Flint and Fauna

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Weiner ◽  
Chris Stringer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times ◽  
Centre Piece ◽  
Cave Art

The manifestly fraudulent elements in the man-ape combination called Eoanthropus dawsoni are the filed down molars and canine, the Vandyke brown staining of the latter and the iron-coloration of the jaw. Taken with the massive evidence of the complete incompatibility of jaw and cranium, those fabrications assure us of the enormity of the larger deception, the foisting of a spurious fossil human ancestor on to the world of palaeontology. The plot achieved its great success because it provided in the spurious fossil a self-consistent array of evidence and this fitted well with the presumed antiquity of the gravels of the Sussex Ouse; for that antiquity there was supporting testimony in the presence of palaeolithic tools and remains of animals of the earliest phase of the Ice Age. But now with the centre-piece proved spurious, what of its appurtenances? Since the jaw is no fossil, but a recent intrusion and a deliberate one, can we help but suspect these other objects in the gravel, impressive and persuasive as the fossil animals and implements appear on first sight? The club-like bone implement discovered in 1914 ranks next to the skull as the most remarkable of the discoveries at Piltdown. Implements of bone are well-known to have been used in the late Ice Age, for example, by men of the cave-art period. Not only is the Piltdown specimen entirely unique in its shape, but as a primitive tool, which Dawson and Woodward were confident it was, it would rank as by far the earliest ever used; in the words of the discoverers, ‘their opinion was that the working and cutting of the bone were done when it was in a comparatively fresh state’. Moreover, Woodward had identified the bone as one which in all likelihood had been obtained from the femur of a very early species of elephant. Judging from the other elephant and mastodon remains, such an animal would certainly have been in existence in the times of Piltdown man.

Palaeolithic Cave Art at Creswell Crags in European Context

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Southern France ◽  
European Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Cave Art ◽  
Illustrated Book

Cave art is a subject of perennial interest among archaeologists. Until recently it was assumed that it was largely restricted to southern France and northern Iberia, although in recent years new discoveries have demonstrated that it originally had a much wider distribution. The discovery in 2003 of the UK's first examples of cave art, in two caves at Creswell Crags on the Derbyshire/Nottinghamshire border, was the most surprising illustration of this. The discoverers (the editors of the book) brought together in 2004 a number of Palaeolithic archaeologists and rock art specialists from across the world to study the Creswell art and debate its significance, and its similarities and contrasts with contemporary Late Pleistocene ("Ice Age") art on the Continent. This comprehensively illustrated book presents the Creswell art itself, the archaeology of the caves and the region, and the wider context of the Upper Palaeolithic era in Britain, as well as a number of up-to-date studies of Palaeolithic cave art in Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy which serve to contextualize the British examples.

scholarly journals Latin America in Global History: An Historiographic Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (60) ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Olstein
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
World History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Global History ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Ice Age ◽  
Great Divergence

Abstract World history can be arranged into three major regional divergences: the 'Greatest Divergence' starting at the end of the last Ice Age (ca. 15,000 years ago) and isolating the Old and the New Worlds from one another till 1500; the 'Great Divergence' bifurcating the paths of Europe and Afro-Asia since 1500; and the 'American Divergence' which divided the fortunes of New World societies from 1500 onwards. Accordingly, all world regions have confronted two divergences: one disassociating the fates of the Old and New Worlds, and the other within either the Old or the New World. Latin America is in the uneasy position that in both divergences it ended up on the 'losing side.' As a result, a contentious historiography of Latin America evolved from the very moment that it was incorporated into the wider world. Three basic attitudes toward the place of Latin America in global history have since emerged and developed: admiration for the major impact that the emergence on Latin America on the world scene imprinted on global history; hostility and disdain over Latin America since it entered the world scene; direct rejection of and head on confrontation in reaction the former. This paper examines each of these three attitudes in five periods: the 'long sixteenth century' (1492-1650); the 'age of crisis' (1650-1780); 'the long nineteenth century' (1780-1914); 'the short twentieth century' (1914-1991); and 'contemporary globalization' (1991 onwards).

