Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dilip Hiro
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Main Text ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ritual Law

The Introduction outlines the four-pillar foundation on which the main text of the volume rests. These are Sunni-Shia differences in doctrine, ritual, law, and religious organization; the singular role of Sunni Islam’s Wahhabi doctrine in the rise of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, occupying four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula, starting with the small First Saudi State (1744-1818), followed by the Second Saudi State (1824-1891); the salience of Saudi Arabia as the birthplace of Islam and the site of the Kaaba, the centerpiece of the Hajj pilgrimage; and the social, economic and demographic differences between Iran and Saudi Arabia; and their reasons for claiming exceptionalism. Overall, the Introduction serves the function of a framing chapter.

scholarly journals Three species of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato infect camels on the Arabian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad A. Al-Hizab ◽  
Nouh S. Mohamed ◽  
Marion Wassermann ◽  
Mahmoud A. Hamouda ◽  
Abdelazim M. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

AbstractWe report on the genetic identity of 36 Echinococcus cysts that were collected during a recent slaughterhouse survey of 810 locally bred camels (dromedaries) in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Analysis of a partial nad1 gene sequence showed that the majority (n = 29) belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto, four to E. canadensis G6/7, and three to E. ortleppi. Eight of the 29 E. granulosus s.s. cysts contained protoscoleces; all other cysts were calcified and non-viable. This is the first report of the presence E. ortleppi from the Arabian Peninsula, a parasite that is typically transmitted via cattle. The results indicate widespread infection of camels with CE in eastern Saudi Arabia and an active role of camels in the lifecycles of at least E. granulosus s.s.. Complete cox1 haplotype analysis of 21 E. granulosus s.s. isolates shows that the majority of variants circulating in eastern Saudi Arabia is distinct from but closely related to haplotypes from neighboring countries in the Middle East, which indicates the presence of this parasite in KSA for a longer period of time. All isolates of E. granulosus s.s. in this study belonged to the G1 cluster, although the G3 genotype has previously also been reported from the Middle East.

The role of human rights organizations in empowering Iraqi women

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 514-543
Author(s):  
HIBA KAREEM ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Political Dimensions

The issue of empowering women has been and still is the preoccupation of various humanitarian organizations, especially human rights organizations. Regarding the issue of human rights in Iraq, it is extremely difficult, because of the exceptional circumstances ordered by Iraq, which made it an arena for human rights violations. Vulnerable groups, they are more affected by the surrounding circumstances, such as violence, displacement, terrorism, displacement, widowhood, and others ... especially with regard to measures to empower women, because what women suffer in our society is a heap of discriminatory traditional culture against them and their lack of awareness of themselves and Their legitimate rights, in addition to weak government policies, and the lack of resources and opportunities, and herein lies the problem. The importance of the research stems from the importance of the role of women in society and the social, economic, health and political dimensions that this role represents, and the extent of its impact on the development process in Iraq. As for its objectives, it is to stand on the role of human rights organizations in empowering women in all social, economic, political and health fields, from which we have deduced most of them marginalization and discrimination on the basis of gender, and then we proposed some enabling measures, hoping through them to integrate women in all levels of development . Key words : role, organizations, human rights, empowerment, women .

The Role of Organizational Development in Achieving the Competitive Advantage of University of Hail as one of the requirements of The vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Nada Zwayyid Almutairi ◽  
Eman Salah Ibrahim Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Learning Retention ◽  
Lr Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Academic Year

This study explores interactive e-book cues and Information Processing Levels (IPL)’s effectiveness on Learning Retention (LR) and External Cognitive Load (ECL). 117 middle school pupils (MSP) were divided into six experimental groups based on their IPL and cues during the second term of the academic year 2019–2020. Visual Cues (VC)/Audiovisual Cues (VAC) and Auditory Cues (AC)/Audiovisual Cues (VAC) statistically varied in the Ie-book in LR test and ECL scale, same for the average scores when testing the LR in Science for MSP due to the difference between IPL for the DL. There is a statistically significant effect of cue types' interaction in Ie-book with IPL in ECL scale for MSP, at its highest peak in the case of the AVC with DL, followed by the interaction resulting from the VC with DL then AC with SL. Also, cues interaction in Ie-book with IPL immensely affect the LR test for MEP, which is at its highest peak in the case of the AVC with DL. The interactions between (DL–SL) and (AC–VC) seem to equally influence the ELC.

The Moderation Role of Being Valued by Teachers Over the Association Between School Children Motivation and Need for Competition

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110441
Author(s):  
Cristina Maria Bostan ◽  
Tudor Stanciu ◽  
Răzvan-Lucian Andronic
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Concordant with classical theoretical guidelines (i.e., social facilitation, social constructivism theory, and the Pygmalion effect) we tested the need for competition and perception of being valued by teachers to be better motivated for learning in school. We extend knowledge by testing these associations mediated by the social economic status given by the well-being of the family (i.e., controlling for gender and socio-economic status). A total of 214 Romanian students (45.3% boys) with ages between 13 and 17 years were administered the PEER questionnaire (i.e., perception of being valued by teachers, school-children motivation, and the need for competition). Results show a positive relation between the need for competition and motivation for learning. We also found positive relations between the perception of being valued by the teacher and motivation for learning and the need for competition. We conclude that motivation is higher when the need for competition is higher and the perception of being valued by teachers is higher.

