Knowing and Willing in Freedom

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-74
Author(s):  
Richard A. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Image Of God ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Faculty Psychology ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Voluntary Choice ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God

Perkins’ basic understanding of human freedom drew on the resources of earlier English and continental Protestant thought, including the work of thinkers like Jerome Zanchi and Zacharias Ursinus. Early modern Reformed writers, whether of the Reformation or of the era of orthodoxy, were participants in a long history of conversation and debate over the nature of voluntary choice. This debate was rooted in theological treatments of grace and freedom extending back into the patristic era. Like the earlier English and continental Protestant thinkers, Perkins carefully worked through the traditional faculty psychology, in order to counter the accusation of Roman Catholic polemicists that Reformed theology utterly denied human freedom and responsibility. From the outset, Perkins’ approach rested on an analysis of the interrelationship of intellect and will, the creation of human beings in the image of God, and the relationship of human to divine willing.

scholarly journals Synthetic biology ethically evaluated: The creating God and co-creating human

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaan Rheeder
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
God's Image ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God

God did not create once and then put an end to it. Testimony from Scripture shows that God continuously establishes or creates new things. Humans can therefore expect to always see and experience new things in creation. With this pattern of reasoning, one can anticipate that the human being as image of God will continuously establish new things in history. Although nature has value, it does not have absolute value and therefore it can be synthesised responsibly. The thought that humans are stewards of God is no longer adequate to, theologically put into words, the relationship human beings have with nature. New biotechnological developments ask for different answers from Scripture. Several ethicists are of the opinion that the theological construction of humans and created co-creators can help found the relationship of the human being to nature. Humans developed as God’s image evolutionary. On the one hand, this means humans themselves are a product of nature. On the other hand, the fact that humans are the image of God is also an ethical call that humans, like God, have to develop and create new things throughout history. Synthetic biology can be evaluated as technology that is possible, because humans are the image of God. However, it should, without a doubt, be executed responsibly.Sintetiese biologie eties geëvalueer: Die skeppende God en medeskeppende mens. God het nie net eenmaal geskep en daar gestop nie. Uit Skrifgetuienisse kan afgelei word dat God voortdurend nuwe dinge tot stand bring of skep. Daarom kan die mens verwag om gedurig nuwe dinge in die skepping te sien en te beleef. Hiermee saam kan verwag word dat die mens as beeld van God voortdurend nuwe dinge in die geskiedenis tot stand sal bring. Alhoewel die natuur waarde het, het dit nie absolute waarde nie en kan dus verantwoordelik gesintetiseer word. Die gedagte dat die mens rentmeester van God is, is nie meer voldoende om die mens se verhouding tot die natuur teologies te verwoord nie. Nuwe biotegnologiese ontwikkelinge vra na ander antwoorde vanuit die Skrif. Verskeie etici is van mening dat die teologiese konstruksie van die mens as geskepte medeskepper kan help om die mens se verhouding tot die natuur te begrond. Die mens het deur ’n evolusionêre proses tot God se beeld ontwikkel. Aan die een kant beteken dit dat die mens self ’n produk van die natuur is. Aan die ander kant is beeldskap ook ’n etiese oproep dat die mens, soos God, nuwe dinge in die geskiedenis moet ontwikkel en skep. Sintetiese biologie kan gesien word as tegnologie wat moontlik is omdat die mens na die beeld van God geskape is. Sonder twyfel moet sintetiese biologie egter verantwoordelik beoefen word.

Dancing the Animal to Open the Human: For a New Poetics of Locomotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Brandstetter
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Made In

Animals have provided a theme and a model for movements in dance from time immemorial. But what image of man do danced animal portrayals reflect? What questions of human identity and crisis do they reveal? Do the bodies of animals provide symbolic material for the ethical, political, and aesthetic questions raised by man's mastery of nature?The exploration of the boundary between man and animal—in myths and sagas, in the earliest records of ritual and art, and in the history of knowledge—is part of the great nature-versus-nurture debate. In the Bible the relationship is clear: Adam, made in the image of God, gives the animals in Paradise their names. In this way he rules over them—but Thomas Aquinas's commentary on this biblical text makes clear that the act of naming animals in Paradise is a step toward man's experiential self-discovery. Since then the hierarchy seems to be beyond doubt.Homo sapien, as theanimal significans, is distinguished from other animals by his ability to speak, his upright gait, the use of his hands, and the capacity to use instruments and media—man as what Sigmund Freud called the “prosthetic god” (1966, 44).