Travelling Through the Rock to the Otherworld: The Shamanic ‘Grammar of Mind’ Within the Rock Art of Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-432
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rozwadowski
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universal Nature ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cave Art

One of the aspects of the relationship between rock art and shamanism, which has been supposed to be of a universal nature, inspired by trance experience, concerns the intentional integration of the images with rock. Rock surface therefore has been interpreted, in numerous shamanic rock-art contexts, as a veil beyond which the otherworld could be encountered. Such an idea was originally proposed in southern Africa, then within Upper Palaeolithic cave art and also other rock-art traditions in diverse parts of the world. This paper for the first time discusses the relevance of this observation from the perspective of unquestionable shamanic culture in Siberia. It shows that the idea of the otherworld to be found on the other side of the rock actually is a widespread motif of shamanic beliefs in Siberia, and that variants of this belief provide a new mode of insight into understanding the semantics of Siberian rock art. Siberian data therefore support previous hypotheses of the shamanic nature of associating rock images with rock surface.

scholarly journals Black Love: On the Colours of Feelings in “Confiteor” by Antoni Szandlerowski

2019 ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Bartosz Ejzak
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Dark Cloud ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Times

The imagination of Antoni Szandlerowski in his collection of letters to Helena Beatus (Confiteor), his beloved one, is dominated by black. The aim of this article is to show that this colour plays a major role in Confiteor therefore it is used be the author most of the times. When he writes about how pure and beautiful Helena Beatus is, he uses metaphors such as: black dove, black iris, dark cloud, dark corridor. It shows how pessimistic about the future and how guilty about the love he felt Antoni Szandlerowski was. The internal conflict was caused by the will to fulfil as a lover and the duty to continue priestly services. Antoni Szandlerowski is full of doubts. He misses Helena Beatus and feels that he cannot be happy without her. On the other hand, he knows that they cannot make their desire to live side by side real. Since the world is a place of pain and misery where the love cannot thrive due to social norms, lovers can bind together only after death. This way of thinking led Szandlerowski to many neurological disorders, caused nightmares and a painful impression that the whole world around fades away. Szandlerowski uses symbols such as a black dove and a black iris to describe his beloved one and to show the dichotomy of his perception. Therefore love is the source of all the pain and suffering for him.

scholarly journals Patriarch Ephrem: A late medieval saintly cult

2006 ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
The World ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Of Information

Patriarch Ephrem, monk and hermit, writer and saint, Bulgarian-born but twice the leader of the Serbian Church (1375-78 and 1389-92), is an outstanding figure of the late medieval Balkans. His "life and works" are discussed here in the light of hagiological texts and the information provided by various types of sources with the view to drawing some historically relevant conclusions. The main source of information about Ephrem's life and activity are the eulogies, Life and service composed by bishop Mark, his disciple and loyal follower for twenty-three years. Making use of hagiographical topica combined with plentiful data of undoubted documentary value, he relates the story of Ephrem's life through all of its major stages: from his birth and youth to his withdrawal from the world and taking of a monk's habit. Of formative influence were his years on the Holy Mount Athos, where he experienced different styles of monastic life, coenobitic, as well as solitary, which he practiced in the well-known hermitages in the heights of Athos. The further course of Ephrem's life was decided by the turbulent developments in the Balkans brought about by the Ottoman conquests. In that sense, his biography, full of forced and voluntary resettlements, is a true expression of the spirit of the times. Forced to flee Mount Athos, Ephrem made a short stay in Bulgaria and then, about 1347, came to Serbia, where he spent the rest of his life. An eminent representative of the monastic elite and under the aegis of the Serbian patriarch, he spent ten years in a hesychastria of the Monastery of Decani. For reasons of security, he then moved to a cave hermitage founded specially for him in the vicinity of the Patriarchate of Pec. It was in that cell, where he lived for twenty years powerfully influencing the monastic environment, that his literary work profoundly marked by hesychast thought and eschatology, was created. Ephrem twice accepted the office of patriarch in the extremely complex, even dramatic, political and social circumstances created by the conflict between the patriarchates of Serbia and Constantinople, on the one hand, and rivalries between local lords, on the other. There is a difference of interpretation as to his role as the holder of patriarchal office. The latest findings appear to suggest that Ephrem, as an exponent of Mount Athos, loyal to the Patriarchate of Constantinople and close to Vuk Brankovic, was unacceptable to the Lazarevic dynasty who emerged victorious in the power straggles in Serbia. Their victory was crowned with the creation of the cult of the holy prince Lazar, a Kosovo martyr. Although a supporter of the defeated side, patriarch Ephrem, as an unquestionable spiritual authority and very deserving personage, was included among the saints shortly after his death. His cult, however, had never been made complete. He was given a Life and service, but the attempted elevation of his body, i.e. creation of the cult of his relics, was thwarted. The reasons, political in nature, were given in the form of a coded hagiographical message in his Life composed by bishop Mark, an active protagonist in all the events. .

