Value Taxonomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Value Theory ◽  
P Value ◽  
Final Value ◽  
Extrinsic Value ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Relational Value ◽  
Key Issues

‘Value Taxonomy’ has two objectives. First, it presents a range of approaches to classifying values. In doing so, it brings to the fore key notions and distinctions that play important roles in value theory in general, but especially in this work, such as intrinsic/final value, final/non-final value, intrinsic/extrinsic value, and relational/non-relational value; derivative and non-derivative value; attributive and predicative use. In value theory, the nature of the value-making features functions as a gateway to how we should understand many of the above distinctions. The chapter considers therefore some advantages and disadvantages of this approach. Second, ‘Value Taxonomy’ introduces some of the key issues in formal and substantive value theory, respectively, for a reader who is not familiar with contemporary value theory.

Perbandingan Expanded Curb-65 Terhadap Curb-65 dan Psi Dalam Memprediksi Luaran Pasien Cap

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Suyastri Suyastri ◽  
Irvan Medison ◽  
Deddy Herman ◽  
Russilawati Russilawati
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Pneumonia Severity Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pneumonia Severity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Care Decision

<p><em>Tingkat keparahan CAP adalah poin penting pengambilan keputusan perawatan pasien. Beberapa metode telah digunakan untuk menilai tingkat keparahan pneumonia seperti Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65, SMART-COP dan Expanded CURB-65. Metode tersebut memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Expanded CURB 65 diusulkan menjadi metode yang lebih akurat untuk mengevaluasi keparahan pneumonia dan memprediksi kematian pasien CAP. Tujuan penelitian ini memprediksi keakuratan Expanded CURB  65 dibandingkan CURB 65 dan PSI. Penelitian kohort prospektif pada pasien CAP yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. M.Djamil Padang dari April sampai Oktober 2019. Tingkat keparahan CAP pada pasien dinilai menggunakan PSI, CURB 65, Expanded CURB 65, kemudian hasilnya dievaluasi berdasarkan keparahan. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik dengan CI 95% dan nilai p &lt;0,05 dianggap signifikan. Hasil penelitian pada 90 pasien sebagian besar laki-laki usia 53 tahun dengan komorbiditas terbanyak keganasan. Uji Pearson Chi aquare menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat keparahan berdasarkan CURB 65 dan luaran pengobatan (CI 95%, nilai p = 0,104). Sementara, PSI dan Expanded CURB 65 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat keparahan dan luaran (CI 95%, p=0,081 dan CI 95%, p= 0,046, masing-masing). Analisis multivariat menemukan Expanded CURB 65 lebih akurat dalam memprediksi luaran pasien CAP rawat inap (kappa =0,108 dan AUC=0,422).</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><em>Severity of CAP is very important for site care decision inpatients. Several methods have been used to assess the severity of pneumonia such as Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65, SMART-COP and Expanded CURB-65. Those methods have advantages and disadvantages. Expanded CURB 65 is proposed to be more accurate method for evaluating pneumonia severity and predicting mortality in CAP. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of Expanded CURB 65 compare to CURB 65 and PSI. Cohort prospective study was conducted for CAP patients who were hospitalized at RSUP Dr. M.Djamil Padang from April to October 2019. Patients was assesed for severity using PSI, CURB 65, Expanded CURB 65, then we evaluated it’s outcome. The data were analyzed by logistic regression with CI 95% and p value &lt;0,05 considered as statistically significant. We found 90 patients that predominantly males with an average age of 53 years, and the most common comorbidity is malignancy. There was no relationship between pneumonia severity by CURB 65 and outcome (CI 95%, p=0.104). PSI and Expanded CURB 65 had significant relationship between severity and outcome (CI 95%, p=0.081and CI 95%, p=0.046, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed the expanded CURB 65 was more accurate for predicting the outcome of CAP inpatients (kappa=0.108 and AUC= 0.422).</em></em></p>

Grundfragen der Organisation von Familienunternehmen

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Businesses ◽  
Law School ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
Family Enterprises ◽  
Societas Europaea ◽  
Key Issues