Tradisi Pesta Pembagian Zakat di Kenagarian Barung-Barung Balantai Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan 1970-2005

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Hoktaviandri Hoktaviandri
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

The implementation of the zakat distribution party is done at the house of the tithe. The person who receives zakat is the person who is invited by the tithe person. Zakat is divided equally, not distributed to the person who has the right to receive it, the person invited and come he gets a portion of the treasured property, both poor and rich, both entitled and not entitled, still receive the zakat. Zakat is distributed at a party agreed upon by mamak. The purpose of writing in this paper is to find the history of the birth of a zakat distribution party in Kenagarian Barung-Barung Balantai, to describe how the tradition of zakat distribution parties in Kenagarian Barung-Barung Balantai, to know the development of the tradition of the zakat distribution party 1970-2005 in Kenagarian Barung-Barung Balantai and need to be preserved, to explain the factors that motivate the community to maintain the tradition of zakat distribution parties in Kenagarian Barung-Barung Balantai. The approach used is the hitoris approach. The findings obtained from this study indicate that the tradition of the zakat distribution party carried out by the Kenagarian Barung-Barung Balantai community was due to the desire of the community to implement the Islamic Shari'ah and broadcast it called the Islamic da'wah, the relationship of their fellow human beings, motivating the nomads to return to hometown and in this tradition many contain positive values ​​and do not conflict with the teachings of Islam.

scholarly journals HOMO CULTURALIS VERSUS CULTURA ANIMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Patrik Maturkanič ◽  
Ivana Tomanova Cergetova ◽  
Peter Kondrla ◽  
Viktoria Kurilenko ◽  
Jose Garcia Martin
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Level Of Thinking ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God

Aim. Presented study deals with the cultural dimension. It analyses external and internal human activities, that are creating the polarity develop values. The aim of the study is to clarify and connect the theoretical level of thinking with the reality of life practice, which shows the true meaning of human existence. Concept. The study highlights the importance of human thinking and decision making. Through the actions, one develops and creates the values of human dignity. The study focuses on the importance of two dimensions (horizontal and vertical dimensions of man), the relationship of man to God. Human culture includes behavior that can be learned and is shaped by the environment in which one lives. This contribution is  to clarify a culture of thinking that is a reflection of the soul of human being. Since culture is not only a matter of individual dispositions but also of social reality, it is right to underline this dual aspect of the plurality dimension (Binetti et al., 2021).             Conclusion. The study identifies a fundamental aspect of the culture's values, which show the potential of the soul of every human being. Human values influence thinking and actions of human being, thus creating the image of God.

scholarly journals Vrou as beeld van God: Vanaf die Reformasie tot die twintigste eeu

2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Theology ◽  
The Image Of God

Woman created in the image of God: From the Reformation through the twentieth century. The purpose of this artirle is to trace how woman has been represented in the history of theology, in the period stretching from the Renaissance to the feminist movement of the twentieth century, as the image of God. The focus is on the views of Luther, Calvin, Schleiermacher, Bonhoefer, Brunner and Barth. As far as the feminist movement is concerned, attention is paid in particular to the views of Daly, Coll and Ruether. The discussion proceeds from the presupposition that, apart from the master narrative (the patriarchal-hierarchical perspective), acounter-narrative (a more egalitarian perspective) is also present in the Bible.These two perspectives form the criterion according to which woman as image of God has been traced in the history of theology. The article has been written with a view to pastoral interaction with women.

Embodiment

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Culture Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Virtue Of

