Coda

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-184
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Inquiry

This chapter highlights this collection’s key contributions to social inquiry. It argues for a reimagining of rapport as: emergent; co-constructed; ever-changing from one conversational turn to the next; mediated; linked to communicative events in other times and places; and not to be conflated with positive social relations, such as friendship or fellowship. Thus, rapport can no longer be seen as something that magically emerges at a certain stage of research, nor can it be seen as primarily a result of the embodied practices of the researcher. Consultants actively contribute to the situated formation of moments of rapport, and understanding of all of this requires careful reflexive work that contextualizes the connections between researchers’ interactions with consultants and other communicative events. The methodological implications of this theoretical and meta-methodological reimagining of rapport are many. These include a need to pay more attention to meta-pragmatic commentaries that evaluate embodied behaviors as part of broader methodologies for closely examining situated encounters. While such methodologies are well known to sociolinguists, lesser known to both sociolinguists and social scientists are the ways that fixedness creeps into our analysis and representations of social relations. By reimagining rapport, we can overcome these limitations, while moving toward more sophisticated ways of understanding, interpreting, and representing context.

2. An Assessment of Alternative Measures of Time Use

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thomas Juster ◽  
Hiromi Ono ◽  
Frank P. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Market Work ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Alternative Measures

Although time use has received much attention by social scientists as an index of resource allocation and social relations across groups, only a few studies have carefully assessed the relative strengths and weaknesses of the existing methods of measuring time use: time diary (TD), stylized (S) respondent report, and experiential sampling method (ESM). We note the varying degree of biases that arise in part from the extent of detail in the information collected by the three methods. Using findings from our analysis of the structure of these methods, we hypothesize that there are empirical exceptions to previously reported common findings that TD provides less biased information on time use than does S—namely (a) when labor market workers report their time spent on labor market work, and (b) when the historical trend in time, rather than the absolute level, is studied. Empirical results confirm our prediction and show that, among individuals who work regularly, TD and S estimates of labor market work hours reported by the same persons correspond closely to one another. In addition, when assessing historical trends, TD and S values correspond closely to one another, although TDs yield some inexplicable deviations from the trend even when the sample and the codes are carefully standardized. We also provide notes on a strategy of standardization for diary codes that are distinct across historical or national contexts.

Smithing Queer Empiricism: Engaging Ethnomethodology for a Queer Social Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 073527512110263
Author(s):  
S. L. Crawley ◽  
MC Whitlock ◽  
Jennifer Earles
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Queer Studies ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Black Queer Studies ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
Black Queer ◽  
Modernist Discourse

Is queer social science possible? Early queer theorists disparaged empiricism as a normalizing, modernist discourse. Nonetheless, LGBTQI+ social scientists have applied queer concepts in empirical projects. Rather than seek a queer method, we ask, Is there an empirical perspective that (ontologically) envisions social relations more queerly—attending to discursive and materialist productions of reality? Dorothy Smith’s work foregrounds people’s activities of engaging texts and satisfies Black queer studies’ and new materialisms’ critiques of early queer theory. Underutilized and often misread, especially its ethnomethodological sensibilities and its vision of actors as relational, practical actors, her work shows how my race is not mine, it is ours; your sexual orientation is not yours, it is ours; their gender is not theirs, it is ours. Smith offers an ontology without essence, grand theory, or normativity, facilitating a range of queer, interpretive projects—from the intersectional to the transnational to the embodied.

Two Methodological Worlds Apart? Praises and Critiques from a European Comparativist

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Rihoux
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Inquiry ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
As If

Social scientists who strive to reflect on their research “while they're doing it” (Becker 1998) live in very fortunate times. On the one hand, it seems as if an increasing number of scholars want to do a little more than simply apply ready-made recipes. On the other hand, a few key volumes have recently been published that move beyond ready-made recipes. In my personal top three, I would most probably place Mahoney and Rueschemeyer (2003), George and Bennett (2005), and—last but not least—the volume discussed in this symposium. What distinguishes Rethinking Social Inquiry (RSI) from the two other volumes, in my view, is that it has a broader agenda and hence a broader ambition.

