Metaethical Loose Ends

2020 ◽  
pp. 334-369
Author(s):  
Simon Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Textual Support

This final main chapter tidies up some loose ends concerning the metaethical credentials of the evaluative and normative claims going into Nietzsche’s perfectionism. Nietzsche did not have a well-worked-out metaethics; furthermore, his texts often underdetermine whatever views he might have intended. Nonetheless, the strategy is to gauge how well various positions (each with some textual support) satisfy certain basic interpretative desiderata, fit his revaluative purposes, and serve his wider philosophical needs. The chapter raises worries for a range of extant readings: realist, quasi-realist, fictionalist, and a hybrid realism/antirealism. It then attributes to Nietzsche a form of irrealism on which there are normative/evaluative truths but no metaphysically robust normative/evaluative properties.

Industrie 4.0 und kennzahlengesteuerte dezentrale Logistik

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Thomas Felsch ◽  
Hubertus Franke ◽  
Torsten Czenskowsky
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Industrie 4.0 ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
General Context ◽  
Zukünftige Entwicklungen ◽  
Textual Support

Im Zeitalter von Industrie 4.0 werden besondere Erwartungen an die Logistik gestellt. Dies geht mit einer Dezentralisierung von Logistikprozessen und -systemen einher, um der Skalierbarkeit von stetig komplexer werdenden Anforderungen in der Logistik Genüge zu tun. Eine Möglichkeit, um die Kontrolle in komplexen Logistiksystemen zu behalten, besteht in der kennzahlbasierten Strukturierung relevanter Logistikbereiche. Im vorliegenden Beitrag ist eine Methode vorgestellt worden, wie über Petri-Netze logistische Systeme – im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 – dezentral gesteuert, Prozesse simuliert und darauf aufbauend Kennzahlen berechnet werden können. Hierbei können ebenfalls eigenständige, selbststeuernde Prozesse generiert werden, die in der Literatur als Agentensysteme seit längerem bekannt sind. Es ist erklärt worden, wie Petri-Netze hierbei Teilbereiche einer komplexen Logistik steuern und simulieren können. Diese Art der Modellierung ist gerade für den Einsatz von Industrie-4.0-Technologien und -Methoden sehr zielführend. U. a. ist dies am Beispiel der Umschlagshäufigkeit in Lägern dargestellt und umgesetzt worden. Als Ausblick werden mehrdimensionale Logistik- und Kennzahlsysteme aufgeführt sowie eine Prognose über zukünftige Entwicklungen im Bereich der Modellierung dezentraler, kennzahlbasierter Logistiksysteme gegeben. The following article deals with the effects of the current issue “Industry 4.0” on logistics. Due to technological innovations (e.g. the speed of microprocessors), Industry 4.0 developed. It is called the fourth industrial revolution. It is based on communication across corporate boundaries and networking between persons, machines and subjects based on the internet. Possibilities for decentralized control of logistics can arise, which can be described with petri-nets. They are used for the illustration of general context or simulation. For the textual support of the logistic task area indicators or an indicator system can be used. Keywords: petri netz, logistikszenario, key performance indicators, it steuerung, distributionslogistik

A Critique of the Practical Contradiction Procedure for Testing Maxims

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Categorical Imperative ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Christine Korsgaard ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Textual Support

Emerging from the growing swell of recent literature concerning Kant's practical philosophy, one interpretation of his procedure for testing maxims has crested above others. The influential interpretation to which I refer believes that the categorical imperative guides a procedure that finds maxims impermissible when they cannot be universalized without producing a 'practical' contradiction. As a major proponent of the practical contradiction interpretation, Christine Korsgaard claims that, while there is textual support for this point of view, she is more concerned with developing a defensible interpretation of maxim testing for a ‘Kantian’ system of morality. Accordingly, one cannot simply attempt to evaluate such a theory solely by considering its various incongruities with Kant's specific claims and arguments. Instead, my evaluation of the practical contradiction interpretation will examine: (a) whether it is a procedure that is applicable to a full range of maxims; (b) whether it maintains a distinct advantage over the alternative readings; and (c) whether it is an internally coherent and consistent model for testing maxims. I propose, here, that regardless of the practical contradiction test's many advantages, it fails with regard to all three of these questions.

scholarly journals How to Use Someone ‘Merely as a Means’

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-414
Author(s):  
Pauline Kleingeld
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Textual Support

AbstractThe prohibition on using others ‘merely as means’ is one of the best-known and most influential elements of Immanuel Kant’s moral theory. But it is widely regarded as impossible to specify with precision the conditions under which this prohibition is violated. On the basis of a re-examination of Kant’s texts, the article develops a novel account of the conditions for using someone ‘merely as a means’. It is argued that this account has not only strong textual support but also significant philosophical advantages over alternative conceptions.

Law and Self-Preservation in Leviathan

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-145
Author(s):  
A.P. Martinich
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Textual Support

Quentin Skinner’s principle that a philosopher’s contemporaries have a privileged perspective on his doctrine is tested. This chapter shows that Hobbes’s contemporaries misinterpreted him on many important issues. The examples used to disconfirm Skinner’s principle have to be ones that have strong textual support and are not currently interpreted by scholars today as being ironic, skeptical, or misleading. Thomas Hobbes’s views about self-preservation and law satisfy the criteria. Contrary to the view of his contemporaries, self-preservation is a desire, a physiological condition, not a law or command. The concept of self-preservation is an important part of the definition of “law of nature.” But the definition is no more a law of nature than the definition of an elephant is an elephant. The content of the laws of nature are deduced from the definition of “a law of nature.”