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI PESANTREN DAN KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM NOVEL “CIUMAN TERAKHIR AYAH” KARYA: MAUFIQURRAHMAN SURAHMAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Kadarisman Kadarisman
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times ◽  
Building Elements ◽  
The Way

The novel is one type of prose literary work in which there are building elements such as plot, character, setting, and of course language. As part of literature, novels also have their own genre. Indonesian literature continues to evolve in accordance with the demands and development of the times, and in accordance with the situation and conditions in the community of writers and readers. In the novel Ciuman Terakhir, the work of Maufiqurrahman Surahman will be found in a portrait of the world of pesantren which is very thick. This indicates that the sociology of the author is very influential in constructing a literary work. This can be seen in the way the author chooses diction, plot, builds character, and creates a certain atmosphere in the novel. On the other hand, there are still some language errors in the novel The Last Kiss of the Father. Therefore understanding of linguistic rules is very important, because literary works use language as a medium of liaison between authors and readers.

scholarly journals Jezični imperijalizam i politička korektnost

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 235-250
Author(s):  
Nives Opačić
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right

Language imperialism and political correctnessIn the times of general globalization, in its part that considers languages, especially the so-called small languages, we can talk not only about an uncontrolled inroad of mainly English words into all walks of life within a society, but also about elements of linguistic imperialism.That imperialism has come about through technology, not by arms and blazing swords, as was mostly the case in history. In addition, the USA – the exporting country of the above mentioned language-imperialistic phenomena around the world, is considered to be the cradle of the much advocated political correctness, which should include basic human rights, one of which is undoubtedly the right to a proper name.It could be argued whether this right is always respected: I will show some examples of proper names of immigrants who had to/wanted to renounce their names in order to be Americanized (‘‘cooked in the American melting pot’’). Thus, the Croatian Krešo became Chris, Eva is spelled Eve on the other side of the pond (pronounced /I:v/), and in the global (American) news Michael Stich, a German, is pronounced /majkl stits/, and so on.I will also provide an example of political correctness which is not far from sheer stupidity.Political correctness itself changes with time, which will be illustrated by the Croatian example Ciganin – Rom (Gipsy – Roma(ny)).

$ 5 Trillion Emerging Indian Economy A Road Map of Central Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Meenakshi ◽  
Hem Ritu Verma
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The Other ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
The Times

In the cusp of transformation, India is at the times where it is willing to take a big leap in order to become one of the top three economies in the world. To realize this leap India will have to overcome many challenges in order to achieve the target of growth in its seventh decade of independence. India, with this goal set in mind, have already seen big changes, especially in banking sector. Trying to break the new ground by infusing banks with investment and policies with amalgamation on one hand and on the other it is fighting a sluggish GDP. The original plan laid out and quoted “Small steps by millions of people”, by honorable Prime Minister, it is certainly facing powerful repercussions. The government laid out the plans to reform the sectors in order to achieve the milestone and the central bank has also got a crucial role to play with ongoing process of multiple mergers of Indian banks and bringing privatization in them, RBI has to focus on financial inclusion as well. This paper discusses about the central bank’s objectives, current situations, constraints and the way forward for making India a USD 5 trillion economy. RBI’s role in the context of growth has been multi-pronged.

scholarly journals Toward the Expression of Shoah. Language Issue in Erwin Schenkelbach’s Stories.