Social Structure and Technology Transfer

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Johnson ◽  
James Murray
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Potential Adopter

Issues surrounding technology transfer and the diffusion of innovations have been a major focus of social scientists. The rush to explore this area, however, has yielded a bewildering array of hypotheses and subsequent findings, as is evident from Everett Rogers's work (Communication of Innovations [New York, Free Press, 1983]). Most of the earlier work employed survey techniques in which the dependent variable, adoption, was related to a number of independent variables, usually characteristics of the adopter (e.g., income, education, cosmopoliteness, in one or several regression models. This approach viewed adoption as a function of the atomistic characteristics of the potential adopter. As such, early investigators often lost sight of the importance of the structure of social relations and their role in the adoption of innovations.

KARL POLANYI AT THE MARGINS OF ENGLISH SOCIALISM, 1934–1947

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-346
Author(s):  
TIM ROGAN
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Person ◽  
The Self ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
History Of

Growing interest among historians and social scientists in the work of Karl Polanyi has yet to produce detailed historical studies of how Polanyi's work was received by his contemporaries. This article reconstructs the frustration of Polanyi's attempts to make a name for himself among English socialists between his arrival from Vienna in 1934 and his departure for New York in 1947. The most obvious explanation for Polanyi's failure to find a following was the socialist historians’ rejection of his unorthodox narrative of the rise of capitalism and the Industrial Revolution inThe Great Transformation(1944). But this disappointment was anticipated in earlier exchanges revealing that Polanyi's social theory, specifically his conception of the self and its social relations, differed markedly from the views prevailing among socialists of R. H. Tawney and G. D. H. Cole's generation. As well as casting new light on the intellectual history of English socialism and variegating our understanding of the contexts in which conceptions of the human person were invoked in the interwar period, this article seeks to illuminate by example the importance of deep-seated, often tacit, commitments to particular conceptions of the self and its social relations in structuring mid-century intellectual life.

Chinese NGOs at the interface between governmentality and local society: An actor-oriented perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 0920203X2094209
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
David A. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Chinese Ngos

The relations between society and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been relatively neglected in the field of China NGO studies, which remains largely wedded to a state–NGO problematic within a state–society framework. In this anthropological study of an NGO’s post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery programme, we adopt an actor-oriented approach to identify the main lines of tension between the strategies, rationalities, and techniques deployed by the different actors in the field. Focusing on NGO–society relations, we take the NGO not as an incarnation of society vis-a-vis the state, nor as an incarnation of the state vis-a-vis society, but as a key link in a shifting chain of state and non-state actors that aims to introduce to local society an assemblage of techniques, discourses, and values for the promotion of self-government. This ‘international development package’ is a specific form of what social scientists have theorized as ‘governmentality’. In this case study, the modalities of participation and cooperative self-government promoted within this development package are in tension with local values, social relations, and political structures. The case shows that dynamic tensions between the actors are mediated by the deployment of practices of governance that circulate between international institutions and networks, state agencies, NGOs, and local authorities and actors.

The production of space at Nineveh

Iraq ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lumsden
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Objectively Measured

Space, or spatiality, has generally been relegated to the background by historians and social scientists (Soja 1989). The Cartesian worldview demands a separation between thinking and the material world, between mind and matter. In this view space is seen simply as something that can be objectively measured, an absolute, a passive container (Merrifield 1993: 518).An alternative view, propounded mainly by postmodern geographers, regards space as a “medium rather than a container for action”, something that is involved in action and cannot be divided from it (Tilley 1994: 10). Space is not an empty, passive container, but an active process that is both constituted and constitutive (Merrifield 1993: 521). So, in this view the social, historical, and the spatial are interwoven dimensions of life (Soja 1999: 263–4). History and society are not understood if space is omitted; there is, in fact, no unspatialised social reality (Soja 1989: 131–7; 1996: 46, 70–6).The philosopher Henri Lefebvre's concept of the social production of space plays an important part in this latter view of the active role of space in social processes. Lefebvre criticises the notion that space is transparent, neutral and passive, and formulates in its place an active, operational and instrumental notion of space (Lefebvre 1991: 11). He argues that it is the spatial production process that should be the object of interest rather than “things” in space, and that space is both a medium of social relations and a material product that can affect social relations (Lefebvre 1991: 36–7; Gottdiener 1993).

