Private Debt Markets

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Douglas Cumming ◽  
Grant Fleming ◽  
Zhangxin (Frank) Liu
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Syndicated Loans ◽  
Private Debt ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
The World ◽  
Debt Markets ◽  
Private Placements ◽  
Direct Lending ◽  
Over Time

The chapter provides an overview of private debt and private debt markets. It explains the array of different specific types of private debt investments that are observed in practice, and the role equity incentives play in private debt deals. The chapter examines evidence from different countries around the world, including developed and developing markets. The chapter also describes the motives and contexts for using private debt, including but not limited to transactions involving private placements, syndicated loans, and direct lending. Private debt is not restricted to private companies but includes public ones as well. Further, the chapter characterizes private debt investors and their evolution over time. Additionally, it reviews evidence on the returns that private debt investors enjoy. The chapter concludes by identifying gaps in existing knowledge of private debt and offering suggestions for future research.

E-Government and Related Indices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1810-1824
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Boyer-Wright ◽  
Jeffrey E. Kottemann
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

The primary United Nations E-Government Index is a composite of three component indices: telecommunications infrastructure, human capital, and online e-government services, where the first two can be seen as enablers of the third. This study investigates the addition of a complementary component index for institutional efficacy, which is hypothesized to be another enabling factor. The institutional efficacy index is operationalized using existing measures gathered and made available by the World Bank. Statistical analysis shows that the institutional efficacy index is indeed a significant, additional predictor of online e-government services across nations. Following the presentation of basic results, qualitative analyses are undertaken to develop an assortment of generic national profiles. Preliminary analyses of changes over time are also presented using data from prior years, and directions for future research are outlined.

scholarly journals Creation of a participatory database of bioenergy projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Benoit Delcroix ◽  
Diana Clarisse Montaño Navarro ◽  
Simon Barnabé ◽  
Patrice Mangin
Keyword(s):  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Database ◽  
Over Time

Bioenergy is part of the solution to decarbonize energy systems and the economy, and to decrease greenhouse gases emissions drastically. The main goal of this work is to present a participatory database of bioenergy projects, initially based on information available on the International Energy Agency website. This new database aims at being updated over time through data crowdsourcing and being easily exportable in a spreadsheet for further processing. It provides numerous information about bioenergy projects around the world like the types of technology, inputs, outputs, financial information and project status. A detailed overview of the current database is presented, as well as the modus operandi suggested to improve over time this resource through voluntary contributions. The growing quality of this database will serve future research projects and analysis, while being a relevant tool to contribute to the success of the bioenergy sector.

Examining Public Opinion About LGBTQ-Related Issues in the United States and Across Multiple Nations

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Adamczyk ◽  
Yen-Chiao Liao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Public Opinion Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Partial Relation

Over the last three decades, many countries across the world, including the United States, have experienced major increases in support for LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) individuals and related issues. In partial relation to these changes, multiple studies have examined the factors shaping public opinion. In this review, we focus on four major areas of research on public opinion in this field of study. First, we assess the terms that scholars typically use when examining attitudes and highlight the areas of public opinion research that have received the most attention. Second, we focus on the data and measurement challenges related to examining attitudes in the United States and across many nations. Third, we consider how and why attitudes and related laws have changed over time and across nations. Finally, we discuss the major micro and macro empirical forces that influence and the theoretical explanations for why there are such differences in attitudes. We end by offering several suggestions for future research.

Cash on Delivery (COD) as an Alternative Payment Method for E-Commerce Transactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanad Halaweh
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Payment Method ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Debit Cards

Since the emergence of the World Wide Web, various payment methods for e-commerce transactions have evolved rapidly over time, including credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-cash, e-checks, and e-wallets. In recent years, however, the use of cash-on-delivery (COD) has increased. This differs from all other methods of payment in terms of processing, time and place of payment, and parties involved, as well as security and privacy assurance. The aim of this article was to compare COD to other e-payment methods and to consider the implications of COD for both customers and e-vendors. The article also discusses implications for e-commerce practice and highlights areas for future research.

Multicultural Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-180
Author(s):  
Cyd Nzyoka Yongo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
World Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

Over the last five decades, multicultural education (MCE) has evolved from a national to a global phenomenon. Discussions within this chapter aim at showcasing how utilization of MCE curriculum and strategies by relevant parties such as academicians have improved socio-cultural issues, perspectives, and trends in diversity and social justice in higher education. Moreover, MCE over time has been curated to support and transform diverse populations, whose lives for varying reasons found themselves either displaced, disenfranchised, discriminated, or dehumanized. The chapter explores the various literary perspectives to get an in-depth understanding of MCE fundamentals while acknowledging that even with its benefits, critics exist, leading to discussions on the challenges and problems of MCE as well as providing solutions and recommendations. Insights on MCE trends and future research are presented with the overall conclusion that MCE is designed to transform students of all backgrounds to be equal players in the world market.

