Depressive Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-88
Author(s):  
Kirstin Painter ◽  
Maria Scannapieco
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Health Complications

Chapter 5 provides an overview of the causes and prevalence of depression in children and adolescents, followed by a discussion of brain research and genetic susceptibility of depressive disorders. A description of the signs and symptoms and the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and issues specific to children and adolescents is presented. Suicide rates in young people in the United States continue to rise. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youth aged 10–14 and the second leading cause of death among those 15–24 years old. An overview of risk and protective factors for suicide, warning signs, and information on intervening with suicidal youth is presented. Eating disorders are addressed in this chapter due to the high co-occurrence of eating disorders with depression, suicide, and the serious health complications that accompany them. The chapter ends with real-life case studies followed by questions for consideration or class discussion.

scholarly journals PERCEPTIONS OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REPERCUSSIONS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marimeire Morais da Conceição ◽  
Breno de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Edsângela Thalita Passos Barreto ◽  
Carmen Lúcia Pereira Dias Nery ◽  
Jacilene Santiago do Nascimento Trindade dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Health Team ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Institutional Review

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perceptions of a multidisciplinary health team in caring for hospitalized children and adolescents with psychological repercussions of sexual violence, in the light of Symbolic Interactionism Theory. Method: this is a qualitative study, carried out with 30 professionals from the multidisciplinary health team working in a general public hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The interviews took place between June and July 2019, using a semi-structured questionnaire and, after being recorded, the reports were transcribed. In analysis, the data were categorized by similar themes following the steps: pre-analysis, material exploration, treatment of results and interpretation. The project was approved by an Institutional Review Board. Results: among the psychological disorders presented by children and adolescents are aggressiveness, mutism, eating disorders, infantilized behavior, hypersexualized behaviors, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic episodes, and delusions. Conclusion: the study demonstrates the perceptions resulting from the interaction allowed in caring for the multidisciplinary team to children and adolescents who experienced sexual violence and developed psychological disorders. In this way, it raises warning signs for family members, health professionals, education, protective devices and the whole of society about the need to observe signs of these changes on a daily basis, seeking to investigate their possible relationship with sexual assault.

scholarly journals “No one did a thing about it:” Adults’ beliefs about the effects of poor eating disorder education in U.S. public schooling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maegan E. Jones ◽  
Elizabeth H. Blodgett Salafia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Qualitative Focus Groups ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
Educational Careers

Introduction. Educational policies in the United States addressing eating disorders are lacking, despite noted increases in risk factors such as body dissatisfaction that occur throughout students' education. Similarly, there seems to be no available scientific information on the potential effects of this lack of education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the type, amount, and frequency of information regarding eating disorders that college students recalled receiving throughout their educational careers. Methods. The sample consisted of 43 participants, mostly female, from a tri-college area in the Midwestern U.S. Ten qualitative focus groups were conducted in order to assess a wide range of eating disorder topics, including education about eating disorders. The four education-related codes generated using thematic analysis by the researchers were: When participants learned about eating disorders, when they wish they learned, what they learned, and what they wish they learned. Results. The majority of participants indicated only receiving occasional information in a health class if at all, and this often did not occur until mid-to-late adolescence, which is problematic as the risk factors for eating disorders would have begun years earlier. Most information centered on simplistic definitions of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Participants said that education should be more in depth than simple definitions, and noted that this information should begin early in elementary school (ages 6-10). Participants also stated that they wished they had known more of the warning signs and how to seek help, as well as how to approach and help someone else. Conclusions. This study shows how the U.S. education system may fail to inform youths about the risks for and consequences of eating disorders, potentially leaving them vulnerable to developing unhealthy habits. The data provide suggestions for future educational efforts, namely that information should start in schools in early childhood, as information later in their educational careers may be too late. Keywords: Education, eating disorders, prevention, public policy

UP-A Group and UP-C Individual Therapy Variations, Other Adaptations

2017 ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Jill Ehrenreich-May ◽  
Sarah M. Kennedy ◽  
Jamie A. Sherman ◽  
Emily L. Bilek ◽  
Brian A. Buzzella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Behavioral Choices ◽  
Somatic Symptom Disorders