Embodiment—defined as having, being in, or being associated with a body—is a feature of the existence of many entities, perhaps even of all entities. Why entities should find themselves in this condition is the central concern of the present volume. The problem includes, but also goes beyond, the philosophical problem of body: that is, what the essence of a body is, and how, if at all, it differs from matter. On some understandings there may exist bodies, such as stones or asteroids, that are not the bodies of any particular subjects. To speak of embodiment by contrast is always to speak of a subject that variously inhabits, or captains, or is coextensive with, or even is imprisoned within, a body. The subject may in the end be identical to, or an emergent product of, the body. That is, a materialist account of embodied subjects may be the correct one. But insofar as there is a philosophical problem of embodiment, the identity of the embodied subject with the body stands in need of an argument and cannot simply be assumed. The reasons, nature, and consequences of the embodiment of subjects as conceived in the long history of philosophy in Europe as well as in the broader Mediterranean region and in South and East Asia, with forays into religion, art, medicine, and other domains of culture, form the focus of these essays. More precisely, the contributors to this volume shine light on a number of questions that have driven reflection on embodiment throughout the history of philosophy. What is the historical and conceptual relationship between the idea of embodiment and the idea of subjecthood? Am I who I am principally in virtue of the fact that I have the body I have? Relatedly, what is the relationship of embodiment to being and to individuality? Is embodiment a necessary condition of being? Of being an individual? What are the theological dimensions of embodiment? To what extent has the concept of embodiment been deployed in the history of philosophy to contrast the created world with the state of existence enjoyed by God? What are the normative dimensions of theories of embodiment? To what extent is the problem of embodiment a distinctly western preoccupation? Is it the result of a particular local and contingent history, or does it impose itself as a universal problem, wherever and whenever human beings begin to reflect on the conditions of their existence? Ultimately, to what extent can natural science help us to resolve philosophical questions about embodiment, many of which are vastly older than the particular scientific research programs we now believe to hold the greatest promise for revealing to us the bodily basis, or the ultimate physical causes, of who we really are?

Jan Amos Comenius

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Image Of God ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Educational Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
Universal Schooling ◽  
The Image Of God

Jan Amos Comenius (b. 1592) is widely recognized as a pivotal figure in the history of educational thought. Living during a period of great turmoil he promoted universal schooling as the means to engineer a perfectly harmonious world. His argument turned upon claims to scientific knowledge and a didactic method that could instill truth in all minds. As the ever expanding scholarship on Comenius demonstrates, many still find inspiration in this visionary project. But Comenius’ work must be read in the context of Early Modern thought. Convinced that life was situated in the divinely crafted cosmos pictured in the Book of Genesis, his overarching goal was to restore “the image of God in man” and realize the Golden Age depicted in prophecy. The school was to be a workshop for the reformation of mankind, a place to manufacture of right thinking and right acting individuals. I explore these epistemological and pedagogic arguments and demonstrate their role in his hugely successful Latin primer, Orbis pictus (1658). Comenius, I conclude, was a revolutionary thinker who married subtle observations about the process of learning with sophisticated instructional practices. However, given current views about human nature and the social good, these principles cannot be applied uncritically to contemporary educational problems.

Creation

2019 ◽  
pp. 340-353
Author(s):  
David L. Clough
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Theological Anthropology ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Doctrine Of Creation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God

Barth’s doctrine of creation is stated comprehensively in the four books and over two thousand pages of the third volume of Church Dogmatics, encompassing the relationship between creation and covenant (CD III/1), theological anthropology (CD III/2), themes in the relationship of creator to creature—providence, the lordship of God, nothingness, and the angels—(CD III/3), and the ethical topics which Barth treats under the doctrine of creation (CD III/4). This chapter reviews the breadth of his doctrine of creation, emphasizing in particular the Christocentric focus that Barth maintains, and notes key criticisms that have been raised in relation to the anthropocentric structure of his doctrine of creation, his identification of sexual differentiation as the image of God, and his account of evil as nothingness.

scholarly journals Protestant Reformation and Albanian Nationalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Ylli H. Doci
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Middle Ages

The relationship of the Protestant Reformation with Nationalism is understandable if one can appreciate the nature of the general emancipation from the authority as understood during the Middle Ages to the subjectively defined authority that the Reformation brought forth. The connection of the emancipating influence of the Reformation with the Albanian National Awakening is made more clear if one understands not only the thought patterns typically associated with the Reformation, but also some historical dimensions of the Albanian language and education. Therefore, we propose here the thesis that the influence of the Protestant Reformation is discernable also in the history of Albanian Nationalism.

The “Reception of Calvin” in Later Reformed Theology: Concluding Thoughts

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 255-274
Author(s):  
Richard A. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

The following essay surveys and reflects on the conference as a whole. It identifies a series of significant developments in the study of later Reformed thought, notably a series of ways in which scholarship has moved beyond the dead-ends of older approaches such as the notorious “Calvin against the Calvinists” school of thought. Among other points, the issue of continuity and discontinuity in the history of Protestant thought has received considerable nuance, the diversity and variety of Reformed thought is identified both in the Reformation roots of issues and in the later developments, and the questions of the relationship of Calvin to the Reformed tradition and of the reception of his thought by later generations are reviewed. The conference, therefore, confirms the recent work of reassessing the development of “Calvinism” and points toward significant areas for future research.

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