How City Lobbyists Bridge Representational Gaps

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-62
Author(s):  
Julia Payson
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
The State ◽  
Simple Theory ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Lobbying Activity ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter develops a simple theory of intergovernmental lobbying that emphasizes the relationship between cities and their elected delegations. Compared to most interest groups, cities are uniquely dependent on the state and federal officials who are elected to represent them by virtue of their political geography. The quality of this representation should therefore influence the demand for the lobbying. This chapter tests several observable implications of this theory using original panel data on annual city lobbying activity in all fifty states. A series of difference-in-differences designs reveal that municipal officials hire lobbyists in response to a wide array of representational challenges, such as hostile redistricting efforts and flips in the partisan composition of their delegations. The results are broadly consistent with a model of intergovernmental lobbying in which cities use lobbyists to compensate for the representational gaps that sometimes emerge in federal systems.

The Links between the Companies Market Price Quality and that of its Management and Business Quality: A System Panel Data Approach

GIS Business ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Dinis Daniel Santos ◽  
Elias Soukiazis
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
System Equation ◽  
Simultaneous Equation System ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
The Relationship

This work uses a simultaneous equation system approach to analyze the relationship between the management and business quality of companies and their market price quality. Using panel data we found that both the management and the business quality of companies positively influence the market price quality of the studied American companies. Additionally, variables like the actual position of the company price quality compared to the industry average, being on the top or the bottom, or the beta value of a company, also influence the market price quality of the respective company. It is shown that the system equation approach is the most appropriate to explain the linkages between price, business, and management quality providing consistent estimates. Also, using ratings to express the three core variables in the system is the most adequate way to define the quality characteristics in terms of price, management, and business performance of the companies considered in this study.

scholarly journals Budget performance indicators: theoretical and practical aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Serhii YUSHKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Budget Deficit ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Budget Execution

The article examines the indicators on the basis of which the budget execution in Ukraine is assessed. Budget revenues and expenditures are characterized. The paper demonstrates the features of calculating the budget deficit (surplus) in Ukraine before and after 2004 year, emphasizing that despite the special place of this indicator in the budget planning system, for various reasons for a number of years there was neglect of current regulations legislation and world experience in budget deficit management. It is emphasized the imperfection of the budget deficit indicator due to its inherent shortcomings, concluding that the absolute value of the budget deficit is important in connection with another indicator – budget financing. The components of budget financing are named and characterized. It was found that the most important role in the context of balancing the main budget of the state belongs to debt operations. It is demonstrated the relationship between indicators of budget deficit and financing (their modular values are the same), revenues and expenditures (identical provided the balances at the beginning and end of the reporting period), net borrowing and the amount of public debt (the value of the latter increases / decreases by the amount net borrowing). The examples of specific budget years demonstrate the facts of exceeding the total amount of funding (budget deficit) by net borrowings of the state; the conclusion about the significance of the indicator of net borrowings in assessing the state of public finances is drawn; the need for further search for ways to improve the quality of budget management, thoughtful borrowing planning, the implementation of active budget operations with securities is stressed.

Institutional memory and contemporary history in the House of Commons, 1547–1640

2018 ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Paul Seaward
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Institutional Memory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Parliament in the course of a century after 1547 became almost certainly the best-recorded institution in Britain. This essay considers the nature of institutional memory in the late sixteenth-and early seventeenth-century House of Commons. It concerns firstly the nature and quality of institutional memory, and how, while it relied considerably on non-inscribed memory, it changed with the growth of the written record. It discusses the importance of precedent to parliamentarians, and how precedents were identified and selectively used. But more broadly it considers how written records, both of a formal and official nature and a private and unofficial kind, were developed over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in order to generate a narrative about parliament that helps to consolidate its landmark status. As a result, parliament came to be recognised and revered as the key institution in the relationship between the state and the individual.

scholarly journals ASPEK HUKUM INFORMED CONSENT DAN PERJANJIAN TERAPEUTIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Muh Amin Dali ◽  
Warsito Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Relationship

