Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bea Cantillon ◽  
Tim Goedemé ◽  
John Hills
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Social Market ◽  
The Impact

This chapter sets the scene of the book and makes the connection with recent contributions to the field, including influential works of globally leading experts that converge on one point: globalization and technological progress are making the currents of social market economies more unequal. The central question asked in this book is how we can realize decent incomes for all in Europe. To answer this question, the book reflects upon the most prominent measure of income poverty in the EU (the at-risk-of-poverty indicator) and describes past trends in poverty and inequality in Europe. It evaluates the impact of the economic crisis and austerity measures on poverty and inequality and assesses the effectiveness of detailed policy packages as well as the impact of social innovation and social investment. Finally, the book looks at the future by analyzing concrete policy packages and the trade-offs involved that could contribute to meeting the Europe 2020 social inclusion target in a more distant future.

BEING POOR IN A RICH "NANNY STATE": DEVELOPMENTS IN SINGAPORE SOCIAL WELFARE

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550038 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE Y. H. NG
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Social Divide ◽  
Wage Earnings

This paper reviews the trends in poverty and inequality in Singapore since independence, as well as policy recommendations adopted through the years, and their results. Poverty is discussed not only in terms of wage earnings, but also in relation to employment conditions, social challenges that pile up together with income poverty, and intergenerational mobility. The paper finds that notwithstanding improvements in early decades, after fifty years, the problems of a social divide and poverty have come full circle. Social policy in Singapore retains its fundamentally productivist philosophical orientation, but the recent deterioration in poverty, inequality and mobility trends is leading to adoption of more welfare-oriented and universalist policy solutions. Social inclusion is now a national priority, and policy redirection for the future needs to take place in wide-ranging policy domains, including the labor market and economic growth.

scholarly journals The paradox of the social investment state: growth, employment and poverty in the Lisbon era

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bea Cantillon
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Lisbon Strategy ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
State Growth

After the European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion, on the eve of the elaboration of policies designed to help reach the Europe 2020 target of lifting 20 million people out of poverty, it is important to take stock of the outcomes of the Lisbon agenda for growth, employment and social inclusion. The question arises why, despite growth of average incomes and of employment, poverty rates have not gone down, but have either stagnated or even increased. In this paper we identify the following trends: rising employment has benefited workless households only partially; income protection for the working-age population out of work has become less adequate; social policies and, more generally, social redistribution have become less pro-poor. These observations are indicative of the ambivalence of the Lisbon Strategy and its underlying investment paradigm.

scholarly journals Intra-household distribution of resources and income poverty and inequality in Visegrád countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Fialová ◽  
Martina Mysíková
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Equivalence Scale ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Equal Sharing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrád Countries

PurposeThe authors aim to demonstrate the impact of allowing for unequal intra-household distribution of resources on income poverty and income inequality.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies a collective consumption model to study the intra-household distribution of resources in Visegrád countries (V4). It utilises subjective financial satisfaction as a proxy for indirect utility from individual consumption to estimate the indifference scales within couples instead of the traditional equivalence scale. The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2013 and 2018 data are applied.FindingsThis study’s results indicate substantial economies of scale from living in a couple that are generally higher than implied by the commonly applied equivalence scale. The sharing rule estimates suggest that at the mean of distribution factors, women receive a consumption share between 0.4 and 0.6; however, some of the results are close to an equal sharing of 0.5. The female consumption share rises with her contribution to household income. Regarding income poverty and inequality, the authors show that both these measures might be underestimated in the traditional approach to equal sharing of resources.Originality/valueThe authors add to the empirics by estimating indifference scales for Czechia (CZ), Hungary (HU), Poland (PL) and Slovakia (SK), countries that have not been involved in previous research.

Decent Incomes for All

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

This book aims to shed new light on recent poverty trends in the European Union, responses by European welfare states, and how progress can be made to realize a decent income for all. The text analyzes the effect of social and fiscal policies before, during, and after the recent economic crisis and studies the impact of alternative policy packages on poverty and inequality. Furthermore, the discussion elaborates on how social investment and local initiatives of social innovation can contribute to tackling poverty. There are reasons for both optimism and pessimism. The book argues that there are indeed structural constraints on the increase of the social floor and difficult trade-offs involved in reconciling work and poverty reduction. Differences across countries are, however, very large. This suggests that there is ample room for maneuver for policy makers. There is also no evidence of a universal deterioration of social protection. Nonetheless, we observe a persistent and almost general inadequacy of minimum income protection for jobless households, pointing to structural challenges for realizing a decent minimum income for all. To overcome these challenges, unavoidably, efforts to raise the wage and the social floor should be increased significantly almost everywhere. The book highlights that to do so, country-specific policy mixes should be designed.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY RATE OF SLOVAK HOUSEHOLDS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Glaser-Opitzová ◽  
◽  
Mária Vojtková ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Since the goal of any advanced society is to reduce poverty and improve the social status of the population, it is important to know the causes of its emergence. In connection with Slovakia's membership in the European Union, we have taken over European legislation in this area. The Europe 2020 strategy is currently in force in the countries of the European Union, while one of its five main objectives is "Fight against poverty and social exclusion". Poverty research is undoubtedly a topical, multidimensional problem. One of the issues it focuses on is the so-called income poverty. The poverty line is considered to be 60% of the median national equivalent disposable household income. In order for assistance to those at risk to be truly targeted at those who need it most, it is necessary to map the situation in detail and identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the incidence of poverty. In our paper, the subject of analysis will be the quantification of the influence of selected factors from The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database on the at-risk-of-poverty rate in Slovak households. The at-risk-of-poverty rate represents the proportion of people (in percent) in the whole population, whose equivalent disposable income is below the at-risk-of-poverty line. We will verify the impact of selected factors on the at-risk-of-poverty rate using a logistic regression model in the SAS Enterprise Guide statistical tool.