Chapter 23 highlights the flexibility and adaptability of this transdiagnostic, unified approach to treating emotional disorders in children and adolescents. These treatments target a common set of underlying features of emotional disorders (e.g., high levels of intense emotions, distress reactions to intense emotions, unhelpful behavioral choices when experiencing intense emotions). Thus, the skills detailed in these treatments are applicable to disorders or problem area sharing these core features. These include anxiety and depressive disorders and obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum disorders, tic disorders, stress-related disorders, somatic symptom disorders, and potentially even some eating disorders. This chapter reviews some of the most common modifications that may be needed for using the UP-C and UP-A under different conditions and with different types of symptom presentations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-morbidities in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Bougeard ◽  
Françoise Picarel-Blanchot ◽  
Ramona Schmid ◽  
Rosanne Campbell ◽  
Jan Buitelaar
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clear Understanding

Objective: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder often present somatic and/or psychiatric co-morbid disorders. The DSM-5 allows for consideration of additional diagnoses besides ASD and may have impacted the prevalence of co-morbidities as well as being limited in capturing the true differences in prevalence observed between males and females. We describe the prevalence of ASD and frequently observed co-morbidities in children and adolescents (<18 years) in the United States and five European countries.Methods: Two systematic literature reviews were conducted in PubMed and Embase for the period 2014–2019 and focusing on the prevalence of ASD and nine co-morbidities of interest based on their frequency and/or severity: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depressive disorders, epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID), sleep disorders, sight/hearing impairment/loss, and gastro-intestinal syndromes (GI).Results: Thirteen studies on prevalence of ASD and 33 on prevalence of co-morbidities were included. Prevalence of ASD was 1.70 and 1.85% in US children aged 4 and 8 years respectively, while prevalence in Europe ranged between 0.38 and 1.55%. Additionally, current evidence is supportive of a global increase in ASD prevalence over the past years. Substantial heterogeneity in prevalence of co-morbidities was observed: ADHD (0.00–86.00%), anxiety (0.00–82.20%), depressive disorders (0.00–74.80%), epilepsy (2.80–77.50%), ID (0.00–91.70%), sleep disorders (2.08–72.50%), sight/hearing impairment/loss (0.00–14.90%/0.00–4.90%), and GI syndromes (0.00–67.80%). Studies were heterogeneous in terms of design and method to estimate prevalence. Gender appears to represent a risk factor for co-morbid ADHD (higher in males) and epilepsy/seizure (higher in females) while age is also associated with ADHD and anxiety (increasing until adolescence).Conclusion: Our results provide a descriptive review of the prevalence of ASD and its co-morbidities in children and adolescents. These insights can be valuable for clinicians and parents/guardians of autistic children. Prevalence of ASD has increased over time while co-morbidities bring additional heterogeneity to the clinical presentation, which further advocates for personalized approaches to treatment and support. Having a clear understanding of the prevalence of ASD and its co-morbidities is important to raise awareness among stakeholders.

Practical Approaches to Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Kotzmann
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach

This chapter explores the real-life operation of six higher education systems that align with the theoretical models identified in Chapter 2. Three states follow a largely market-based approach: Chile, England, and the United States. Three states follow a largely human rights-based approach: Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. The chapter describes each system in terms of how it aligns with the particular model before evaluating the system in relation to the signs and measures of successful higher education systems identified in Chapter 3. This chapter provides conclusions as to the relative likelihood of each approach facilitating the achievement of higher education teaching and learning purposes.

scholarly journals Semantic adaptation of the Global Psychotrauma Screen for children and adolescents in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1911080
Author(s):  
Emma Grace ◽  
Shanelle Sotilleo ◽  
Rosalind Rogers ◽  
Renee Doe ◽  
Miranda Olff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Semantic Adaptation

Commercial Fishing as an Occupational Determinant of Opioid Overdoses and Deaths of Despair in Two Massachusetts Fishing Ports, 2000–2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 104829112110234
Author(s):  
Scott Fulmer ◽  
Shruti Jain ◽  
David Kriebel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Death Certificate Data ◽  
Deaths Of Despair

The opioid epidemic has had disproportionate effects across various sectors of the population, differentially impacting various occupations. Commercial fishing has among the highest rates of occupational fatalities in the United States. This study used death certificate data from two Massachusetts fishing ports to calculate proportionate mortality ratios of fatal opioid overdose as a cause of death in commercial fishing. Statistically significant proportionate mortality ratios revealed that commercial fishermen were greater than four times more likely to die from opioid poisoning than nonfishermen living in the same fishing ports. These important quantitative findings suggest opioid overdoses, and deaths to diseases of despair in general, deserve further study in prevention, particularly among those employed in commercial fishing.

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