scholarly journals Learning future terrorist targets through temporal meta-graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Maria Campedelli ◽  
Mihovil Bartulovic ◽  
Kathleen M. Carley
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Forecasting Performance ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
The World ◽  
Temporal Sequences ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn the last 20 years, terrorism has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and massive economic, political, and humanitarian crises in several regions of the world. Using real-world data on attacks occurred in Afghanistan and Iraq from 2001 to 2018, we propose the use of temporal meta-graphs and deep learning to forecast future terrorist targets. Focusing on three event dimensions, i.e., employed weapons, deployed tactics and chosen targets, meta-graphs map the connections among temporally close attacks, capturing their operational similarities and dependencies. From these temporal meta-graphs, we derive 2-day-based time series that measure the centrality of each feature within each dimension over time. Formulating the problem in the context of the strategic behavior of terrorist actors, these multivariate temporal sequences are then utilized to learn what target types are at the highest risk of being chosen. The paper makes two contributions. First, it demonstrates that engineering the feature space via temporal meta-graphs produces richer knowledge than shallow time-series that only rely on frequency of feature occurrences. Second, the performed experiments reveal that bi-directional LSTM networks achieve superior forecasting performance compared to other algorithms, calling for future research aiming at fully discovering the potential of artificial intelligence to counter terrorist violence.

Globalization and interconfessional communications

2001 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

Profil Pasien Katarak Senilis Pada Usia 40 Tahun Keatas di RSI Siti Rahmah Tahun 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Rada Puspita ◽  
Haves Ashan ◽  
Fidiariani Sjaaf
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cataract Patients

Vision impairment is estimated to affect 285 million people in the world, where 16-20% experience blindness, from the number of blindness suffered at the age of 40-50 years. Cataract seninis is all lens opacities that are found in old age that is above 40 years. The purpose of identifying and collecting frequency data Profile of Senilis cataract patients at the age of 40 years and above at RSI Siti Rahmah Padang in 2017. The research method is descriptive type of research, this study data taken is secondary data, In this study data was taken from the Medical Record at RSI Siti Rahmah Padang. When the study was conducted in February-August 2018, the population of this study were all cataract patients at the age of 40 years and above at RSI Siti Rahmah Padang in 2017 with 80 samples. Data analysis is univariate presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. Results From 80 respondents as many as 40 people (50%) were in the age range of 60-69 years, as many as 42 people (52.5%) patients were male, as many as 31 people (38.8%) patients with high school education and 35 people (43.8%) patients work as private companies. Conclusion In general, most patients are at the age of 60-69 years, the most sex is men, the highest education is high school and most patients are private.

The Values and Norms of Islam

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ahmed Akgunduz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Value System ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Islamic Legal Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIslamic Law is one of the broadest and most comprehensive systems of legislation in the world. It was applied, through various schools of thought, from one end of the Muslim world to the other. It also had a great impact on other nations and cultures. We will focus in this article on values and norms in Islamic law. The value system of Islam is immutable and does not tolerate change over time for the simple fact that human nature does not change. The basic values and needs (which can be called maṣlaḥa) are classified hierarchically into three levels: (1) necessities (Ḍarūriyyāt), (2) convenience (Ḥājiyyāt), and (3) refinements (Kamāliyyāt=Taḥsīniyyāt). In Islamic legal theory (Uṣūl al‐fiqh) the general aim of legislation is to realize values through protecting and guaranteeing their necessities (al-Ḍarūriyyāt) as well as stressing their importance (al‐ Ḥājiyyāt) and their refinements (taḥsīniyyāt).In the second part of this article we will draw attention to Islamic norms. Islam has paid great attention to norms that protect basic values. We cannot explain all the Islamic norms that relate to basic values, but we will classify them categorically. We will focus on four kinds of norms: 1) norms (rules) concerned with belief (I’tiqādiyyāt), 2) norms (rules) concerned with law (ʿAmaliyyāt); 3) general legal norms (Qawā‘id al‐ Kulliyya al‐Fiqhiyya); 4) norms (rules) concerned with ethics (Wijdāniyyāt = Aḵlāqiyyāt = Ādāb = social and moral norms).

Use of Phosphatidylcholine in the Treatment of Localized Fat Deposits. Results and expectations

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Berbece ◽  
Dan Iliescu ◽  
Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽  
Alexandru Nicolau ◽  
Radu Cristian Jecan
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Over Time

Obesity represents a global health problem. According to the latest studies released by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 1.7 billion currently in excess of normal weight individuals, of which approx. 75% are overweight (body mass index - BMI 25 to 30). The common form of excess adipose tissue manifestation in overweight individuals is localized fat deposits with high (abdominal) or low (buttocks and thighs) disposition. Although the overweight can be corrected relatively easy by changing behavioral habits or food, a constant physical exercises program or following a diet food are not accessible to all through the efforts of will, financial and time involved. Several methods have been studied and tested over time to eliminate more or less invasive fat deposits with varying efficacy and adverse effects. Chemical lipolysis using phosphatidylcholine as the basic substance was initially used in hypercholesterolemia and its complications and was rapidly adopted in mesotherapy techniques for the treatment of fat deposits. This study reveals the results obtained using Dermastabilon on a sample of 16 patients, the time allocated to treatment and discomfort being minimal, and rapid and notable results. There were no side effects.

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