Future Perspectives

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Nicola P. Randall ◽  
Barbara Smith
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Biological Impacts

This final chapter explores the future challenges for agroecosystem biology. Factors such as population growth and the requirement for increased agricultural production are considered, alongside environmental factors such as climate change. The chapter explores the potential encroachment of new farmland into natural habitats and the limiting factors for agricultural growth (such as land and water availability). The use of new developments to overcome these limiting factors to agricultural growth is discussed. The chapter concludes with consideration of the potential biological impacts of further expansion and change to global agriculture, and of the implications of agricultural management on biological and other environmental factors.

scholarly journals Impact of environmental factors on growth and satratoxin G production by strains of Stachybotrys chartarum

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Frazer ◽  
J. Pestka ◽  
J. Kim ◽  
A. Medina ◽  
D. Aldred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Stachybotrys Chartarum ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
First Time

The black mould Stachybotrys chartarum and its mycotoxins have been linked to damp building-associated illnesses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of water availability (water activity, aw) and temperature on growth and production of satratoxin G (SG) by a macrocyclic trichothecene-producing strain (IBT 7711) and non-producing strain (IBT 1495) of S. chartarum. Growth studies were carried out on potato dextrose agar modified with glycerol to 0.995-0.92 aw at 10-37 °C. Growth extension was measured and the cultures were extracted after 10 days and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method used to quantify the SG content. Growth was optimal at 25 to 30 °C at 0.995 aw, but this was modified to 0.98 aw at 30 °C for both strains (1.4-1.6 mm/day, respectively). The ELISA method revealed that, in contrast to growth, SG production was maximal at 20 °C with highest production at 0.98 aw (approximately 250 μg/g mycelia). When water was freely available (0.995 aw), SG was maximally produced at 15 °C and decreased as temperature was increased. Interestingly, the strain classified as a non-toxigenic produced very low amounts of SG (<1.6 μg/g mycelia) that were maximal at 25 °C and 0.98 aw. Contour maps for growth and SG production were developed from these data sets. These data have shown, for the first time, that growth and SG production profiles are very different in relation to key environmental conditions in the indoor environment. This will be very useful in practically determining the risk from exposure to S. chartarum and its toxins in the built environment.

scholarly journals Sporothrix schenckii complex biology: environment and fungal pathogenicity

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (11) ◽  
pp. 2352-2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Téllez ◽  
A. Batista-Duharte ◽  
D. Portuondo ◽  
C. Quinello ◽  
R. Bonne-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Fungal Pathogenicity ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Medical Importance

Sporothrix schenckii is a complex of various species of fungus found in soils, plants, decaying vegetables and other outdoor environments. It is the aetiological agent of sporotrichosis in humans and several animals. Humans and animals can acquire the disease through traumatic inoculation of the fungus into subcutaneous tissue. Despite the importance of sporotrichosis, it being currently regarded as an emergent disease in several countries, the factors driving its increasing medical importance are still largely unknown. There have only been a few studies addressing the influence of the environment on the virulence of these pathogens. However, recent studies have demonstrated that adverse conditions in its natural habitats can trigger the expression of different virulence factors that confer survival advantages both in animal hosts and in the environment. In this review, we provide updates on the important advances in the understanding of the biology of Spor. schenckii and the modification of its virulence linked to demonstrated or putative environmental factors.

scholarly journals Potential Distribution of Six North American Higher-Attine Fungus-Farming Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F Senula ◽  
Joseph T Scavetta ◽  
Joshua A Banta ◽  
Ulrich G Mueller ◽  
Jon N Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality

Abstract Ants are among the most successful insects in Earth’s evolutionary history. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding range-limiting factors that may influence their distribution. The goal of this study was to describe the environmental factors (climate and soil types) that likely impact the ranges of five out of the eight most abundant Trachymyrmex species and the most abundant Mycetomoellerius species in the United States. Important environmental factors may allow us to better understand each species’ evolutionary history. We generated habitat suitability maps using MaxEnt for each species and identified associated most important environmental variables. We quantified niche overlap between species and evaluated possible congruence in species distribution. In all but one model, climate variables were more important than soil variables. The distribution of M. turrifex (Wheeler, W.M., 1903) was predicted by temperature, specifically annual mean temperature (BIO1), T. arizonensis (Wheeler, W.M., 1907), T. carinatus, and T. smithi Buren, 1944 were predicted by precipitation seasonality (BIO15), T. septentrionalis (McCook, 1881) were predicted by precipitation of coldest quarter (BIO19), and T. desertorum (Wheeler, W.M., 1911) was predicted by annual flood frequency. Out of 15 possible pair-wise comparisons between each species’ distributions, only one was statistically indistinguishable (T. desertorum vs T. septentrionalis). All other species distribution comparisons show significant differences between species. These models support the hypothesis that climate is a limiting factor in each species distribution and that these species have adapted to temperatures and water availability differently.

scholarly journals Present and future challenges of induced pluripotent stem cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1680) ◽  
pp. 20140367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Ohnuki ◽  
Kazutoshi Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Disease Modelling ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Human Ipscs ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Growing old is our destiny. However, the mature differentiated cells making up our body can be rejuvenated to an embryo-like fate called pluripotency which is an ability to differentiate into all cell types by enforced expression of defined transcription factors. The discovery of this induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has opened up unprecedented opportunities in regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery. In this review, we introduce the applications and future perspectives of human iPSCs and we also show how iPSC technology has evolved along the way.

scholarly journals Agricultural growth and sex-disaggregated employment in Africa: Future perspectives under different investment scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 100353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymen Frija ◽  
Ali Chebil ◽  
Khondoker Abdul Mottaleb ◽  
Daniel Mason-D'Croz ◽  
Boubaker Dhehibi
Keyword(s):  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Agricultural Growth

