Women and Minorities as Living Organ Donors

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman ◽  
J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Living Donors ◽  
Living Donation ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In this chapter, two demographic traits of living donors are observed: the over-representation of women and the under-representation of Blacks. This raises the question of whether these differences should be considered a disparity or a preference. A traditional bioethics approach would state that as long as living donors believe that the benefits of participation outweigh the risks and harms (beneficence) and the donors give a voluntary and informed consent (autonomy or, more accurately, respect for persons), then the demographics reflect a mere difference in preferences. Such an analysis, however, ignores the social, economic, and cultural determinants as well as various forms of structural discrimination (such as racism and sexism) that may imply that the distribution is less voluntary than may appear initially. The distribution also raises justice concerns regarding the fair recruitment and selection of living donors and their recipients. A vulnerabilities analysis can help explain the demographics of living donation.

scholarly journals The technology of social networks and people management in the recruitment and selection of its employees

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
Ramiro Rodrigues Sumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Virtual Mode ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: To describe the impact that social networks can have on the recruitment and selection of their employees. Question Problem: How can the social network favor the recruitment and selection of employees of a company? Methodology: Literature review. Results: The evidence of the results showed that technologies through social networks can be relevant for the recruitment and selection of people for the organization. But this recruitment should be done with a differentiated look at each type of social network by the recruiter. Final Considerations: Recruitment and selection have been changing as a traditional (face-to-face) way for the technological (virtual) mode. The study mentioned that social networks are tools capable of bringing to the recruiter candidates able to take the organization responsibly and that there are no barriers in the virtual world to find the ideal candidate. It is emphasized the importance of extending this study based on scientific evidence, in which research can be carried out in companies for the use of social networks in the monitoring of their employees.

Minors as Living Organ Donors

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman ◽  
J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Living Donors ◽  
Identical Twin ◽  
Living Donation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
The World ◽  
A Minor

In 1957, three years after the first successful kidney transplant between identical twin brothers, the Supreme Judicial Court in Massachusetts authorized kidney transplantation between three sets of identical twin minors and approved another two dozen living donor transplants involving minor donors over the next twenty years. Today, minors rarely serve as living solid organ donors, and donation by minors is prohibited in much of the world. In this chapter arguments are made to restrict children from serving as living donors except as a last resort. It is also argued that if one embraces the concept of the living donor as patient, then one would not make an exception for living donation by a minor to his or her identical twin sibling.

Tanks in the Spa Town. The New Book about the Events of the Year 1968 in Czechoslovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Scientific Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Regional Perspective ◽  
The Way

This review is devoted to the monograph by Jan Nedvěd “We do not decline our heads. The events of the year 1968 in Karlovy Vary”. The Karlovy Vary municipal museum coincided its publishing with the fiftieth anniversary of the Prague spring which, considering the way of the presentation, turned the book not only to scientific event but also to the social one. The book describes sociopolitical trends in the region before the year 1968, the development of the reformist movement, the invasion and advance of the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries, and finally the decline of the reformist mood and the beginning of the normalization. Working on his writing, the author deeply studied the materials of the local archive and gathered the unique selection of the photographs depicting the passage of the soviet army through the spa town and the protest actions of its inhabitants. In the meantime, Nedvěd takes undue freedom with scientific terms, and his selection of historiography raises questions. The author bases his research on the Czech papers and scarcely uses the books of Russian origin. He also did not study the subject of the participating of the GDR’s army in the operation Danube, although these troops were concentrated on the borders of Karlovy Vary region as well. Because of this decision, there are no materials from German archives or historiography in the monograph. In general, the work lacks the width of studying its subject, but it definitively accomplishes the task of depicting the Prague spring from the regional perspective.

Philosophcal review of h. white̕s tropological theory in the context of the new philosophy of history

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.