scholarly journals The Impact of Leadership Styles on Quality and Financial Performance in High Medicaid Nursing Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Justin Lord ◽  
Ganisher Davlyatov ◽  
Akbar Ghiasi ◽  
Robert Weech-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Autocratic Leadership ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examines the association between leadership styles on resident quality and financial performance in under resourced nursing homes (70% or higher Medicaid census). The Bonoma/Slevin leadership model was used to classify managers into four categories, autocrat, consultative autocrat, consensus manager, and shareholder manager. Survey data from 391 nursing home directors (response rate of 37%) from 2017- 2018, were merged with secondary data from LTCFocus, Area Health Resource File, Medicare Cost Reports, and Nursing Home Compare. Two models were ran to examine the effect of leadership styles on the dependent variable(s) nursing home STAR data (quality) and operating margin (financial performance). The independent variables were composite scores for leadership styles, with autocrat as the reference group. Control variables included organizational (ownership, chain affiliation, size, occupancy, payer mix, staffing, and race/ethnicity), and county factors (Medicare Advantage penetration, per capita income, poverty, education, unemployment, and competition). Multivariate regression was used to model the relationship between leadership styles and nursing home quality and financial performance. The consultative autocrat was associated with lower quality (p < 0.05), while the consensus manager was associated with lower profit margin (p < 0.05), as compared to autocratic leadership. The consultative autocrat, who solicits information from the staff yet still makes all significant decisions, is associated in lower quality; however, a consensus manager, who delegates their authority to the group, is associated with lower financial performance. Under-resourced nursing homes who face dual pressures need to recognize trade-offs of different decision making styles for quality and financial performance.

scholarly journals Is There a Trade-Off Between the Efficiency and Effectiveness Goals of Income Transfer Programs?

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Trade Off ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Welfare State Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Across countries the aims of transfer policy and the instruments used to affect these policies vary significantly. Moreover, within each country there are tensions between effectiveness goals (minimizing poverty and inequality) and efficiency goals maximizing the impact of given levels of resources). This paper develops a series of measures which capture these cross-national differences in order to examine whether there are trade-offs between efficiency and effectiveness goals, and whether these patterns can be related to a wider understanding of different welfare state regimes. The findings presented here suggest that there is a strong trade-off between efficiency and effectiveness, when considered in relation to the income inequality goal; while the evidence is mixed in relation to the poverty alleviation goal.

scholarly journals ‘Assistance from A to Z’ as an Innovative Social Investment in Action. Evaluation of a Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Aldona Wiktorska-Święcka ◽  
Dorota Moroń
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Desk Research ◽  
Municipal Level

Abstract The aim of the article is to present a case study of the implementation of innovative social investment in the area of social inclusion. The case study analysed, namely the project Assistance from „A” to „Z” — Professional activation of homeless people from Wroclaw Circle St. Brother Albert Aid Society, refers to the social and vocational integration of homeless people at the municipal level in Poland. The authors hypothesize that innovative social investments are key to the success of the policy of social inclusion, which requires new, innovative ideas to empower people at risk of exclusion. The article uses the case study method and the method of desk research, in which an analysis of the strategy documents, source materials and activities was carried out. The results were subjected to critical analysis, using the achievements of research in the field of social investment, social innovation and social inclusion policy. The paper is the result of partial studies carried out within the framework of the research project Innovative Social Investment: Strengthening communities in Europe (InnoSI), financed by the EU Research and Innovation programme Horizon 2020. As a result, one has to consider the question “What works?”. The analysis showed the accompaniment method to be the most effective tool in the project’s actions and one which may be disseminated as a recommendation for social investment. The question “How?” brought evidence that the existing set of activities and their sequence (integrity and complexity) was appropriate, necessary and effective from the perspective of beneficiaries, the Wroclaw Circle St. Brother Albert Aid Society and stakeholders. Considering the question “In what circumstances?”, the key element was related to the leadership offered by the Wroclaw Circle St. Brother Albert Aid Society, which was running the implementation of the project. As a conclusion, one can formulate the cautious thesis that the outcomes can to some extent be generalized, particularly at the level of other local entities in Poland or in other countries/regions of Central and Eastern Europe, which have a similar welfare model (e.g. the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia).

scholarly journals Carbon Dynamics in the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2030 Using Landsat Land Use/Cover Change Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingye Li ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Jean-Michel Guldmann ◽  
Shicheng Li ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Land use/cover change (LUCC) has an important impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle. The spatial distribution of regional carbon reserves can provide the scientific basis for the management of ecosystem carbon storage and the formulation of ecological and environmental policies. This paper proposes a method combining the CA-based FLUS model and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model to assess the temporal and spatial changes in ecosystem carbon storage due to land-use changes over 1990–2015 in the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB). Furthermore, future ecosystem carbon storage is simulated and evaluated over 2020–2030 under three scenarios of natural growth (NG), cropland protection (CP), and ecological protection (EP). The long-term spatial variations in carbon storage in the QLB are discussed. The results show that: (1) Carbon storage in the QLB decreased at first (1990–2000) and increased later (2000–2010), with total carbon storage increasing by 1.60 Tg C (Teragram: a unit of mass equal to 1012 g). From 2010 to 2015, carbon storage displayed a downward trend, with a sharp decrease in wetlands and croplands as the main cause; (2) Under the NG scenario, carbon reserves decrease by 0.69 Tg C over 2020–2030. These reserves increase significantly by 6.77 Tg C and 7.54 Tg C under the CP and EP scenarios, respectively, thus promoting the benign development of the regional ecological environment. This study improves our understanding on the impact of land-use change on carbon storage for the QLB in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP).

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