Basic Motivic Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-164
Author(s):  
Brent Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Elementary Mode ◽  
Developing Variation ◽  
Associative Relation ◽  
Motivic Analysis ◽  
Stark Contrast ◽  
Source Event

Chapter 5 establishes the rules and guidelines for basic motivic analysis (BMA), the more elementary mode of analysis limited to examining the pitch and rhythmic content of music. The first part of the chapter establishes a standard procedure for reduction, or extracting motives from ornamented melodies; this includes rules for motives spanning multiple phrases. The second part of the chapter establishes rules for associating shapes within a work. Such associations are required to be literal, in stark contrast to Schoenberg’s philosophy of Developing Variation. The allowable transformations in pitch are transposition, inversion, and retrograde, and in rhythm are the duration scaling operations, augmentation and diminution. A single, informal associative relation, “sensed connection,” may be used to indicate an analyst’s artistic intuitions about motivic relationships that are unprovable. A last set of rules delineates a proper format for BMA. An analysis must be structured around a single source event called a Focal Point, that occurs near the beginning and furnishes all or nearly all relevant shapes in the piece. Motives must be derived from the Focal Point in forward order (propagative). Discussion is supported by analyses of excerpts by Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart, Rossini, and Pierre Leemans.

scholarly journals Quantitative Estimation of Disruption in Social Contact Structure and its Effect in COVID-19 Spread in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Naresh Dhanwant ◽  
V. Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Contact Structure ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Single Source ◽  
The Social ◽  
Event Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Event

AbstractIn this paper we use the well-known SIR (Susceptible-Infected-recovered) epidemiology model for quantitatively estimating the impact of this disruption in the social contact structure of India and retrospectively estimate the number of COVID-19 cases in India by neglecting the single source event. Model predicts that around 32% of COVID-19 cases (as on April 14, 2020) are contributed by the single source event. Given this disruption of the social contact structure, the model shows that the country wide lockdown has been effective in bringing down the number of cases in India.

Analysis of Three Works in Contrasting Styles

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-310
Author(s):  
Brent Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Line Graph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Motivic Analysis

The three analyses presented in this chapter expound on the theory and methodology presented in chapters 5–7. The first of these, an abbreviated complex motivic analysis of “L’Ondine,” by Cécile Chaminade, reinforces the content of chapter 7 by again taking readers through the processes of narrative construction: segmentation, Focal Point selection, quantification and tally, and the drawing of the Narrative line graph. The other BMA and CMA analyses examine modern works in other genres, a Broadway number by Marvin Hamlisch (“At the Ballet”) and a rock song by Radiohead (“Paranoid Android”). The latter two works are texted, offering a model for how to responsibly integrate a piece’s literal poetic and/or theatric meaning into an account of its motivic activity. As a group, the three analyses are intended to bolster the claim that motivic analysis applies broadly to music.

CMA Narrative Archetypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Brent Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Motivic Analysis ◽  
Large Sections ◽  
Schematic Diagrams

This Interlude on the topic of narrative, the second of two, serves as the bridge between the sections on basic motivic analysis (BMA) and complex motivic analysis (CMA). Chapter 7, which formally presents CMA, will explore the ramifications of broadening the Focal Point entity to include domains beyond pitch and rhythm and permitting it to occur anywhere in the piece, not just at the beginning. These shifts necessitate a second set of narrative archetypes for modeling the flow of motivic material across a work. The dominant archetype from BMA, Propagation (BMA-1), occurs in CMA as well. Now, however, it may be deployed in hierarchic fashion across the large sections of a piece, with the central Focal Point radiating packets of material to section-controlling Local Points. Other novel CMA archetypes are proposed to document cases where Focal Point material occurs later within a work (Accretion narrative) or multiple times within a work (Cyclic narrative). Detailed schematic diagrams support the discussion of all CMA types. The chapter concludes with presentation of a summary chart of all BMA and CMA narratives.

scholarly journals Gandhian Way of Education: M.K. Gandhi’s Educational Philosophy in R.K. Narayan’s Swami and Friends

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Piyush B. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Stark Contrast ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Made In ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

M.K. Gandhi is a unique paradox. He has been sanctified and idolised for his beliefs and teachings and at the same time has been assumed as an impractical idealist. On the contrary his educational philosophy has been highly practical and in the ever-changing times and challenges of the 21st century, it becomes pertinent to explore it.Education is the facilitator of humanity. It is precisely this understanding of education that Gandhi propounds in his philosophical understanding of the same. The roots of all evils lie in ignorance of education and the roots of all virtuousness lies in adherence to it.R.K. Narayan (1906-2001) and M.K. Gandhi (1869-1948) were two major figures of the 20th century India, owing to the former’s literary and the latter’s political and philosophical sensibilities. Gandhi's ideas and ideals regarding education are multi-faceted. For him education has multiple aims and objectives. For him education is not only a means to serve an individual or a national cause but goes on to serve the still larger cause of humanity. It is this aspect of his teachings which will remain the focal point of this paper. The novel Swami and Friends (1935) is written in the characteristic Narayanian vein which refuses to evolve and incorporate serious issues on the surface. Though primarily it appears to be apolitical and plain in style, the novel nonetheless exhibits some serious issues related to education. Efforts would be made in the paper to show how the educational system portrayed in the novel is in stark contrast to the educational philosophy and the ideals for which Gandhi pined throughout his life. The paper would hence attempt to delineate the Gandhian educational philosophy by placing it in and around the critique of education that R.K. Narayan offers in his debut novel Swami and Friends (1935).

scholarly journals A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Model for Multi-Source and Single-Source Partial Discharge Pattern Classification Using Only Single-Source Training Set

