Epistemic Opacity

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-131
Author(s):  
Johannes Lenhard
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Lower Standard ◽  
Epistemic Standards ◽  
Epistemic Opacity ◽  
Experimental Runs

This chapter shows that—and how—simulation models are epistemically opaque. Nevertheless, it is argued, simulation models can provide a means to control dynamics. Researchers can employ a series of iterated (experimental) runs of the model and can learn to orient themselves within the model—even if the dynamics of the simulation remain (at least partly) opaque. Admittedly, such an acquaintance with the model falls short of the high epistemic standards usually ascribed to mathematical models. This lower standard is still sufficient, however, when the aim is controlled intervention in technological contexts. On the other hand, opacity has to be accepted if the option for control is to remain in any way open. This chapter closes by discussing whether epistemic opacity restricts simulation-based science to a pragmatic—“weak”—version of scientific understanding.

The Interaction of Theory and Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Concepts

Theory shapes how data is collected and analyzed in at least three ways. Theoretical concepts inform how we collect data because data attempt to capture and reflect those concepts. Theory provides testable hypotheses that direct our research. Theory also helps us draw conclusions from the results of empirical research. Meanwhile, research using quantitative methods seeks to be rigorous and reproducible. Mathematical models develop the logic of a theory carefully, while statistical methods help us judge whether the evidence matches the expectations of our theories. Quantitative scholars tend to specialize in one approach or the other. The interaction of theory and data for them thus concerns how models and statistical analysis draw on and respond to one another. In the abstract, they work together seamlessly to advance scientific understanding. In practice, however, there are many places and ways this abstract process can stumble. These difficulties are not unique to rigorous methods; they confront any attempt to reconcile causal arguments with reality. Rigorous methods help by making the issues clear and forcing us to confront them. Furthermore, these methods do not ensure arguments or empirical judgments are correct; they only make it easier for us to agree among ourselves when they do.

scholarly journals Migration from SERCOS III to TSN - Simulation Based Comparison of TDMA and CBS Transportation

10.29007/c5td ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Szancer ◽  
Philipp Meyer ◽  
Franz Korf
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Time Division Multiple Access ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Division

The communication infrastructure of industrial plants, vehicles and many other appli- cations must provide more and more bandwidth, sometimes with strict timing requirements for the transmission of critical data. Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of IEEE 802 Ethernet sub-standards that meet these requirements for a wide range of applications and communication requirements. Market relevance of TSN increases in different sectors. On the other hand, SERCOS III is an established Ethernet-based communication standard, which is used in particular in the field of industrial plants. With cost and limitations of SERCOS III in mind, this paper examines the migration from SERCOS III Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) communication on the one side to Credit Based Shaping (CBS) communication on the other side. TSN supports both mechanisms. The analyses are per- formed with OMNeT++ simulation models. Migration recommendations are derived from the comparison of TDMA- and CBS-based transportation of SERCOS III traffic.

The problem of woman’s emansipation in the feuilleton “Amazonia: a very inept story” by Mykola Chirsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Heritage

The author of the article analyses the problem of the female emancipation in the little-known feuilleton “Amazonia: A Very Inept Story” (1924) by Mykola Chirsky. The author determines the genre affiliation of the work and examines its compositional structure. Three parts are distinguished in the architectonics of associative feuilleton: associative conception; deployment of a “small” topic; conclusion. The author of the article clarifies the role of intertextual elements and the method of constantly switching the tone from serious to comic to reveal the thematic direction of the work. Mykola Chirsky’s interest in the problem of female emancipation is corresponded to the general mood of the era. The subject of ridicule in provocative feuilleton is the woman’s radical metamorphoses, since repulsive manifestations of emancipation becomes commonplace. At the same time, the writer shows respect for the woman, appreciates her femininity, internal and external beauty, personality. He associates the positive in women with the functions of a faithful wife, a caring mother, and a skilled housewife. In feuilleton, the writer does not bypass the problem of the modern man role in a family, but analyses the value and moral and ethical guidelines of his character. The husband’s bad habits receive a caricatured interpretation in the strange behaviour of relatives. On the one hand, the writer does not perceive the extremes brought by female emancipation, and on the other, he mercilessly criticises the male “virtues” of contemporaries far from the standard. The artistic heritage of Mykola Chirsky remains little studied. The urgent task of modern literary studies is the introduction of Mykola Chirsky’s unknown works into the scientific circulation and their thorough scientific understanding.

Measurement of Wiener kernels

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Yoshifusa Ito
Keyword(s):  
Differential Operator ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Main Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Functionals ◽  
Wiener Kernels ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Linear Systems

Since the late 1960s Wiener's theory on the non-linear functionals of white noise has been widely applied to the construction of mathematical models of non-linear systems, especially in the field of biology. For such applications the main part is the measurement of Wiener's kernels, for which two methods have been proposed: one by Wiener himself and the other by Lee and Schetzen. The aim of this paper is to show that there is another method based on Hida's differential operator.