This volume documents the 8th annual conference of the Notarial Center for Family Enterprises of Bucerius Law School on October 25, 2019, which focused on key issues of the organization of family businesses: developments in (inheritance) tax law; design of articles of association for GmbH and GmbH & Co. KG; genderspecific succession clauses; family businesses in the form of Societas Europaea; advantages and disadvantages of different succession models; special challenges of corporate publicity in family businesses. With contributions by Dr. Christian Bochmann, Prof. Dr. Heribert Heckschen, Prof. Dr. Andreas Söffing, Prof. Dr. Marco Staake and Prof. Dr. Hartmut Wicke.

scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Six Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adugna Kebede ◽  
Robert Kanwagi ◽  
Asrat Dibaba Tolossa ◽  
Md Abul Kalam ◽  
Thomas Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vaccine Refusal ◽  
Behavioural Determinants

Abstract Background: While a vaccine is the only clinical preventive measure to control the infection and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), delayed acceptance or refusal of COVID-19 vaccines may increase and prolong the threat to global public health and the economy. Identifying behavioural determinants is considered a critical step in explaining and addressing the barriers of vaccine refusal, but there is a lack of evidence around COVID-19 vaccine refusal and delay from a behavioural perspective. This study aims to identify the behavioural determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and provide recommendations to design actionable interventions to increase the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in six lower-and-middle income countries. Methods: Taking into consideration the Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and other behavioural models, a Barrier Analysis (BA) approach was employed to examine twelve potential behavioural determinants of vaccine acceptance in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania. In all six countries, at least 45 interviews with those who intended to take the vaccine (“Acceptors”) and another 45 or more interviews with those who did not (“Non-Acceptors”) were conducted, totalling 542 interviews. Data analysis was performed to find statistically significant (a p-value of less than 0.05) differences between Acceptors and Non-acceptors and to identify which beliefs were most highly associated with acceptance and non-acceptance of the behaviour based on estimated relative risk (ERR). Results: The analysis showed that perceived social norms, perceived positive and negative consequences, perceived risk of getting COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, trust in COVID-19 vaccines, perceived safety of COVID-19 vaccines, and expected access to COVID-19 vaccines had the highest association with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Bangladesh, Kenya, Tanzania, and DRC. Additional behavioural determinants found to be significant in both Myanmar and India were perceived self-efficacy, trust in COVID-19 information provided by leaders, perceived divine will, and perceived action efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. The study also identified important perceptions and beliefs around COVID-19 and its severity, advantages and disadvantages of being vaccinated, and action efficacy of the vaccine to control the spread of the virus. Conclusion: Many of the determinants found to be significant and their level of significance varied from country to country. National and local plans should include messages and activities that address the behavioural determinants found in this study in order to significantly increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine across these countries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Delorme’s Procedure in the Treatment of Complete Rectal Prolapse- A Comparison with Abdominal Rectopexy (Well’s procedure)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Md Ariful Alam Suman ◽  
Md Habibullah Sarkar ◽  
Istiak Ahmed ◽  
Sulatanul Abedin ◽  
Md Shohidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Prolapse ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Complete Rectal Prolapse ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Group I ◽  
Abdominal Rectopexy ◽  
Delorme’S Procedure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Delorme's Procedure