(Legal Aspect Of Informed Consent And Therapeutic Agreement). Health is one of the basic rights guaranteed by the state. Therefore, the state is obliged to prepare instruments to protect the health services of citizens. In practice, one of the tools regulated by the state in guaranteeing health services is the Medical Action Agreement. In the medical world, Medical Action Approval is better known as Informed Consent. The approval of this Medical Action will be contained in a written agreement known as the Therapeutic Agreement. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects of informed consent and therapeutic agreements based on formal law in Indonesia. The scope of the discussion is the study of the relationship between the Patient Party and the Medical Personnel in the Informed Consent and Therapeutic Agreement and analysis of its formal legal aspects. The results of the study are expected to be a legal reference for the community and also the medical staff so as to increase understanding and legal awareness that lead to improving the quality of health care workers. The approach used in this study is a normative juridical approach and analytical descriptive nature. This study uses secondary data obtained from primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study describe the analysis of the legal aspects of protecting the rights and obligations of health services for both patients and medical personnel.Kesehatan adalah salah satu hak dasar masyarakat yang dijamin oleh negara. Maka dari itulah negara berkewajiban menyiapkan perangkat-perangkat dalam melindungi hak pelayanan kesehatan warga negara. Dalam praktiknya, salah satu perangkat yang telah diatur oleh negara dalam menjamin pelayanan kesehatan adalah Persetujuan Tindakan Medis. Dalam dunia medis, Persetujuan Tindakan Medis lebih dikenal dengan istilah Informed Consent. Persetujuan Tindakan Medis ini akan dituangkan dalam perjanjian tertulis yang dikenal dengan Perjanjian Terapeutik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Aspek Hukum informed consent dan Perjanjian Terapeutik berdasarkan hukum formil di Indonesia. Ruang lingkup pembahasan adalah pada kajian mengenai hubungan antara Pihak Pasien dan Pihak Tenaga Medis dalam Informed Consent dan Perjanjian Terapeutik serta analisis aspek hukum formilnya. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi hukum bagi masyarakat dan juga para tenaga medis sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran hukum yang mengarah pada peningkatan kualitas pelayan kesehatan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dan bersifat deskriptif analitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan analisis aspek hukum tentang perlindungan hak dan kewajiban pelayanan kesehatan bagi pihak pasien maupun tenaga medis.

scholarly journals Increasing Block Rate Electricity Pricing and Propensity to Purchase Electrical Appliances: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Russia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6954
Author(s):  
Salim Turdaliev
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Residential Electricity ◽  
The Relationship

This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between the increasing-block-rate (IBR) pricing of electricity and the propensity of households to buy major electrical appliances. I use a variation from a natural experiment in Russia that introduced IBR pricing for residential electricity in a number of experimental regions in 2013. The study employs household-level panel data, which records, among others, whether the household has purchased any major electrical appliances during the last three months. Using a difference-in-differences specification, I show that the purchase of major electrical appliances in the regions with IBR pricing has increased by more than 20% (or more than two percentage points). The findings suggest that price-based energy policies may be an effective tool in shaping the behaviour of households.

Ruin the Sacred Truths

2019 ◽  
pp. 670-686
Author(s):  
John Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pastoral Poetry ◽  
Independent Churches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This chapter begins by reviewing the relationship between Milton and Marvell, but is devoted more expansively to their literary and intellectual ties. It examines the presence of Milton in Marvell’s pastoral poetry of the early 1650s where Marvell engages with the ‘Nativity Ode’, Comus, and ‘Lycidas’ but avoids reproducing the prophetic quality of Milton’s voice, hedging his allusiveness with delicate irony. The chapter also examines Marvell’s later engagement with Milton’s tolerationist treatises. Like Milton, Marvell is shaped by recent heterodox positions, but steers away from the boldness of the Miltonic vision. Where Milton asks the state to tolerate a variety of fully independent churches and religions, Marvell clings to the more conservative hope that the Church of England will merely include, or ‘comprehend’, a wider range of beliefs and believers. A political realist and a literary ironist, Marvell distances himself from the political idealism and prophetic literariness of Milton.