Social Risk and the Meaning of Sport

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Sport Sociology ◽  
Sociological Tradition

The topic of risk is most often discussed in the literature on environmental, health, and technical hazards. More recently, however, it has become a topic of concern to social scientists who apply risk analysis to social relations and social structure. The concept of risk can be used in analyses of sport as a factor in analytical models and as a component of applied sport sociology. This essay considers definitions of risk, the sociological tradition in risk analysis, and the application of risk to sport studies.

scholarly journals Guy Debord'un "Gösteri Toplumu" Adlı Çalışması Bağlamında Mekân ve Modanın Tüketim Unsuru Olarak İncelenmesi / The Examination of Space and Fashion as a Component of Consumption in the Context of "Society of Spectacles" of Guy Debord

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevde Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Financial Issue ◽  
The Will ◽  
Set Up

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Since the occurance of the concept of consumption, it has been discussed by a number of theorists. In these works, the concept of consumption has been analyzed in many different ways. Even though the consumption concept is a very financial issue, the social scientists have done some studies about consumption. In this work, I will examine the consumption perception of Guy Debord who is an influential figure for several future studies and who is a preminent actor among other consumption theorists. Debord states that the consumption is imposed to individuals via virtual reality and it is presented to the daily lives of individuals in a very pragmatic way. Debord calls the communities in which people give priority to consumption upon arranging the social relations as ‘society of spectacles’.</p><p>Debord relates the concept of spectacle to the consumption. He suggests that spectacle manipulates the daily life and increases the will to consume and passivates individuals. The concept of spectacle has grown with the emergence of the leisure time and has been directed to daily pratic after the places were related to consumption. In this work, the relation between spectacle and consumption that Debord set up is examined. In the work, it is deduced that in order to accelerate the consumption, spectacle utilizes some areas such as mass media, place and fashion.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Tüketim kavramı ilk ortaya çıktığı andan beri birçok kuramcı tarafından tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar tüketim kavramını çok farklı yönleriyle ele almıştır. Tüketim kavramı iktisadi bir konu olsa da sosyal bilimciler de tüketim ile ilgili çalışmalar yapmıştır. Bu çalışmada tüketim kuramcıları arasında önemli bir yer tutan ve fikirleri gelecek araştırmalar için esin kaynağı olan Guy Debord’un tüketim anlayışı incelenecektir. Debord, tüketimin sanal bir gerçeklik yoluyla bireylere dayatıldığını ve bu dayatmaların son derece pratik yollarla bireylerin gündelik hayatlarına sunulduğunu ifade etmektedir. Debord bireylerin pasifleştiği ve tüketimin toplumsal ilişkileri düzenlemede temel etken olduğu toplumlara “gösteri toplumu” adını vermiştir.</p><p>Debord gösteri kavramı ile tüketim arasında ilişki kurmuştur. Gösterinin gündelik hayatı manipüle ettiğini, tüketim arzusunu arttırdığını ve bireyleri pasifleştirdiğini belirtmiştir. Gösteri kavramı boş zamanın ortaya çıkması ile filizlenmiş, mekânların tüketime eklemlenmesi ile gündelik pratiğe aktarılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Debord’un gösteri ile tüketim arasında kurduğu ilişki incelenmiştir. Gösterinin tüketimi hızlandırmak için kitle iletişim araçları, mekân ve moda gibi alanlara başvurduğu tespit edilmiştir.</p>

The decline of patron-client relations in developed societies

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Third World ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Third ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Client Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scholarly Attention

An enormous amount of scholarly attention has been devoted to the phenomenon of patron-client relations both in the form of conceptual elaboration and to the application of the patronage model to a wide variety of empirical situations. However despite the prodigious amount written on the relationship its analytical status remains equivocal: no one, for example, has been able to say with any degree of precision what patron-clientage is, and especially where patron-clientage ends and the reciprocity which pervades all social relations begins. But a certain lack of clarity has not deterred social scientists from resorting to the patron-client model and few studies of social and political change in the Third World manage to get by entirely without it.

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