Background: There are versatile operative techniques for treating complete rectal prolapse. Every procedure has some advantages and disadvantages. Delorme’s procedure and abdominal rectopexy (Well’s procedure) have gained more popularity. But to determine which approach is better, it is needed to evaluate the functional outcome of both procedures. Objective: To compare the outcome of Delorme’s procedure and abdominal rectopexy to treat complete rectal prolapse. Methodology: A randomized control trial was conducted in 25 patients with complete rectal prolapse in the department of Surgery, RMCH. They were divided into two groups by randomization. Fifteen patients included in Group-I underwent Delorme’s procedure, and ten patients included in group-II underwent abdominal rectopexy (Well’s procedure). The outcome of both procedures was compared postoperatively.  Results: In group-1, we have found uneventful outcomes of 10 (66.66%) patients, and hemorrhage, minor incontinence, and retention of urine were found in 2(13.3%), 1(6.66), and 4(26.66%) patients, respectively. In group-2 patients, 5(50%) patients recovered uneventfully, whereas hemorrhage, surgical site infection, retention of urine, bladder dysfunction, and constipation were found in 2(20%), 1(10%), 1(10%), 1(10%) and 2(20%) patients respectively. The mean operation time in group-I was 92.86 min and in Group 2 was 124.00 min with a p-value of 0.001. The average post-operative hospital stay after Delorme’s procedure was <4 days in 4 patients and 4-6 days in the rest 11 patients. But the hospital stay is a little lengthier in the case of abdominal rectopexy (Well’s procedure), where seven patients were discharged within 4-6 days, and three patients were discharged after the 5th day of operation. In group I, expenditure was <7000 taka in 10 (66.66%) patients, whereas in group-2 , the cost was 10000-15000 in 7(70%) patients with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: We can conclude that Delorme’s procedure is comparatively safer and cost-effective than Well’s procedure, considering different vital parameters. TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 40-46

Public Relation Practitioners, Independency, and Teamwork in the UAE Organizations

2012 ◽  
pp. 964-980
Author(s):  
Badreya Al-Jenaibi
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Relations Practitioners ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Key Issues

This study includes topics related to social networking and teamwork in the United Arab Emirates organizations. The paper focuses on different concepts including the meaning of teamwork, formal and informal teamwork, and social teamwork challenges. Several key issues to be addressed are evaluating network communication in business, teamwork rewards, and scopes in the UAE business organizations. The research method utilized is a structural interview and focus group that includes 14 Public Relations practitioners in different public and private organizations. The researcher developed specific questions, such as: What are the challenges that face Public Relations practitioners when developing teamwork for social networking? Do leaders respect social network teams? Why? What are the advantages and disadvantages of social network teams? One of the research goals is to investigate PR employees and their adaptation of teamwork in local organizations, collaborations, and virtual and social networking. The study concludes with many behavioral and PR employees’ thoughts, such as a preference of informal teamwork as it relates to the organizational environment. Consequently, if the managers offer motivation and job satisfaction, the teamwork will accrue.

scholarly journals Estimation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence at Different Scales: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoya Ni ◽  
Qifeng Lu ◽  
Hongyuan Huo ◽  
Huili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Passive Remote Sensing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Non Destructive

Measuring chlorophyll fluorescence is a direct and non-destructive way to monitor vegetation. In this paper, the fluorescence retrieval methods from multiple scales, ranging from near the ground to the use of space-borne sensors, are analyzed and summarized in detail. At the leaf-scale, the chlorophyll fluorescence is measured using active and passive technology. Active remote sensing technology uses a fluorimeter to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence, and passive remote sensing technology mainly depends on the sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence filling in the Fraunhofer lines or oxygen absorptions bands. Based on these retrieval principles, many retrieval methods have been developed, including the radiance-based methods and the reflectance-based methods near the ground, as well as physically and statistically-based methods that make use of satellite data. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches for sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence retrieval are compared and the key issues of the current sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence retrieval algorithms are discussed. Finally, conclusions and key problems are proposed for the future research.

scholarly journals Enteral diclofenac controls pain and reduces intravenous injection during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Mesbah Kiaei ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Mohaghegh ◽  
Gholamreza Movaseghi ◽  
Masoud Ghorbanlo
Keyword(s):  
Pain Scale ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Significant Difference