Electron drift caused by rf field gradient creates many plasma phenomena: An attempt to distinguish the cause and the effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. XAPLANTERIS ◽  
E. D. FILIPPAKI ◽  
I. S. MISTAKIDIS ◽  
L. C. XAPLANTERIS
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Collision Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Plasma Parameters

AbstractMany experimental data along with their theoretical interpretations on the rf low-temperature cylindrical plasma have been issued until today. Our Laboratory has contributed to that research by publishing results and interpretative mathematical models. With the present paper, two issues are being examined; firstly, the estimation of electron drift caused by the rf field gradient, which is the initial reason for the plasma behaviour, and secondly, many new experimental results, especially the electron-neutral collision frequency effect on the other plasma parameters and quantities. Up till now, only the plasma steady state was taken into consideration when a theoretical elaboration was carried out, regardless of the cause and the effect. This indicates the plasma's complicated and chaotic configuration and the need to simplify the problem. In the present work, a classification about the causality of the phenomena is attempted; the rf field gradient electron drift is proved to be the initial cause.

scholarly journals The system of points of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Guz ◽  
Yulia G. Babicheva
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the work is to explore the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in its systematic and diverse manifestation. Topicality is provided by the exceptional significance of this category in narratology. The study of the point of view based on the material of short stories by Vasily Shukshin has been conducted for the first time. The article briefly traces the history of scientific understanding of the category of point of view in foreign and Russian philology and notes the variety of approaches and definitions in the formulation of the concept. The authors use the classification of Boris Uspenskij for analysis and consider the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in psychological, ideological (evaluative), spatial-temporal and phraseological terms. The positions of Boris Korman, Yuri Lotman, Wolf Schmid and Franz Karl Stanzel also take into account. The authors note the features of Vasily Shukshin's narration that affect the expression of the point of view in the text. Vasily Shukshin's short stories are characterised by a dynamic and frequent change of points of view, which indicates the technique of “montageˮ and similarities in this regard with cinematic techniques. The conclusions generalise the variety of ways and forms of expression of the point of view in the studied artistic material. The point of view in the considered stories is characterised by variability in the correlation of subjects of speech and subjects of consciousness, alternation of external and internal points of view, mutual transitions from one to the other, text interference and other hybrid phenomena.

scholarly journals Investigations on Temperature Fields during Laser Beam Melting by Means of Process Monitoring and Multiscale Process Modelling

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 217584 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schilp ◽  
C. Seidel ◽  
H. Krauss ◽  
J. Weirather
Keyword(s):  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Transient Temperature Field ◽  
Laser Beam Melting ◽  
Simulation Based

Process monitoring and modelling can contribute to fostering the industrial relevance of additive manufacturing. Process related temperature gradients and thermal inhomogeneities cause residual stresses, and distortions and influence the microstructure. Variations in wall thickness can cause heat accumulations. These occur predominantly in filigree part areas and can be detected by utilizing off-axis thermographic monitoring during the manufacturing process. In addition, numerical simulation models on the scale of whole parts can enable an analysis of temperature fields upstream to the build process. In a microscale domain, modelling of several exposed single hatches allows temperature investigations at a high spatial and temporal resolution. Within this paper, FEM-based micro- and macroscale modelling approaches as well as an experimental setup for thermographic monitoring are introduced. By discussing and comparing experimental data with simulation results in terms of temperature distributions both the potential of numerical approaches and the complexity of determining suitable computation time efficient process models are demonstrated. This paper contributes to the vision of adjusting the transient temperature field during manufacturing in order to improve the resulting part's quality by simulation based process design upstream to the build process and the inline process monitoring.

Motion Trajectory Simulation and Measurement of the 5000V Electromagnetic Repulsion Mechanism (ERM)

2012 ◽  
Vol 546-547 ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Jin Wu ◽  
Jin Wu Zhuang ◽  
Yong Hua Zhuang ◽  
Jun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Displacement Transducer ◽  
Linear Displacement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Motion Trajectories ◽  
Trajectory Simulation ◽  
Piezoelectric Acceleration

Successful applications of the ERM depend on accurate simulation models. Firstly, we built up a model on the 5000 volts ERM with ansoft. Then we measured motion trajectories of the ERM prototype respectively by means of a piezoelectric acceleration transducer, a magnetic grating displacement transducer and a linear displacement sensor. Based on the comparative analysis of the results from simulation and measurement, we concluded that the simulation model was reliable on one hand, and on the other hand by means of a linear displacement sensor along with a magnetic grating counterpart, we could obtain accurate motion trajectories with a relative error less than 5%.

The property market, property valuations and property performance measurement

1985 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Hager ◽  
David J. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Institutional Investment ◽  
Property Valuation ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Property Performance

1.1. The Institute has discussed papers on most aspects of institutional investment in recent years, with the notable exception of property. This is not due to the lack of importance of this investment sector to pension funds and life offices, but perhaps to the greater role of actuaries (rather than surveyors) in the other investment media and to the interest in mathematical models for gilts and equities.1.2. In this paper we have not tried to produce a mathematical model of the property market, a new valuation method for property or solutions to the extensive problems of property performance measurement and indices. We have, however, tried to pull together, in a single paper, the volumes of material on the property market and property valuation methods. We have also tried to set down some of the pitfalls of property performance measurement, which often tend to be overlooked in the relentless pursuit for more statistics in this important area.

Prediction of Relative Motion and Probability of Contact Between FPSO and Shuttle Tanker in Tandem Offloading Operation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Torgeir Moan ◽  
Sverre Haver ◽  
Kjell Larsen
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
The North ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Tandem Offloading

Tandem offloading safety between FPSO and shuttle tanker is under concern. A few collisions between the two vessels have happened in the North Sea in recent years. In these incidents, excessive relative motions (termed as surging and yawing in this paper) between FPSO and tanker are identified as “failure prone situations” which have contributed to the initiation of most collision incidents. To quantitatively assess the probability of surging and yawing events, and more importantly, to effectively reduce their occurrence in tandem offloading operation, we present a simulation-based approach in this paper, which is carried out by a state-of-the-art time-domain simulation code SIMO. The SIMO simulation models are setup and calibrated for a typical North Sea purpose-built FPSO and a DP shuttle tanker. This 2-vessel system motion in tandem offloading is simulated. The simulated relative distance and relative heading between FPSO and tanker are analyzed by fitting their extreme values into statistical models. This gives out probabilities of surging and yawing events. Sensitivity studies are performed to analyze contributions from various technical and operational factors. Measures to minimize the occurrence of surging and yawing from design and operational point of view are proposed.

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