Dividing Plato’s Kinds

Phronesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-407
Author(s):  
Fernando Muniz ◽  
George Rudebusch
Keyword(s):  
Animal Body ◽  
Textual Support

AbstractA dilemma has stymied interpretations of the Stranger’s method of dividing kinds into subkinds in Plato’sSophistandStatesman. The dilemma assumes that the kinds are either extensions (like sets) or intensions (like Platonic Forms). Now kinds divide like extensions, not intensions. But extensions cannot explain the distinct identities of kinds that possess the very same members. We propose understanding a kind as like an animal body—the Stranger’s simile for division—possessing both an extension (in its members) and an intension (in its form). We find textual support in the Stranger’s paradigmatic four steps for collecting a subkind.

The Paul of Acts

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Joshua W. Jipp
Keyword(s):  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Present Author ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Identity Markers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Textual Support

AbstractThe question of the relationship between “Judaism” and “Christianity” in the Acts of the Apostles has been marked by two contradictory interpretive traditions. One tradition emphasizes conflict and rupture, whereas the other sees continuity and a positive treatment of Judaism. These interpretive traditions both find significant textual support from Acts. There is an internal tension within Luke’s characterization of Paul that does not fit neatly into easy dichotomies and is representative of Luke’s broader two-volume work. The present author argues that the significance of God’s history within Israel centers upon Paul’s central conviction that Israel’s Davidic Messiah, resurrected and enthroned at God’s right hand, is the singular dispenser of salvation for Israel and the pagan nations. This messianic conviction results in a re-evaluation (not rejection) of Israel’s primary identity markers that will only be embraced if one grants Paul’s claim that the hope of Israel is identified with Jesus the resurrected Messiah.

scholarly journals Aztec Metaphysics—Two Interpretations of an Evanescent World

Genealogy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Jorge Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Textual Support

This paper contrasts two contemporary approaches to Nahua metaphysics by focusing on the stance of the Nahua tlamatinime (philosophers) regarding the nature of reality. Miguel León-Portilla and James Maffie offer the two most comprehensive interpretations of Nahua philosophy. Although León-Portilla and Maffie agree on their interpretation of teotl as the evanescent principle of Nahua metaphysics, their interpretations regarding the tlamatinime metaphysical stances diverge. Maffie argues that León-Portilla attributes to the tlamatinime a metaphysics of being according to which being means permanence and stability and thus, since earthly things are continuously changing, being cannot be predicated of them, hence earthly things are not real. I present textual support to show that León-Portilla does not read Nahua metaphysics through the lens of a metaphysics of being and thus that León-Portilla does not interpret the tlamatinime as denying the reality of earthly things. I then provide an exegetical analysis of León-Portilla’s texts to show that, in his interpretation, metaphysical concerns are intimately linked to existential questions regarding the meaning of human life. Ultimately, I argue that, in León-Portilla’s interpretation, the tlamatinime conception of art functions as poiesis, that is, as the process of aesthetic creation that gives meaning to human life.

Reid's Account of Judgment and Missing Fourth Kind of Conception

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Aaron Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Individual Thing ◽  
Fourth Kind ◽  
Textual Support

According to Thomas Reid, every act of mind is accompanied by a conception of its object. For instance, he holds that the thing one conceives in an act of perception is always an individual thing that exists, and that the thing one conceives in an act of judgment is the thing expressed by the proposition judged. However, Reid never is clear about what kind of thing is expressed by a proposition; neither is it clear from the existing literature on Reid. What he says about judgments, propositions, and general conceptions together suggests four distinct candidates. But I will argue that each of these candidates either fails to have sufficient textual support, or leads to absurd conclusions (such as that we conceive semi-existent things). In conclusion, I argue that while Reid does not offer an account of the kind of conception accompanying judgments, his writings leave the matter open.

scholarly journals The Worldwood of the Cinematic Image

Phainomenon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
José Manuel Martins
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bodily Experience ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
General Relevance ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Flesh ◽  
Textual Support

Abstract A close analysis of the specifically cinematographic procedure in Akira Kurosawa’s ‘Dream’ Crows reveals it as an articulated and insightful philosophical statement, endowed with general relevance conceming ‘natural’ perception, phenomenological Erlebnis, mechanical image and aesthetic rapture. The antagonism between the Benjarninian lineage of a mechanical irreducibility of the cinematic image to anthropocentric categories, and the Cartesian tradition of a film-philosophy still relying on the equally irreducible structure of the intentional act, be it the one of a deeply embodied and enworlded counsciousness, in accounting for the essential structure of film and spectator (and their relation), i.e., the antagonism between the decentering primacy of the image and the self-centered primacy of perception, cannot be settled through a simple Phenomenological shift from occularcentric, intentional counsciousness to its embodyment ‘ in-the-world’ as yet another carrier of intentionality. Still it remains to be explained what is it in the mechanical image that is able to so deeply affect the human flesh, and conversely, to what features in the human bodily experience is its mechanical other, the fascinating image, so successfuly adressing? It should be expected from the anti-Cartesianism of both the early and the late Merleau- Ponty the textual support for an approach to the essential condition of passivity in movie watching, that would be convergent with Benjamin. The Chapter ‘Le sentir’, in Phénoménologie de la perception, will offer us the proper guide to elucidate what we are already perceiving and conceiving in Kurosawa’s film, where the ex-static phenomenological body of the aesthetical contemplator ‘ enters the frame’ like the Benjaminian surgeon enters the body and like the painter - and always already like our deepest levei of ‘sensing’, previously to any act of cousciousness - ‘just looses himself in the scene before him’. The Polichinello secret of cinema watching is nonetheless too evident to be seen, and that is where Phenomenological description and reduction are still required.

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