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1355
Author(s):  
Sara Mantach ◽  
Ahmed Ashraf ◽  
Hamed Janani ◽  
Behzad Kordi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Partial Discharges ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Single Branch

Classification of the sources of partial discharges has been a standard procedure to assess the status of insulation in high voltage systems. One of the challenges while classifying these sources is the decision on the distinct properties of each one, often requiring the skills of trained human experts. Machine learning offers a solution to this problem by allowing to train models based on extracted features. The performance of such algorithms heavily depends on the choice of features. This can be overcome by using deep learning where feature extraction is done automatically by the algorithm, and the input to such an algorithm is the raw input data. In this work, an enhanced convolutional neural network is proposed that is capable of classifying single sources as well as multiple sources of partial discharges without introducing multiple sources in the training phase. The training is done by using only single-source phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns, while testing is performed on both single and multi-source PRPD patterns. The proposed model is compared with single-branch CNN architecture. The average percentage improvements of the proposed architecture for single-source PDs and multi-source PDs are 99.6% and 96.7% respectively, compared to 96.2% and 77.3% for that of the traditional single-branch CNN architecture.

Integrating perspectives: How the development of second-personal competence lays the foundation for a second-personal morality

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Corbit ◽  
Chris Moore
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Competence ◽  
Triadic Interactions ◽  
Personal Morality ◽  
Integrative Process

Abstract The integration of first-, second-, and third-personal information within joint intentional collaboration provides the foundation for broad-based second-personal morality. We offer two additions to this framework: a description of the developmental process through which second-personal competence emerges from early triadic interactions, and empirical evidence that collaboration with a concrete goal may provide an essential focal point for this integrative process.

CBED Shadow Images and Cs:Aberration Measurement

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
R. W. Carpenter ◽  
I.Y.T. Chan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Caustic Surface ◽  
Convergent Beam

Wide-angle convergent beam shadow images(CBSI) exhibit several characteristic distortions resulting from spherical aberration. The most prominent is a circle of infinite magnification resulting from rays having equal values of a forming a cross-over on the optic axis at some distance before reaching the paraxial focal point. This distortion is called the tangential circle of infinite magnification; it can be used to align and stigmate a STEM and to determine Cs for the probe forming lens. A second distortion, the radial circle of infinite magnification, results from a cross-over on the lens caustic surface of rays with differing values of ∝a, also before the paraxial focal point of the lens.

Electrostatic optics and aberration correction in the 1940s and today

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Gertrude F. Rempfer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Electrostatic Lenses ◽  
Commercial Instrument ◽  
The University ◽  
Theory And Experiment

I became involved in electron optics in early 1945, when my husband Robert and I were hired by the Farrand Optical Company. My husband had a mathematics Ph.D.; my degree was in physics. My main responsibilities were connected with the development of an electrostatic electron microscope. Fortunately, my thesis research on thermionic and field emission, in the late 1930s under the direction of Professor Joseph E. Henderson at the University of Washington, provided a foundation for dealing with electron beams, high vacuum, and high voltage.At the Farrand Company my co-workers and I used an electron-optical bench to carry out an extensive series of tests on three-electrode electrostatic lenses, as a function of geometrical and voltage parameters. Our studies enabled us to select optimum designs for the lenses in the electron microscope. We early on discovered that, in general, electron lenses are not “thin” lenses, and that aberrations of focal point and aberrations of focal length are not the same. I found electron optics to be an intriguing blend of theory and experiment. A laboratory version of the electron microscope was built and tested, and a report was given at the December 1947 EMSA meeting. The micrograph in fig. 1 is one of several which were presented at the meeting. This micrograph also appeared on the cover of the January 1949 issue of Journal of Applied Physics. These were exciting times in electron microscopy; it seemed that almost everything that happened was new. Our opportunities to publish were limited to patents because Mr. Farrand envisaged a commercial instrument. Regrettably, a commercial version of our laboratory microscope was not produced.

Evolution of the microstructure of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers annealed in NH3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
N. D. Theodore ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
S. Russell ◽  
T. L. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Copper Metallization ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Thermally Grown

Copper-based metallization has recently attracted extensive research because of its potential application in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of semiconductor devices. The feasibility of copper metallization is, however, limited due to its thermal stability issues. In order to utilize copper in metallization systems diffusion barriers such as titanium nitride and other refractory materials, have been employed to enhance the thermal stability of copper. Titanium nitride layers can be formed by annealing Cu(Ti) alloy film evaporated on thermally grown SiO2 substrates in an ammonia ambient. We report here the microstructural evolution of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers during annealing in NH3 flowing ambient.The Cu(Ti) films used in this experiment were prepared by electron beam evaporation onto thermally grown SiO2 substrates. The nominal composition of the Cu(Ti) alloy was Cu73Ti27. Thermal treatments were conducted in NH3 flowing ambient for 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 450°C to 650°C. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared by the standard procedure.

A confocal laser scanning microscope for fluorescence and reflection at video rates

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
P.M. Houpt ◽  
A. Draaijer
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Point Light Source ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Ion Laser ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Point Detector

In confocal microscopy, the object is scanned by the coinciding focal points (confocal) of a point light source and a point detector both focused on a certain plane in the object. Only light coming from the focal point is detected and, even more important, out-of-focus light is rejected.This makes it possible to slice up optically the ‘volume of interest’ in the object by moving it axially while scanning the focused point light source (X-Y) laterally. The successive confocal sections can be stored in a computer and used to reconstruct the object in a 3D image display.The instrument described is able to scan the object laterally with an Ar ion laser (488 nm) at video rates. The image of one confocal section of an object can be displayed within 40 milliseconds (1000 х 1000 pixels). The time to record the total information within the ‘volume of interest’ normally depends on the number of slices needed to cover it, but rarely exceeds a few seconds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document