Urinary system stones are the third most common disease of urinary system following urinary infection and prostate pathology. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the methods used to treat Urolithiasis where shockwaves are transmitted through skin and body organs and crush the stones into small pieces. This is a painful procedure which usually requires analgesics. Each analgesic drug has its own advantages and disadvantages. The present research seeks to study the effectiveness of using diclofenac suppository in order to control pain and reduce need for venous drugs during ESWL procedure. This is a double blind clinical trial. 158 patients resorting to Shahid Hasheminezhad Specialized Center for ESWL were randomly selected to take part in this projects with due consideration of inclusion criteria. The patients were equally divided into the S (diclofenac suppository) and A (placebo) groups. 2 diclofenac suppositories were used in the S group 20 minutes prior to beginning ESWL. Then, ESWL was carried out in supine position using fluoroscopic conduction with standard method. The present research has studied pain scale of patients, operator’s and patient’s satisfaction during the operation and patient’s hemodynamic parameters in three phases prior to, during, and after ESWL. SPSS v.17 was used to study the data and Chi-Square Tests and Repeated Measure ANOVA were used to analyze the results. The level of significance in the present research was set to P-value<0.05.A review of pain scales across both groups showed that using diclofenac suppository has a significant influence in reducing the pain scale and, hence, need for venous drugs (P-value<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of heart beat and blood pressure changes in various times (P-value>0.05). The results also report different satisfaction levels for patients and operators across the two groups (diclofenac suppository and placebo) (P-value<0.05). Higher satisfaction levels were observed among both patients and operators in the group receiving diclofenac suppository. A general look at the data yields the conclusion that receiving pain killers (diclofenac suppository) before starting ESWL plays a more efficient role in reducing pain scales of patients and enhancing operators’ satisfaction.

Change in Post Partum Family Planning Behaviour Observed in Pakistani Men and Women in a Squatter Settlement in Karachi: A Pre-Post Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Jehangir
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Squatter Settlement ◽  
The Difference

Background: Unfortunately, in Pakistan, there are many myths associated with family planning practices hence general reluctant perception of couples is observed especially just after childbirth. In fact, post partum is the most vulnerable period to discuss contraception. In our study, we aimed to see the change in post partum contraceptive behaviours after thorough counselling to individuals in a squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This is a pre-post observational study done from September 1st 2018 until November 15th 2018 in a squatter settlement in Sikanderabad Karachi. A total of 1023 subjects, both males and females of reproductive age group were recruited in the study. The base line knowledge was assessed by using pre-prepared extensive questionnaire adapted from Best Paper Practice (BPP) PPFP (Post Partum Family Planning) Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG) about contraceptive behaviours, after taking informed consent and providing privacy. After filling the pre-test forms, an awareness talk describing the advantages and disadvantages of all methods of contraception currently available in Pakistan, was discussed in detail. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 filled a post-test questionnaire consisting of the same questions. Mc-Nemar’s test was used to see the difference in the pre and post questionnaire. p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Knowledge of use, side effects and efficacy of all the contraceptive methods was enhanced considerably post session showing statistically significant results (p-value <0.00). Conclusion: It is clearly seen that giving contraceptive education helped couples to choose the appropriate contraceptive method to give birth spacing.

scholarly journals Governance models for robotic process automation: The case of Nordea Bank

2020 ◽  
pp. 204388692093702
Author(s):  
Damian Kedziora ◽  
Esko Penttinen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Robotic Process Automation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Reporting ◽  
Key Issues

The teaching case addresses the governance of robotic process automation at Nordea, a large banking group operating primarily in the Nordic region. Nordea has deployed numerous software robots, for a wide range of business processes, from transaction-processing work and both internal and external reporting all the way to interaction with end users in handling of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)-related queries. The scene is set with a meeting where three people discuss the current state of robotic process automation implementation at Nordea: Group Head of Robotics Agnieszka Belowska Gosławska, Head of Robotic Process Automation Operations Piotr Stolarczyk and Acting Head of Robotics Execution Jaroslaw Motylewski. The presentation outlines several governance-related issues and decision points that must be addressed in connection with any deployment of robotic process automation at somewhat large scale within a company. The key issues are related to the software’s development and maintenance, robotic process automation governance and IT infrastructure. Students who have worked through the case should be able to (1) describe archetypal and hybrid governance modes for robotic process automation and (2) evaluate their advantages and disadvantages for solid infrastructure and effective software development and maintenance.

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