Faunistic inventory and zoogeographical analysis of the ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Garf Raydah Nature Reserve, Southwestern of Saudi Arabia, and description of a new species of Paussinae

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHMOUD S. ABDEL-DAYEM ◽  
IFTEKHAR RASOOL ◽  
ALI A. ELGHARBAWY ◽  
PETER NAGEL ◽  
HATHAL M. ALDHAFER
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
New Records ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
A New Species

Study of ground beetles of the Garf Raydah Nature Reserve, located in the Asir Mountains of southwestern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) resulted in one species, Paussus abditus Nagel, sp. n. described as new to science. Thirteen species (21.3%) are reported as new country records and fifteen species (24.6%) are new records for Asir Province. Adult beetles were collected from 2013 to 2017. The determination of this material yielded a total of 61 species in 40 genera and 17 tribes belonging to nine subfamilies of Carabidae. The species richness represented approximately 36.1% of carabid species previously reported from KSA. The most species rich tribes were the Lebiini (20 species), the Harpalini (10 species), and the Bembidiini (6 species). The life form analysis of adults indicated 18 life form types that are grouped into three categories, Zoophagous (77.1%), Mixophytophagous (18.0%), and Myrmecophilous (4.9%). Zoogeographical analyses indicated that the Afrotropical (19.3%) and the Saharo-Arabian (19.3%) species dominate the carabid fauna of this region of KSA. Coryza cf. maculata (Nietner, 1856) is considered the only Oriental representative. Only one cosmopolitan species, Perigona nigriceps (Dejean, 1831), was collected. Eleven endemics were identified; six species are considered KSA endemics and five are Arabian Peninsula endemics. 

scholarly journals Family’s Role in Achieving Language Affiliation among Children: A Comparative Study Applied to Some Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Aljohara Fahad Al Saud
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Identifying language affiliation among children for family immigrants is crucial for one’s language identity. This study aimed to determine the role played by Arab families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Austria, and Britain to attain language affiliation among their children. It also aims to identify the challenges facing families living in these countries in achieving language affiliation among their children. The study population consisted of all the families that live in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to all the Arab families that live in Austria and Britain and the study sample included (120) parents. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study reached several results; first, the role played by families in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Austria, and United Kingdom to attain language affiliation among their children got a high degree of response. Second, the challenges facing activating the family’s role in attaining language affiliation of their children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Austria have got a high degree of response, while in Britain, they obtained a very high degree of response. The study recommended involving all family members in accessing different and creative ways of practicing their native language and activating the role of social media in developing the language affiliation of children.

scholarly journals Revisiting Health in Colonial Bengal: A Literary Overview (1880 -1930)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
Tinni Goswami Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vernacular Literature ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Tensions ◽  
The One ◽  
Active Link

The essential theme of this paper is to highlight the condition of health and hygiene in the British Bengal from the perspective of official documents and vernacular writings, with special emphasis on the journals and periodicals. The fatal effects of the epidemics like malaria and cholera, the insanitary condition of the rural Bengal and the cultivated indifference of the British Raj made the lives of the poor natives miserable and ailing. The authorities had a tendency to blame the colonized for their illiteracy and callousness, which became instrumental for the outbreak of the epidemics. On the other, in the late 19 th and the beginning of the 20th, the vernacular literature played the role of a catalyst in awakening health awareness, highlighting the issues related with ill health, insanitation and malnourishment. More importantly, it became an active link between the society and culture on the one hand, and health and people on the other. The present researcher wants to highlight these opposite trajectories of mentalities with a different connotation. The ideologies of the Raj and the native political aspirations often reflected in the colonial writings, where the year 1880 was considered as a landmark in the field of public health policies. On the other, the dichotomy between the masters and the colonized took a prominent shape during 1930s. Within these fifty years; the health of the natives witnessed many upheavals grounded on the social, economic and cultural tensions.

scholarly journals Handling the weakness of school discipline in the teacher or student in innovative methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Ahmed lahik Habiri
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Teachers And Students

The research aimed to reveal the reality of school discipline in teachers and students in Mahayel Asir province in Saudi Arabia. And the researcher followed the descriptive analytical method in his study, as he used the questionnaire and interview as a tool of the research, and it was distributed to a random sample made up of workers in the educational corps by the processing of data coordinate of (SPSS) system. The research revealed a several causes of the weakness of school punctuality such as the role of economic and social levels, and after viewing the results, the researcher recommended a number of suggestions and proposals to handle the weakness of discipline of the teacher or student with a modern innovative methods in the province of Mahayel Asir in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.  

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