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
V. Durkalevych
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
The World ◽  
Character Reading ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Simultaneous Reading ◽  
Identification Processes

Language represents different levels and is characterized by different semiotic registers in the context of the investigated collection of narratives. In particular, it relates to the language connections with acts of reading, speaking and writing. One of the clearly defined levels of language manifestation can be considered the functional field of the main character. Reading for him is the key to the world of culture and one of the ways of being in the world. Child narrator also creates his own reading technique – parallel simultaneous reading. Reading is meaningful sign of the narrator’s family life too. Narrator’s memories bring out images of reading parent, their favourite books and authors. Catastrophe carries a quantity of different dimensions of language, among which language as a strategy of survival. Stylistic speech registers actuate gender and sociolect issue. Unconventional dimension of language saves life of the hero in extreme survival situations. In the times of war language, on the one hand, divides world into ours and strangers, cuts the time for then and now, on the other hand, language is subjected to the pressure of alienation and ambivalence. Language also plays significant role in the process of hero’s self- identification. Traumatic experience of Shoah motivates the narrator to formulate fundamental questions in the context of self-identification processes. An important level of language functioning in short stories is the level of author's poetic system with its dialogical and intertextual peculiarities. This level is influenced by B. Schulz’s prose, E. Jabès’ poems and K. Jaspers’ concept of talking through the Second World War traumatic experience. Phenomenon under analysis requires further examination, including the involvement of a wider range of comparative materials connected with survivors' experience of Shoah from the child narrator modeling perspective. Specificity of the creation of the Other in E. Schenkelbach’s short stories deserves for a separate subject conversation. This will be the subject of our further research studies.

scholarly journals “Thaw” in the USSR: two models of reflexion after the XX Congress of the CPSU

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Andrey L. Yurganov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Party Members ◽  
The Times ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article deals with reflexive models by which Khrushchev’s “secret” report at the XX Congress of the CPSU was perceived. For the leaders of CPSU, Stalin’s “cult” meant only that Stalin had forgotten about collectivity, about the collective origin, about collective decisions; he had stopped paying attention to the opinion of other leading members of the party. He exalted himself, not the party. The very problem with his crimes was that Stalin repressed party members. The issue of his crimes against the entire people was not raised or considered. Thus, a turn towards reflection emerged that aimed to protect the renewed totalitarianism, new collective cohesion (and justification) of party decisions. In this model, the function of the logic of retreat was crucial for preserving the main value, which was the communist perspective. The article explores the behavioral strategies of the leading historians in the Academy of Sciences in the times of uncertainty in the official attitude towards Stalin: who is he from Khrushchev’s perspective: a criminal or a “prominent figure” in the party? The other model is found in the questions asked by the audience during the lectures given by Academician A.M. Pankratova, a well-known historian of the working movement in Russia, who spoke to different audiences in Leningrad one month after the Congress. In this “first” reaction to Khrushchev’s re­port, one can find a critical public intuition that expressed the need for human rights in order to protect oneself from any kind of outrage – including the collective one. For the leaders of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the boundary of what was tolerable lay in the exclusion of any personal superiority from the collective beginning, which meant a return to Lenin – the leader of the world proletariat, who “sacredly respected” the principle of collective decision; for the audiences in Leningrad, this boundary was not outlined in any way and the message that was transmitted allowed even for a scenario that led to a deconstruction of the entire communist mythology.

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