The issues of psychosocial risk assessment and management: Russian and foreign experience

: Career stress, psychological harassment and bullying are crucial health and safety issues. A large number of studies have been devoted to the influence of these factors on workers; however, there are no effective practical solutions to minimize them. It is difficult to obtain objective information during the practical assessment of the situation in the workplace. The article compares modern methods used for assessing occupational psychosocial risks in Russia and abroad. The basis of the Russian regulatory framework for the assessment and management of psychosocial risks is state standard GOST R 55914-2013 “Risk Management. Guidelines for psychosocial risk management in the workplace”. This document suggests using a number of foreign methods. In world practice, questionnaires and surveys are the most common and economically acceptable methods that are used to collect information about psychosocial hazards in the workplace. The methods of observation, sociometry, interviewing, case study and stress management are used. The article provides an analytical overview of various methods developed by Russian and foreign researchers to conduct surveys of workers in various industries. These methods simplify the collection and analysis of information obtained from specialized Internet resources, which are currently widely used by Western European countries. Due to the fact that the Russian regulatory acts suggest using the foreign methods, it is necessary to adapt them to the Russian conditions and develop domestic methods used in the identification and analysis of psychological and social hazards in the workplace, especially using various Internet platforms. Modern assessment strategies and methods for preventing psychosocial risks are poorly developed. In this regard, it is necessary to study and identify effective ways to assess, eliminate or minimize psychosocial risks.

Emotional Intelligence Profiles and Mobbing in Nursing: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Sensitivity to Anxiety

The prevalence of mobbing among nurses in various countries is around 17–20%. Some researchers have attempted to explain the success or failure of adaptation to the work environment and teamwork and to buffer the effects of psychological harassment in the workplace by incorporating emotional intelligence into the mobbing context. As its main objectives, this quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study analyzed the relationship between emotional intelligence and mobbing as perceived by nurses and sought to establish the mediating roles of other variables involved, such as social support and sensitivity to anxiety. The final sample consisted of 1357 Spanish, self-selected nurses aged 22–58 from multiple healthcare institutions. The questionnaires (Perceived Psychological Harassment Questionnaire, The Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory, Brief Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3) were implemented on a web platform, which enabled the participants to complete them online. Descriptive analyses and mediation models were estimated. Personal characteristics related to high sensitivity to anxiety and low emotional intelligence implied greater presence of mobbing at work. This mobbing may be buffered if the person perceives enough support from family, friends or significant others. Our results recommend reinforcing the social support network of nursing personnel to improve the work climate and training them in emotional intelligence in university and on-the-job programs.

PSYCHOLOGICAL HARASSMENT AT WORK (MOBBING) AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CLIMATE AND WORK PERFORMANCE IN TEACHERS OF THE PUBLIC SYSTEM TEACHING OF THE SOUTHERN AREA OF PUERTO RICO

Esta investigación pretendióhallar como los cambios en el clima organizacional exacerba conductas de acoso hacia el maestro en dos municipios del área sur de Puerto Rico. Se indagó cómo el Departamento de Educación de Puerto Rico maneja las situaciones de acoso laboral y cómo el mobbingha afectado el rendimiento laboral del maestro. Se utilizó una muestra de 202 maestros del sistema de educación pública. Se realizóunmuestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Se utilizaron los siguientes cuestionarios:(A) Cuestionario del Álamo sobre Maltrato Laboral(2006)y(B) Cuestionario de Clima Organizacionaldel Departamento de Salud de Lima, Perú (Ugarteet al, 2009). Los objetivosdel estudio fueron logrados. Los resultados y las conclusiones nos muestran:i)los maestros afectados por el acoso tenderán a percibir que su rendimiento laboral disminuye; ii) el clima organizacional negativo hace que sea mayor la predisposición al acoso y que el rendimiento laboral disminuya; iii) no existe un protocolo en el Departamento de Educación para manejar situaciones de acoso; iv) los maestros reflejaron una proporción equivalente entre someterse o enfrentarse al acosador;v)la mayor cantidad de participantes identificaron al acosador como su jefe inmediato; vi) lasconsecuencias del acoso psicológico en el trabajo se manifiestan a nivel físico (trastornos cardiovasculares) y psicológico (estrés y depresión). Las recomendaciones del estudio son las siguientes: asesoramiento legal para los maestros y orientación a directores escolares. Se espera que se continúen nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema y que se apruebe la Ley en Puerto Rico.

ASSÉDIO MORAL NAS MICROS E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS: UMA VERDADE QUE NÃO APARECE.

