target would further moderate these associations. The results for 838 Israeli community members revealed a negative association between stuttering and perceived leadership ability that was mediated by the perceived self-esteem level and dominance-based status motivation of the target. Further, the associations between stuttering and perceptions of leadership ability were moderated by the ostensible self-esteem level of the target. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding the negative halo that surrounds stuttering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document