Satisfaction with the Quality of Life and the Degree of Its Influence on Social Concepts About the Patriotism of Russians

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
M.V. Tarasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

one of the important problems in the formation of the patriotic consciousness of modern youth is the search for determinants that influence its formation. The most important factor influencing social ideas about patriotism is the quality of life and satisfaction with the life of citizens living in the state. The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between satisfaction with the quality of life of Russians and their social ideas about patriotism. The study presents a questionnaire that assesses the perceptions of Russians about patriotism, reflects the results of one-way analysis of variance between satisfaction with the quality of life and differences in social ideas about patriotism. It was revealed that the differences in the social perceptions of Russians about patriotism depend on their satisfaction with the quality of life, but these differences within the analyzed sample are not significant

DISTANT TRACK OF ECOLOGICAL DISASTERS ON THE GENETIC-REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF GENERATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Lazareva N.V.
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Load ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Results

The paper discusses and highlights the promising modern environmental problems that affect pollution and environmental destruction, affecting the health status of the population. The deterioration of the situation cannot be justified and compensated for by the positive results of the progress of civilization - today the decaying environment is gaining more and more weight even in comparison with the well-being and economic prosperity of developed countries, affecting the dynamics of the state of health. The studies carried out to determine the relationship between the development of psycho-somatic morbidity and environmental factors of environmental pollution are confirmed by a direct correlation dependence. Studies of the evolution of populations and species are described in detail under the increased pressure of mutations caused by pollution of the biosphere of an atomic and nuclear agent. However, until now, these studies have not been carried out with the required depth and scope. The proposed human genetic monitoring sets itself the task of determining the volume and dynamics of the hereditary health disorders in people caused by the influence of the genetic load. It has been proved that the main, methodologically, when working on genetic monitoring of a person is that an increase in the number of genetic pathologies in the population can be established only when reliable quantitative data are obtained. Thus, an absolutely acceptable solution to the contradictions between the quality of health and the state of the ecological situation has not yet been proposed.

Adaptation and Integration of International Migrants: Theoretical and Methodological Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
L. Kononov ◽  
V. Ledeneva
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Relationship

Received 28.05.2020. Adaptation and integration of migrants are the final stages of the migration process, the quality of which largely determines the final result: either serious socio-economic problems will arise that threaten the security of host societies, or migration will contribute to the socio-economic development of host countries. The dependence of migration results on the final stages of migration processes necessitates the implementation of effective adaptation and integration policies by states. In the scientific literature, the terms “adaptation” and “integration” are most often used as synonyms. However, this approach makes it difficult to develop common ideas about the essence of the processes of adaptation and integration of migrants. All this gave rise to theoretical uncertainty regarding these phenomena, led to scientific disagreements that impeded the formation of an effective state policy of adaptation and integration, and complicated the development of scientifically-based programs for solving acute problems in the migration sphere. And as a consequence of this, the problem of a separate theoretical understanding of the above concepts has become actualized. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the essence and content of the processes of adaptation and integration of migrants, the state policy of adaptation and the state policy of integration, and thereupon to create a scientific methodological base intended for future use in the state migration policy of the Russian Federation and other countries. The authors set the tasks: to analyze theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomena of adaptation and integration of migrants; to formulate the concepts of “adaptation”, “integration”, “state policy of adaptation”, “state policy of integration”; to present the authors’ vision of these phenomena and identify the relationship between them. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by the “RUDN University Program 5–100”.

scholarly journals Trust, honesty and corruption: reflection on the state-building process

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN ROSE-ACKERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Honesty and trust affect the functioning of the state and the market, and, conversely, the quality of formal rules and institutions has an impact on interpersonal trust. This paper organizes and critiques research on the relationship between trust and government; it stresses the mutual interaction between trust and democracy and the impact of corruption. Given this context, the concluding section discusses the transition process in post-socialist countries, highlighting the tensions between interpersonal trust and trust in public institutions.

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