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar o assédio moral nas micro e pequenas empresas e sua ligação com o gênero. Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, utilizando como estratégia de estudo de campo a aplicação de um questionário com 155 profissionais que atuam em micro e pequenas empresas. A produção e análise dos dados ocorreram por meio de estatística descritiva. Os achados demonstram que o ato de assédio moral ocorre com ambos os gêneros, mas possui uma intensidade maior com as mulheres, sendo reconhecido como uma violência. Desta forma, repercutem seus efeitos no desenvolvimento do trabalho realizado e na vida das vítimas, os quais por motivos de medo e receio de perder o trabalho não efetuam a denúncia. Este trabalho contribui academicamente ao suprir a lacuna de pesquisas sobre Assédio Moral e suas consequências nas vítimas e pode auxiliar os responsáveis pela gestão das empresas em compreender melhor quais ambientes são mais favoráveis a este tipo de violência e buscar ferramentas de gestão para inibir este fenômeno destruir do ambiente de trabalho.Palavras-Chave: Assédio Moral. Micros e Pequenas Empresas. Gênero. PSYCHOLOGICAL HARASSMENT IN MICRO AND SMALL BUSINESSES: A TRUTH THAT DOESN´T APPEARAbstract: This study has the objective to investigate psychological harassment in micro and small businesses and their connection with gender. A quantitative and descriptive research was done, using as a field study strategy the application of a questionnaire with 155 professionals working in micro and small companies. The production and analysis of the data occurred through descriptive statistics. The results demonstrate that the act of psychological harassment occurs with both genders, but has a greater intensity with women, being recognized as violence. Therefore, it affects the development of work and the victims lives, who, for reasons of fear and scared to lose their jobs, do not file a complaint. This work contributes academically by filling the research gap about Psychological Harassment and its consequences in the victims and can help those in charge of the companies management to better understand which environments are more favorable to this type of violence and seek management tools to inhibit this phenomenon from the work environment. Keywords: Psychological Harassment. Micro and Small Businesses. Genre.

Socioeconomic Effects in Cyberbullying: Global Research Trends in the Educational Context

Nowadays, cyberbullying has become a problem of social harassment in numerous educational centres worldwide. New communication technologies have provided the perfect support for the development of this type of harassment in peer relationships, in addition to being linked to broad social and economic circumstances. In this study, the global trends of the socioeconomic implications of cyberbullying in the educational context have been analysed, from 2004 to 2019. Thus, a bibliometric analysis has been applied to 1128 articles, obtaining results of the evolution of scientific activity in this period. The articles are mainly associated with the thematic areas of Social Sciences, Psychology, Medicine and Computer Science. Seven main thematic axes have been detected, highlighting those related to the psychological aspect, adolescence, and the school environment. Likewise, the link of the main authors, institutions, and countries to these lines of research has been detected. The evidence has shown the interest and relevance of this topic at the international level. Future research lines propose different analyses about how certain socioeconomic factors influence this psychological harassment inside and outside the classroom.

CHILDREN FRIENDLY SCHOOLING TO FULFILL THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION

Children are heir of a nation’s future. Therefore, they ought to be comprehensively prepared both physically and psychologically in order to reach desired adulthood. Parents, trustee, and teachers together play important roles in this regard. To reach impeccable adulthood, fulfilling certain education extenthas been serving obligatory purpose since long time ago. Generally, one child’s education and well-being have been parent’s responsibility. However, stateguarantees every child access to proper education fulfillment, as it is written on UUD 1945 article 28 C, which ensures citizen development via basic physical needs fulfillment, including getting education and benefit from science, art, and cultural advantages in order to improve quality life. Yet in the middle of the process, sometimes they face obstacles in form of physical and psychological harassment. It can be, they find it delivered through playing groups, teaching teams, or surrounding adults. The complication has to be ignorance to education in general and school reluctant specifically. If the effect carries over they would eventually loss the opportunity of getting education rights served right.This paper aims to study access to education in general, harassment in school environment, and children-friendly school as an effort to fulfill education rights.According to the study the author concludes that education rights serve as one of human rights. Consequently, government guarantee its access to ensure education rights served right, including carrying out feasible actions and countermeasure to prevent and resolve problems in the society. The author would like to suggest children-friendly schooling in every city or regency in Indonesia.Key words: children rights, education rights, children-friendly school

QUALIFICATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSE AS BULLYING: PROBLEMS ASPECTS

Introduction. The article describes bullying as an administrative offense that infringes on the basic rights of the child. The relevance of the article is noted by the fact that administrative liability for harassment in an educational institution was introduced not so long ago, so when drawing up reports by law enforcement agencies, many mistakes are made. Thus, the purpose of the study is to analyze the case law on bullying to identify the most problematic issues in the preparation of administrative reports and bring the violator to justice. The article used general scientific research methods, such as: analysis, synthesis for a thorough study of case law on bullying of a participant in the educational process. Summary of the main research results. Since bullying is characterized by such features as systemic, power imbalance, harm to the victim, the absence of at least one of these elements denies the qualification of the act as bullying. In the case materials, one-time acts of violence against a minor are often considered, which may be qualified under another article of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, but not as bullying. In such situations, an administrative report must be drawn up for the parents of the offenders under Article 184 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, which provides for the prosecution of parents or persons replacing them for failure to fulfill their responsibilities for the upbringing of their children. Violence used by equal parties in resolving the conflict due to the absence of the aggressor and the victim does not contain any elements of the offense. The problematic aspect of bringing the offender to justice is incorrectly drawn up administrative protocols that do not contain all the necessary elements provided for in Part 1 of Art. 256 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. Most often, the report does not indicate the time or place of the bullying, does not indicate what specific actions were committed by the offender, does not contain any indication of the presence of witnesses to the events and does not indicate what damage was caused. Conclusions. Due to carelessly drawn up protocols, which take a lot of time to complete, offenders avoid responsibility because the terms for punishment expire. Increasingly, teachers are being held administratively liable for bullying, as a rule, they carry out psychological harassment of students, such as insults, ridicule or the use of nicknames. However, minors and juveniles remain the main perpetrators of bullying. While administrative penalties are in most cases imposed on their parents. This raises doubts about the effectiveness of such punishment of the real offender and transfers the implementation of such punishment to the parents of the bully.