Effects of Date of Planting and Planting System on Tomato Yield in the Isabela Area

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
R. Abrams ◽  
Frank J. Juliá
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Ground System ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Planting System

Two tomato cultivars and two experimental lines were included in six bimonthly trials and two planting systems at the Isabela Experiment Substation on a Colo clay (Typic Haplorthox, clayey, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic) from July 1972 to May 1973. The results of these trials show that date of planting had a significant effect upon yield and number of marketable tomatoes. Highest yields were obtained in January, intermediate in November and March, and lowest in July, September and May. Environmental factors of temperature and rainfall were considered as the main limiting factors for these differences. The ground planting system outyielded significantly the trellis planting system used in these trials. The Isabela area is close to the coast, very windy throughout the year; thus plant and fruit damage is considerably higher in trellis than in the ground system. Besides, the production costs of the trellis system, on account of the labor-demanding practices, make it economically less competitive than the ground planting system. The tomato cultivars (Tropic and Tropi-Red) and experimental lines (S-486 and S-488) used in these trials performed similarly throughout all experiments in this study.

scholarly journals Current Challenges and Prospects of Indonesian Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs): A Review

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Gunawan Pasaribu ◽  
Ina Winarni ◽  
Raden Esa Pangersa Gusti ◽  
Rizki Maharani ◽  
Andrian Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
Santalum Album L

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) management can lead to various benefits for community livelihood and forest sustainability. However, such management has not been carried out optimally and sustainably in Indonesia, due to various limiting factors including ineffective policies, undeveloped cultivation technologies, and inadequate innovation in processing technologies. Further, the diversity of NTFPs species requires that policy-makers determine the priority species to be developed. Agarwood (Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp.), benzoin (Styrax spp.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), and cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) are aromatic NTFPs species in Indonesia that forest-dwellers have utilized across generations. This paper reviews the current governance, cultivation systems, processing and valuation, and benefits and uses of these species. We also highlights the future challenges and prospects of these NTFPs species, which are expected to be useful in designing NTFPs governance, in order to maximize the associated benefits for the farmers and all related stakeholders.

scholarly journals The Results of Plant Monitoring in the Semistozhki Area of Stavropol Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Seliverstova ◽  
V V Khrapach ◽  
V V Volkova ◽  
N V Shegrinets
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Stavropol Region

Preserving biodiversity is a global problem that was reflected in the Convention on Biological Diversity which appeared in 1992. The adoption of the Convention was an answer to the intensified problem of a significant reduction in the diversity of genetic resources. Botanical gardens are the main centres for preserving the biodiversity of plants that solve the problem of preserving the gene pool. One of the main tasks of botanical gardens is to monitor plant populations in their natural habitats in situ. This paper describes the monitoring of the current state of peonies and sedges in the Semistozhki area of the Andropov district in the Stavropol region. The research determines the growing locations and the belongingness of species to plant associations in the vegetation variety of the Stavropol region. It also determines the species that may be treated as rare due to their limited distribution area. The territory is marked by the presence of Paeonia tenuifolia L., which is a tertiary relict, and Paeonia biebersteiniana Rupr., which is subendimic for Stavropol region. Rear species with low numbers that are not threatened by grave danger of extinction are also present. Carex hordeistichos Vill. and c. otrubae Podp. species in the area are small in number. Their populations in the area are inadequate with young, vegetative and strong specimens lacking. The limiting factors are represented by human agricultural activities. Several specimens of a narrow-leaved peony of pink colour and a big number of petals were planted on an experimental stretch of the botanical garden to continue the analysis ex-situ.

scholarly journals Analysis of Land Suitability for the Development of Porang (Amarphopallus ancophillus ) Plants in Lewa Sub-Regency, East Sumba Regency

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Indrayani Rambu Apu ◽  
Uska Peku Jawang ◽  
Marten Umbu Nganji
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Overlay Method ◽  
Erosion Hazards

Lewa sub-district is one of the sub-districts in East Sumba Regency, which has dry land that can be maximized for the development of porang plants and development purposes; information on the potential of porang plantations is needed. This study aimed to determine the biophysical characteristics of the land and the land suitability class of porang plants. The analytical method used was the matching method by comparing the land characteristics and plant growth requirements and the overlay method. The matching results show that the land characteristics in Lewa Subdistrict are class S1 (Very suitable), covering an area of 26.220,209 ha and Class S2 (quite suitable), covering an area of 3.608,523 ha. Limiting factors in this area are water availability (OA) such as drainage, nutrient retention (nr) such as CEC and pH, and erosion hazards (eh) such as slope.

scholarly journals Probiotic-based cultivation of Clarias batrachus: importance and future perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Arindam Ganguly ◽  
Amrita Banerjee ◽  
Asish Mandal ◽  
Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Clarias batrachus (Linn.) is widely recognized in Indian sub-continent for its nutritional and economic significance. At present, it remains at a merely vulnerable state. Pathogenic infections, diminution of natural habitats and introduction of allied exotic fishes are the causes of productivity constraint, particularly in Southern Asia. Conversely, African cat fish Clarias gariepinus has been significantly identified as a potential threat to biodiversity, despite being its large scale cultivation across the world. Thus emphasis on indigenous C. batrachus farming is becoming inevitable. Currently, screening of autochthonous probiotic organisms for the cultivation of C. batrachus in semi-intensive manner is getting importance. At the same time, molecular omics-based technologies are also gaining considerable attention to identify potential probiotic markers. This review provides an overall concept of probiotics, its application and future perspectives in relation to the cultivation of C. batrachus.

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