Ethics in Social Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Social Researcher ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collection Phase

It is right that social researchers consider the ethical implications of their work, but discussion of research ethics has been distorted by the primacy of the ‘informed consent’ model for policing medical interventions. It is remarkably rare for the data collection phase of social research to be in any sense harmful, and in most cases seeking consent from, say, members of a church congregation would disrupt the naturally occurring phenomena we wish to study. More relevant is the way we report our research. It is in the disparity between how people would like to see themselves described and explained and how the social researcher describes and explains them that we find the greatest potential for ill-feeling, and even here it is slight.

Precursors to Public Choice

2019 ◽  
pp. 796-816
Author(s):  
Iain McLean
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Social Choice ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Social Choice Theory ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter reviews the many appearances, disappearances, and reappearances of axiomatic thought about social choice and elections since the era of ancient Greek democracy. Social choice is linked to the wider public-choice movement because both are theories of agency. Thus, just as the first public-choice theorists include Hobbes, Hume, and Madison, so the first social-choice theorists include Pliny, Llull, and Cusanus. The social-choice theory of agency appears in many strands. The most important of these are binary vs. nonbinary choice; aggregation of judgement vs. aggregation of opinion; and selection of one person vs. selection of many people. The development of social choice required both a public-choice mindset and mathematical skill.

Recruitment and selection of couples for intervention research: Achieving developmental homogeneity at the cost of demographic diversity.

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Rogge ◽  
Rebecca J. Cobb ◽  
Lisa B. Story ◽  
Matthew D. Johnson ◽  
Erika E. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Research ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Candidate Recruitment and Selection in Latin America: A Framework for Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Siavelis ◽  
Scott Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Institutional Variables ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Political Recruitment ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis article provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the recruitment and selection of legislative candidates in Latin America. It argues that political recruitment and candidate selection are undertheorized for Latin America yet have determinative impacts on political systems, often overriding the influence of more commonly studied institutional variables. The article elucidates a typology of legislative candidates based on the legal and party variables that lead to the emergence of particular selection methods, as well as the patterns of loyalty generated by those methods. It analyzes the recruitment and selection processes as independent and dependent variables, underscoring the significant effect these procedures have on the incentive structure and subsequent behavior of legislators. Those factors, in turn, have important consequences for democratic governability and the performance of presidentialism.

scholarly journals Crisis and Continuation: The Digital Relocation of Jain Socio-Religious Praxis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Tine Vekemans
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Praxis ◽  
Online Format ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Selection Of

In early 2020, Jain diaspora communities and organizations that had been painstakingly built over the past decades were faced with the far-reaching consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and its concomitant restrictions. With the possibility of regular face-to-face contact and participation in recurring events—praying, eating, learning, and meditating together—severely limited in most places, organizations were compelled to make a choice. They either had to suspend their activities, leaving members to organize their religious activities on an individual or household basis, or pursue the continuation of some of their habitual activities in an online format, relying on their members’ motivation and technical skills. This study will explore how many Jain organizations in London took to digital media in its different forms to continue to engage with their members throughout 2020. Looking at a selection of websites and social media channels, it will examine online discourses that reveal the social and mental impact of the pandemic on Jains and the broader community, explore the relocation of activities to the digital realm, and assess participation in these activities. In doing so, this article will open a discussion on the long-term effects of this crisis-induced digital turn in Jain religious praxis, and in socio-cultural life in general.

Do CEO Political Connections and Firm Social Responsibility Affect Debt Level?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Azouzi
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
External Funding ◽  
Debt Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to describe the effect of CEO political connection and firm social responsibility on debt access. These constructions have been evaluated in Tunisian firms. The results showed the presence of a positive relationship between political connection, corporate social responsibility, and the debt level. The authors also verified the presence of a negative relationship between political connection and the social responsibility of Tunisian companies. This research has shown how political connection and social responsibility improve the image of the company and facilitate their access to external funding methods. Tunisian companies are advised to know the importance of political connection and social responsibility in the selection of their leaders.

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